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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic nitrogen ion beam from a pulsed duoplasmatron ion source : Proceedings of the fourth International Conference on Ion Sources (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 2616-2618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A duoplasmatron ion source fed with nitrogen usually produces a N+ fraction of approx. 60% in dc mode. In pulsed mode, the duoplasmatron ion source turns out to be a nearly perfect source for atomic nitrogen ions with a high fraction of more than 90% in the milliampere range. This is achieved by pulsing the arc discharge and not by use of any filter magnets. Parameters of operation will be given, such as the comparatively low gas inlet pressure and the arc current, which far exceeds the arc current in dc mode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142855
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the beam emittance of the Frankfurt proton source : Papers from the Ninth International Conference on Ion Sources (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 1027-1029 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility project (IFMIF) the Institut für Angewandte Physik at the University of Frankfurt is concerned with developing a high current proton/deuteron ion source. The 1999 "Frankfurt 200 mA Proton Source" is a volume type belonging to the high-efficient ion-sources family. This type of ion source has proven its capability to produce high-current ion beams of a single mass-to-charge ratio at very low-beam emittances. The arc discharge ion source delivers a 200 mA full beam (93% protons) at 55 keV with very high-beam intensities (outlet aperture 8 mm diam). Thus, the beam requirements for the IFMIF project are fulfilled. After having done the basic plasma investigation with a 127° cylinder spectrometer, the quality of the ion beam was a point of interest. Therefore, the beam emittance was measured with a conventional slit-grid measurement device. The goal was to measure the beam emittance at high-beam currents. The article will give a detailed description of the measurement of a 56 mA beam at 26 keV with 85% protons. Theoretical considerations of the emittance value, given by ion temperature and aberrations of the extraction system, allows an estimation of the emittance of a 170 mA at 55 keV proton beam. In a second step, an estimation of a postaccelerated 140 mA at 100 keV deuteron beam was completed. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1431418
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a Bi+ source for heavy ion fusion : Proceedings of the 7th international conference on ion sources (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 1066-1068 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A volume source based on the high efficiency source is being developed for heavy ion production. Bismuth was chosen for exemplifying investigations because of its low melting point. The ion source is driven by an arc discharge ionizing bismuth atoms which are evaporated from an oven inside the source chamber. It has been optimized to produce a beam with a fraction of singly ionized bismuth above 92%. A multiaperture extraction system was built consisting of seven holes with a radius of 3 mm each. For that system, the perveance limit was achieved at a beam current of 70 mA and an extraction voltage of 27.5 kV. The corresponding emission current density amounts to 35 mA/cm2. This value was obtained for an arc power of only 280 W. Furthermore, the emittance of a beam extracted from the multiaperture extraction system has been determined with a high power emittance scanner. It amounts to 0.27π mm mrad (80%, normalized, 4 rms). In this case, the emittance of a single beam is 0.017π mm mrad. This article will give a detailed description of both the source and the experimental setup. In addition, various dependencies between the plasma parameters and the beam composition are presented. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148634
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of a charge coupled device-camera system for optical diagnostics of intense ion beams (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 2698-2706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Among the various possibilities for investigating the properties of ion beams, two of the most important principles for determining the beam quality are profile measurements using wires or slit apertures, and different kinds of emittance measurement devices. However, most of the commonly used systems have the disadvantage of being either destructive to the beam, or at least to have a considerable influence on the further beam propagation downstream of the point of measurement. Also, for the investigation of intense ion beams, thermal problems on the scanners themselves might arise. Observation of particles emitted from the ion beam in radial direction allow an indirect but nondestructive observation of the beam. Of the different optical methods that exist to accomplish this, we recently conducted an investigation on the possibilities to employ a charge coupled device-camera system for such nondestructive beam diagnostics in our space-charge compensation test stand. First, experimental results on optical profile measurements are presented and compared to results obtained by a slit scanner and a wire scanner. Additionally, to gain a better understanding of the measured data, optically obtained sectional profiles behind a slit and a circular aperture were analyzed. Possibilities for gaining information on the two-dimensional beam profile and the beam emittance are explored. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148182
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid scintillation detectors for gamma and neutron diagnostic at TEXTOR and results of runaway and sawtooth oscillations (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 2594-2598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Time and energy resolved neutron and gamma measurements are performed at the TEXTOR tokamak with a fast liquid NE-213 scintillator. To distinguish between neutron and gamma (γ)-ray induced events, pulse shape discrimination is used. To suppress scattered radiation, the detector is installed in well-shielded collimators aligned radially or tangentially to the plasma current. Count rates up to 2–3×105 s−1 can be processed without considerable reduction of n/γ discrimination and without gain instability. To demonstrate the capability of this system, typical results are presented as obtained from plasmas in TEXTOR during sawtooth oscillations, runaway discharges, pellet injection, and neutral beam injection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144657
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frankfurt EBIS development: Fundamental research and new applications : Proceedings of 5th international conference on ion sources (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1069-1071 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Fundamental questions of electron beam ion sources (EBIS) are studied using three different setups. Cryogenic classical EBIS: The limit of ion–ion cooling in EBIS devices operating near the space-charge neutralization limit has been studied experimentally. To investigate different degrees of compensation of the electron beam by highly charged ions, a hemispherical analyzer has been constructed including a novel deceleration optic for high resolution. Using its energy definition we tested different modes of ion transportation in our multipassage magnetic spectrometer, which can be operated chromatically as well as extremely dispersively: up to 200 passages could be obtained. EBIS without magnetic field: First results on ion production in the short trap at the very dense crossover of an electron beam (XEBIS) confined only inertially without the use of magnetic fields are presented. Normal conducting short EBIS: Using a normal conducting field of 0.8 T of 25-cm length an EBIS is under construction to study extremely short ion extraction of approximately 4 μs for single turn injection into a medical synchrotron for cancer therapy (MEDEBIS).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145065
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gravity and shear flow effects on spinodal decomposition in single component fluids (1993)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 758-759 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Results of experiments, carried out in space and on earth, are reported in which spinodal decomposition in a single-component fluid (SF6) is studied by small angle light scattering. Deformed circular light-scattering patterns are observed. They reflect deformation of density fluctuations by gravity effects and shear flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.465753
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical slowing down of nuclear growth along the liquid/liquid coexistence curve (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 859-861 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The growth rate of a second liquid phase is studied in demixing process of n-butoxyethanol/water mixtures. Following the liquid/liquid coexistence curve from far-off critical compositions to the critical point, the growth rate of the droplets slows down markedly. The values of the mutual diffusion coefficient D extracted from the growth rate data are found to scale approximately with a power law of the form D ∼|| (T − Tc)/Tc||0.79.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.462419
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy spectra of ions and electrons of a duoplasmatron : International conference on ion sources (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 493-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The energy distributions of ions and electrons extracted from a duoplasmatron ion source have been measured by a 127° cylinder spectrometer, providing information on the axial potential distribution in the source. The energy resolution of the spectrometer was about ±1 eV. Compared to measurements with Langmuir probes, this method has the advantage that the plasma potential is not disturbed. The energy spectrum of the extracted ions shows up to three peaks, which are related to different places of ionization in the source. The total energy spread is up to 100 eV. This energy spread can be influenced (down to 6 eV) by the potential of the expansion cup. Surprisingly, 90% of the extracted electrons are not created at the cathode but in the plasma of the intermediate electrode. This knowedge allows a better optimization of the source by independent regulation of gas pressure, intermediate electrode potential, and cathode potential. For optimum ionization of the working gas the potential of the intermediate electrode can be regulated so that the electron energy reaches the optimum value for the ionization in front of the anode and the energy and the intensity of the electron current is regulated by means of the potential of the expansion cup. These parameters strongly influence the beam quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141231
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the ion beam obtained from a small multicusp ion source : International conference on ion sources (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 327-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The small multicusp ion source developed at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) has been equipped with a low voltage ratio, single aperture extraction system. The influence of the potential of the plasma electrode and of a dipole filter field on the beam emittance are measured. A simple method to reduce hash is suggested. The aim of these investigations is to produce nitrogen ion beams with a high atomic ion fraction and a low emittance as required for a RFQ-accelerator, which will be built for ion implantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141284
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