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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 120 (1984), S. 199-205 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 127 (1985), S. 303-309 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 128 (1985), S. 305-311 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 127 (1985), S. 303-309 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Transplant international 13 (2000), S. S14 
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Atherosclerosis ; Renal transplantation ; Hypertension ; Left ventricular hypertrophy ; Hyperlipidemia ; Statines ; Hyperhomocysteinemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Death with functioning graft, the most frequent cause being cardiac death, continues to be the most frequent cause of long-term graft loss. The risk of cardiovascular death in the transplanted patient is lower than in patients with other modalities of renal replacement therapy, but continues to be substantially higher than in the general population. Amongst the factors predicting patient and graft survival are hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking and possibly hyperhomocysteinemia. It is concluded that lowering of blood pressure to levels far lower than levels accepted in the past, more widespread administration of statines, cessation of smoking and possibly administration of folate should reduce cardiovascular mortality and possibly also influence chronic allograft vasculopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 355 (1972), S. 354-366 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 5/6-nephrektomierten Ratten mit akuter Niereninsuffizienz wurden Knochenbildung und Knochenresorption durch Tetracyclin- und Alizarin Rot-Markierung quantitativ bestimmt. Die Knochenbildung ist im Kurzzeitversuch (72 Std bzw. 6 Tage) bei 5/6-nephrektomierten Ratten genenüber scheinoperierten und paargefütterten Kontrolltieren hochsignifikant reduziert (22% bzw. 16,5%). Ein Rückgang der Knochenbildung kann unabhängig von einer Niereninsuffizienz durch exogen ausgelöste Acidose (NH4Cl) oder Serum-Harnstofferhöhung (Harnstoff im Trinkwasser) nicht hervorgerufen werden. Es wird daraus geschlossen, daß metabolische Acidose und Azotämie auf die bei Ratten mit akuter Niereninsuffizienz nachgewiesene Reduktion der Knochenbildung keinen Einfluß haben. Eine geringe Reduktion der Knochenbildung um 6% nach 5/6-Nephrektomie läßt sich bei parathyreoidektomierten Tieren statistisch nicht sichern. Da die Resorptionsrate bei 5/6-nephrektomierten Ratten während einer Versuchsdauer von 6 Tagen trotz einer Hyperplasie der Nebenschilddrüsen mit Vermehrung der Osteoklasten nicht gesteigert ist, muß die celluläre Resorptionsleistung der Osteoklasten bei Ratten mit akuter Niereninsuffizienz gedrosselt sein.
    Notes: Summary Bone-formation rate and bone-resorption rate were measured with a tetracycline and alizarin red labelling technique in rats with acute renal insufficiency (5/6-nephrectomy). In short term experiments (72 h and 6 d) bone-formation rate is significantly reduced (−22%) in 5/6-nephrectomized animals as compared with sham-operated, pair-fed controls. The reduction of the bone-formation rate was no longer significant in parathyroidectomized animals with renal insufficiency. The reduction is not caused by acidosis and elevation of serum urea (NH4Cl-acidosis and administration of urea in drinking water). In spite of the hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands and the increase of osteoclasts in uremic rats the rate of bone resorption was somewhat decreased in 6 day experiments. This result suggests that bone resorption in renal insufficiency is reduced at the cellular level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 356 (1972), S. 119-126 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei einer 29 Jahre alt gewordenen Frau mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz und schwerer azotämischer Osteopathie wurde unter Langzeithämodialyse eine doppelseitige symmetrische Osteomyelitis beider Oberschenkeldiaphysen beobachtet. Die Osteomyelitis hatte auf beiden Seiten zu einer partiell penetrierenden Sequesterbildung mit Totenlade und Cloace geführt. Das Zusammentreffen von urämischer Osteopathie und Osteomyelitis ist bislang nicht mitgeteilt worden. Die Entstehung der Osteomyelitis wird auf die metabolische Osteopathie bei chronischer Niereninsuffizienz mit Steigerung des Skeletumbaues und der Skelettdurchblutung zurückgeführt. Als Ursache der symmetrischen Lokalisation osteomyelitischer Herde in beiden Oberschenkeldiaphysen wird eine lokale Steigerung des Knochenumbaues diskutiert, hervorgerufen durch die urämische Myopathie mit einer Tonusänderung der Adduktorenmuskulatur im Bereich ihrer Insertion und/oder durch die Biegebelastung der Oberschenkelbeine im Bereich der Biegungsmaxima.
    Notes: Summary The case is reported of a 29 y. old woman with chronic renal failure and severe azotemic osteopathy treated by maintenance hemodialysis. At autopsy bilateral symmetrical osteomyelitis of the medial corticalis of both femoral diaphyses was found. Osteomyelitis was associated with large, partially penetrating cortical sequesters, and the formation of involucra and cloaca. The coincidence of azotemic osteopathy with osteomyelitis in patients kept on maintenance hemodialysis has not been reported so far. An increased rate of bone remodelling and an enhanced skeletal blood flow as a consequence of uremic metabolic bone disease is thought to raise the risk of hematogenous osteomyelitis. The symmetrical localization in both femora may be due to a local increase of bone remodelling where the riders muscles insert (caused by an altered tonus of riders muscles in uremic myopathy) or in stress zones from bending stress of the femora.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 370 (1976), S. 55-68 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Differential counts and electron microscopical studies of osteocytes were performed on rats immobilized by spinal cord severing, plaster cast and ischiatic nerive dissection. In undecalcified ground sections of tibia and femur (100 micron) stained wtth basic fuchsin, osteocytes were differentiated into small (metabolically inactive) osteocy es enlarged (metabolically activated) osteocytes and empty lacunae. In rats (immobilizedfor' three weeks) with functioning parathyroid glands, but not after parathyroidectomy, the number of activated cells is markedly increased, whereas the number of small osteocytes is reduced. In animals with spinal cord severing the number of empty lacunae is also increased. Electron microscopical studies of undecalcified tibiae taken from rats immobilized for ten days showed a periosteocytic osteolysis with destruction of the lacunar wall, fragmentation of collagen fibres and loss of mineral crystals. The cytoplasmic seams of osteocytes were broadened, mitochondria were enlarged, and the cytoplasma showed vacuoles containing amorphous material which could be found in the pericellular space. Deep invaginations of the cytoplasma and an increase of the cell processes were typical findings. The results of the investigation point to an activation of osteocyte metabolism by immobilization. The osteocytes thus play an important part at the onset of immobilization osteoporosis. Periosteocytic osteolysis can be inhibited by parathyroidectomy. Therefore, the response of osteocytes to endogenous parathyroid hormone must be altered under conditions of immobilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 362 (1974), S. 129-143 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The epiphyseal growth plate of femora (proximal and distal), tibiae, radii and ulnae of seven uremic children were studied to clarify the histopathogenesis of epiphyseolysis. Epiphyseolysis was found to be result of three different processes: (1) growth arrest, (2) excessive erosion of the growth cartilage and of the trabeculae of metaphyseal spongiosa and (3) disturbance of vascularisation of hypertrophic cartilage. By resorptive destruction, secondary hyperparathyroidism causes loss of the chondro-osseous continuity. The ordered trajectoral pattern of the trabeculae in the primary spongiosa is transformed into a dense lace of mechanically inferior trabeculae consisting of woven bone. Impairment of primary mineralization could not be demonstrated. Intensive subperiosteal osteoclastic resorption leads to a reduction of metaphyseal width and to fractures of the unsupported lateral parts of the growth cartilage. There were notable differences between the growth plates in different localisations: in growth plates subjected to axial compression (distal femur, tibia) signs of growth arrest prevailed (reduction of hypertrophic cartilage, occlusion of the growth plate by a transverse plate of bone); in growth plates subjected to shearing forces (upper femur, radius, ulna) epiphyses were seen to slip sideway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 357 (1972), S. 257-274 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unentkalkte Schnitte und Schliffe der Beckenkammspongiosa von 50 Patienten unter Langzeithämodialyse (durchschnittliche Dialysedauer 16.6±12.3 Monate), von 20 Patienten mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz ohne Hämodialyse und von 20 skeletgesunden Patienten wurden mikromorphometrisch und mikroradiographisch untersucht. Keine der Beckenkammbiopsien urämischer Patienten mit und ohne Hämodialyse zeigte einen normalen Skeletbefund. Die Skeletveränderungen waren durch einen sekundären Hyperparathyreoidismus mit gesteigerter Zellaktivität, Endostfibrose und Auftreten von atypischem Faserosteoid sowie durch eine Osteomalacie geprägt. Die mikromorphometrische Analyse ergab zwischen urämischen Patienten mit und ohne Hämodialyse keinen Unterschied: Volumetrische Dichte, Osteoidsaumlänge und mittlere Osteoidsaumbreite waren gesteigert; der Anteil der mit Osteoblasten bedeckten osteoiden Säume am Gesamtosteoid war gegenüber skeletgesunden Kontrollen nicht verändert. Die Zahl aktiver Howshipscher Lakunen war beträchtlich vergrößert. Die spezifische Oberfläche der Trabekel blieb unverändert. Die Mikroradiographie zeigte periosteocytäre Osteolyse, Mineralisationsdefekte (vor allem bei Dialysepatienten) und eine starke Mikroheterogenität der Knochenstruktur. Die Serum-Parat-Hormonspiegel waren bei Dialysepatienten ausnahmslos erhöht. Osteoidmenge, Anzahl der aktiven Howshipschen Lakunen und Größe der Osteocytenlakunen korrelierten mit der Höhe der Serum-Parat-Hormonspiegel. Die Serum-Calcitonin-Spiegel lagen bei Dialysepatienten im Normbereich. Zwischen morphometrischen Daten und der Höhe der Serum-Calcitonin-Spiegel ergab sich keine Korrelation. Dissezierende Fibrosteoklasie (Ostitis fibrosa) und Osteomalacie erfuhren mit zunehmender Dialysedauer keine Veränderung.
    Notes: Summary 50 iliac crest biopsy specimens taken from hemodialyzed uremic patients (average duration of dialysis 16.7±12.3 months), 20 specimens from patients in terminal renal failure and 20 specimens from healthy controls were analyzed by micromorphometry of undecalcified microtome sections. In addition undecalcified ground sections were studied by microradiography. None of the biopsy specimens of dialyzed and non-dialyzed uremic patients showed entirely normal bone histology. The osteopathy was characterized in both uremic groups by secondary hyperparathyroidism with increased cellular activity, endosteal fibrosis and appearance of woven osteoid and by osteomalacia. Micromorphometry revealed no differences between uremic patients with and without hemodialysis: volumetric density, the fraction of total bone volume represented by osteoid, the fraction of trabecular surface covered by osteoid and the mean osteoid seam thickness were increased; the fraction of osteoid covered by osteoblasts remained unchanged when compared with normal controls, whereas the fraction of trabecular surface covered by active Howship's lacunae was elevated. The specific surface of trabecular bone was unaltered. Microradiography showed marked periosteocytic osteolysis, abundance of low density zones (particularly in dialyzed patients) and microheterogeneity of bone structure. There was a good degree of correlation between the increased amounts of osteoid and active Howhsip's lacunae and increased area of osteocytic lacunae and increased serum parathyroid hormone levels. There was no correlation between serum clacitonin levels and micromorphometric parameters. Fibro-osteoclasia and osteomalacia apparently did not progress with continued dialysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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