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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The electron microscope characterization of the fine structure of nylon 6: I. The supermolecular structure in melt-cast, isotropic bulk material (1986)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 264 (1986), S. 649-658 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Nylon 6 ; electron microscopy ; staining ; spherulites ; lamellar crystals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The application of phosphotungstic acid (PTA) as a staining agent with appropriate hardening procedures and accurate ultra-thin sectioning has enabled the direct transmission electron microscope (TEM) investigation to be carried out on the lamellar fine structure of bulk nylon 6. Details of the organization of the crystal lamellae within spherulites and other morphological structures, their shape and, especially, their dimensions were revealed and the mean structural long period was determined. Interspherulitic regions without any indication of crystalline ordering could be observed in samples which were rapidly cooled from the melt. The investigations on bulk material were completed by observations on solution-grown thin films. Optical diffraction (OD) was used for evaluating the electron micrographs; the results were compared with the data from small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01469525
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The electron microscope characterization of the fine structure of nylon 6: II. On the rearrangement of the structure during cold-drawing (1986)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 264 (1986), S. 668-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Nylon 6 ; cold-drawing ; electron microscopy ; staining ; transverse structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The transmission electron microscope (TEM) visualization of the supermolecular structure of cold-drawn, oriented nylon 6 bulk material (bristles) by stained ultra-thin sections is reported. For evaluating the electron micrographs optical diffraction (OD) has been applied in comparison with small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The deformation of the spherulites was followed by polarization microscopy. In addition, investigations were carried out on commercial nylon 6 fibres. As the main result a transverse structure was revealed within the drawn samples at draw ratios between λ=4 and 4.5, consisting of mosaic crystals which show some lateral alignment. The structure is described by a modified layer lattice model. While the long period may increase slightly during drawing, the crystallite thickness remains almost constant. Fibres with λ=3.4 show a similarly oriented structure though the lateral alignment of the crystals is not so pronounced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01469527
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micromechanical elements for detection of molecules and molecular design (1995)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 1 (1995), S. 202-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Photolithographic preparation of thin films and stacks of them were combined with anisotropic silicon etching and free standing film technology in order to realize three dimensional micro components for studies in detection and optimization of biomolecules. A polymer based SFM sensor was developed and tested in the measurement of thin film roughness and in the detection of holes in molecular films as well as in the detection of single DNA molecules. This “novolever” shows surprisingly high mechanical stability and provides high resolution SFM images of sensible molecules. Experimental arrangements of miniaturized chemical parallel processing for combinatorial and evolutionary synthesis strategies including silicon micro compartment arrays with free standing optical membranes and thin film filters have been proposed and the manufacturing of micro compartment arrays is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01371496
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct electron microscope investigation of the morphology of surface-growth polyethylene filaments before and after zone-drawing (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 6 (1987), S. 1336-1338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01794610
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defect structures in high-pressure crystallized polyethylene (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 471-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1986.010370716
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zum Festigkeits- und Bruchverhalten von Polyamid 6 (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 458-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The influence of the structure on the strength of bulk polyamide 6 is investigated. The strength is characterized as resistance of the material to plastic deformation as well as t o crack propagation. Measurements of the fracture toughness of polyamide 6-injection mouldings within the scope of linear elastic fracture mechanics are reported. Results are discussed in connection with light and electron microscopic investigations especially as to the secondary fracture behaviour.
    Notes: Der Einfluß der Struktur auf die Festigkeit von kompaktem Polyamid 6 wird untersucht. Dabei wird als Festigkeit der Widerstand des Materials einerseits gegen plastische Verformung, andererseits gegen Rißausbritung charakterisiert. Es wird Bruchzähigkeitsmessungen ana PA-6-Spritzgrußteilen im Rahmen der linear-elastischen Bruchmechanik berichtet. Die Ergebnisse werden in Verbindung mit licht- und elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchungen, insbesondere zum Sekundärbruchverhalten, diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1986.010370712
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen von Polyamid-6-Fasern mit Modifikatorzusätzen unter Anwendung der Ätzung in der HF-GlimmentladungHerrn Professor Dr. Dr. hc. Heinz Bethge zur Vollendung des 60. Lebensjahres gewidmet (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 30 (1979), S. 720-723 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Modified polyamide-6-fibres have been investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. There results illustrate the localization and distribution of modifiers (titan dioxide and polyethylene oxide). The demonstration of the morphological structure was improved by HF glow discharge etching of the samples.
    Notes: Modifizierte Polyamid-6-Fasern wurden im Raster- und Transmissions-Elektronenmikroskop untersucht. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse gestatten Aussagen über die Art des Einbaus und über die Verteilung der Modifikatorzusätze (Titandioxid und Polyethylenoxid). Zur besseren Darstellung der morphologischen Struktur der Proben wurde für die Präparation die Ätzung in einer HF-Glimmentladung eingesetzt.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1979.010301114
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die elektronenmikroskopische Darstellung der Morphologie partiell kristalliner Polymere am Beispiel des Polyamid-6 (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 33 (1982), S. 227-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The supramolecular structure of compact polyamide-6 was investigated by electron microscopy with ultrathin sections using different methods of solidification and contrasting. Besides usual transmission electron microscopy the high voltage electron microscopy was applied which allows to investigate thick sections. Comparative investigations were performed with thin films. The changes in morphology caused by high pressure in the crystallization of polyamide-6 are demonstrated by fracture surface replication as well as by scanning electron microscopy.
    Notes: Zur Charakterisierung der übermolekularen Struktur von kompaktem Polyamid-6 wurden elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Ultradünnschnitten unter Anwendung verschiedener Härtungs-und Kontrastierungsmethoden durchgeführt. Neben der konventionellen Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie wurde die Höchstspannungselektronenmikroskopie eingesetzt, die es ermöglicht, dickere Schnitte zu untersuchen. Vergleichende Untersuchungen wurden an Dünnfilmen vorgenommen. Die durch den Einfluß hohen Druckes bei der Kristallisation von PA-6 verursachten morphologischen Veränderungen wurden sowohl anhand von Bruchflächenabdrücken als auch rasterelektronenmikroskpisch nachgewiesen.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1982.010330401
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the crystallization kinetics of a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 44 (1993), S. 173-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The isothermal crystallization kinetics of a thermotropic liquid crystalline (LC) polymer has been studied using the integral intensity of a selected X-ray reflection as a measure of the crystallinity. The starting conditions for the crystallization have been varied by isothermal annealing of the polymer in the LC state during various time intervals. Using the Avrami equation to interpret the crystallization kinetics, Avrami exponents increasing from 0.66 to 2.1 have been obtained with increasing annealing time. This observation can be explained by simultaneous heterogeneous nucleation from ID (centers of disclinations) and 2D (domain walls) nuclei. Using a modified form of the Avrami equation, the contributions of the two types of nuclei can be separated. Avrami exponents smaller than 1 appear to be related to the finite size of the domains. Time resolved studies of the crystallization process using a polarization microscope and bright field transmission electron microscopy observations corroborate the interpretation of the Avrami plots.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1993.010440401
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Änderung von Kettenlänge und Fasermorphologie bei thermischer Behandlung von Linterscellulose mit und ohne EisenbeladungHerrn Professor Dr. Dr. h. c. Erich Correns zur Vollendung des 85. Lebensjahres gewidmet (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 32 (1981), S. 233-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The time-dependence of DP and the morphological changes on thermal degradation of linters samples subjected to different pretreatment were investigated, comparing particularly linters samples charged or not with iron. The iron content (6 mg Fe per 1 g cellulose) caused an increase of the initial rate of chain scission by one or two orders of magnitude. The resulting damages of the morphological structure, as formation of crazes or spots and separation of structural layers close to the surface, can be explained by internal stresses caused by the formation of volatile decomposition products.
    Notes: Der zeitliche Verlauf des DP und die morphologischen Veränderungen unterschiedlich vorbehandelter Lintersproben beim thermischen Abbau wurden untersucht, wobei vor allem Fe-freie und Fe-beladene Präparate verglichen wurden. Eine Fe-Beladung (6 mg Fe/g Cellulose) erhöhte die Anfangsgeschwindigkeit der Kettenspaltung um 1 bis 2 Größenordnungen. Die auftretenden Schädigungen der morphologischen Struktur (Riß- und „Stippen“-Bildung, flächenhaftes Abheben oberflächennaher Strukturbereiche) lassen sich als Folge innerer Spannungen in Verbindung mit dem Freiwerden flüchtiger Zersetzungsprodukte deuten.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1981.010320502
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