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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol production by recombinant Escherichia coli KO11 using crude yeast autolysate as a nutrient supplement (1996)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 18 (1996), S. 683-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Crude yeast autolysate (10 g/l; 5.8 g solubles/l) supplemented with minerals and vitamins served as a nutrient supplement for ethanol production by the recombinant bacterium, Escherichia coli KO11. Ethanol production in this medium (46±1.7 g ethanol/l) was equivalent to that obtained using 5–15 g/l of purified, soluble, commercial protein hydrolysates (44–48 g ethanol/l). On site production of autolysates from spent yeast offers the potential for synergy between grain-based and lignocellulose-based ethanol plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00130766
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Construction of a new vector for the expression of foreign genes inZymomonas mobilis (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 1 (1986), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Cloning vector construction ; Expression ; Zymomonas mobilis ; Isolation of promoters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Broad host range plasmids have previously been shown to be suitable as vectors to introduce antibiotic resistance genes intoZ. mobilis. However, attempts to use these vectors to carry other genes with enteric promoters and controlling elements have resulted in limited success due to poor expression. Thus we have constructed a promoter cloning vector in a modified pBR327 and used this vector to isolated 12 promoters fromZ. mobilis which express various levels of β-galactosidase inEscherichia coli. Four of these were then subcloned into pCVD 305 for introduction intoZ. mobilis. All expressed β-galactosidase inZ. mobilis with activities of 100 to 1800 Miller units. One of these retained aBamHl site into which new genes can be readily inserted immediately downstream from theZ. mobilis promoter. Genetic traits carried by pCVD 305 were initially unstable but spontaneous variants were produced during sub-culture in which the plasmid was resistant to curing at elevated temperature. One of these variants was examined in some detail. The increased stability of this variant appears to result from an alteration in the plasmid rather than a chromosomal mutation or from chromosomal integration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569411
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient limitation as a basis for the apparent toxicity of low levels of ethanol during fermentation (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 1 (1986), S. 219-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Fermentation ; Ethanol toxicity ; Saccharomyces ; Inhibition ; Glycolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The rate of alcohol production (per mg cell protein) bySaccharomyces cerevisiae declines as ethanol accumulates during fermentation. The results of these studies indicate that this initial decline in activity is not due to the presence of ethanol or to growth in its presence. Nutrient limitation is proposed as a major factor responsible for the decline in fermentative activity during the early stages of fermentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569275
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol production from hemicellulose hydrolysates of agricultural residues using genetically engineeredEscherichia coli strain KO11 (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 16 (1996), S. 42-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: ethanol ; E. coli ; biomass ; lignocellulose ; pentose ; hemicellulose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Hemicellulose hydrolysates of the agricultural residues bagasse, corn stover, and corn hulls plus fibers were readily fermented to ethanol by recombinantEscherichia coli strain KO11. Corn steep liquor and crude yeast autolysate served as excellent nutrients. Fermentations were substantially complete within 48 h, often achieving over 40 g ethanol L−1. Ethanol yields ranged from 86% to over 100% of the maximum theoretical yield (0.51 g ethanol g sugar−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569920
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soy-based medium for ethanol production byEscherichia coli KO11 (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 16 (1996), S. 374-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: soy ; hydrolysate ; nutrient ; fermentation ; ethanol ; amino acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract An optimized soy-based medium was developed for ethanol production byEscherichia coli KO11. The medium consists of mineral salts, vitamins, crude enzymatic hydrolysate of soy and fermentable sugar. Ethanol produced after 24 h was used as an endpoint in bioassays to optimize hydrolysate preparation. Although longer fermentation times were required with soy medium than with LB medium, similar final ethanol concentrations were achieved (44–45 g ethanol L−1 from 100 g glucose L−1). The cost of materials for soy medium (excluding sugar) was estimated to be $0.003 L−1 broth, $0.006 L−1 ethanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01570119
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of ethanol-tolerant mutants of Escherichia coli KO11 for fuel ethanol production (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 20 (1998), S. 132-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: ethanol; ethanol tolerance; fermentation; xylose; biomass; lignocellulose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Genetically engineered Escherichia coli KO11 is capable of efficiently producing ethanol from all sugar constituents of lignocellulose but lacks the high ethanol tolerance of yeasts currently used for commercial starch-based ethanol processes. Using an enrichment method which selects alternatively for ethanol tolerance during growth in broth and for ethanol production on solid medium, mutants of KO11 with increased ethanol tolerance were isolated which can produce more than 60 g ethanol L−1 from xylose in 72 h. Ethanol concentrations and yields achieved by the LY01 mutant with xylose exceed those reported for recombinant strains of Saccharomyces and Zymomonas mobilis, both of which have a high native ethanol tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900496
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic engineering of soft-rot bacteria for ethanol production from lignocellulose (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 11 (1993), S. 151-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Erwinia ; Lignocellulose ; Cellulose ; Ethanol ; Cellulase ; Xylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The soft-rot bacteriaErwinia carotovora SR38 andErwinia chrysanthemi EC16 have been genetically engineered to efficiently produce ethanol and carbon dioxide as primary fermentation products from cellobiose, glucose and xylose. These organisms have the native ability to secrete a battery of hydrolases and lyases to aid in the solubilization of lignocellulose. Both strains of ethanologenicErwinia fermented cellobiose at twice the rate of the cellobioseutilizing yeasts (Spindler et al., 1992. Biotechnology Letters 14: 403–407) and may be useful in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01583716
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myocardial infarction following acute occlusion and reperfusion of the septal coronary artery (1985)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 80 (1985), S. 670-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: coronary reperfusion ; interventricular septum ; myocardial infarction ; septal artery ; triphenyl tetrazolium chloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It has been demonstrated that temporary occlusion of major epicardial arterics of the dogs produces a nontransmural myocardial infarction (MI) whose size is reduced by early reperfusion. This study was undertaken to determine the location and extent of MI following acute occlusion and reperfusion of the septal artery (SA). The SA was occluded for four hours in group I (7 dogs). Occlusion time for group II (6 dogs) was 2 hours and for group III (6 dogs) was 1 hour, followed by 2 and 3 hours of reperfusion, respectively. The hearts were then removed and cut into transverse slices from base to apex. The triphenyl tetrazolium chloride technique identified the areas of infarction, which were quantitated with a microcomputer-based graphics system. To determine the extent of necrosis across the interventricular septum (IVS), the IVS was divided into 5 transverse segments of equal depth and the amount of MI was determined for each. In group I, MI involved 3.42±0.9% (mean±SEM) of the left ventricle (LV) and 13.49±3.4% of the IVS. In group II, 6.11±1.3% of the LV and 25.00±5.5% of the IVS were infarcted. In group III, 5.63±1.3% of the LV and 31.9±14.3 % of the septum were infarcted. MI was larger on the left side of the IVS than on the right in all groups, and the extent of MI did not differ significantly between the three groups. This study showed that early reperfusion of the SA did not reduce MI as reported for other coronary beds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01907866
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between coronary collateral growth in the dog and ischemic bed size (1981)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 76 (1981), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: septal artery ; circumflex occlusion ; right cor. occlusion ; collateral blood flow distribution ; collateral pattern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir untersuchten zwei Modelle des Koronarverschlusses: Dreimonatige Okklusion des Ramus circumflexus und rechte Koronarokklusion. Nach Koronarverschluß fand Kollateralentwicklung in normal aktiven Hunden statt. Kollateralperfusion wurde an einem isolierten Herzpräparat gemessen. Die Resultate erwiesen, daß ein gewisses Schema der Kollateralentwicklung zugrunde liegt. Kollateralperfusion was im allgemeinen zum linken Herzen mit Ramus-circumflexus-Okklusion orientiert und zum rechten herzen mit rechtem Koronarverschluß. Obwohl die Hauptkollateralisierung über epikardiale Kollateralen stattfand, fanden wir aktive intramyokardiale Entwicklung von der Septalarterie in beiden Modellen. Kollateralentwicklung zum Ramus circumflexus nach Verschluß war 6.54mal größer als die zur rechten Koronararterie. Die Resultate deuten auf eine Beziehung zwischen Kollateralwachstum und Größe des ischämischen Gebietes hin.
    Notes: Summary Two models of gradual coronary occlusion (Ameroid method) were compared in this study: 3 months circumflex and 3 months right coronary occlusion. Following coronary occlusion, the collaterals developed in intact, normally active dogs. The collateral flows were assessed in an isolated heart preparation. The results indicated a pattern for collateral development. Collateral flow was directed primarily toward the left heart with circumflex occlusion, and toward the right heart with right occlusion. Although dominant collateralization was via epicardial collaterals, intramyocardial septal collaterals strongly participated in growth development of both models. Collateral growth to the circumflex with circumflex occlusion was 6.54 fold greater than collateral growth to the right coronary artery with right occlusion. The data suggest a relationship between collateral growth and ischemic bed size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01907774
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol production from starch by recombinantEscherichia coli containing integrated genes for ethanol production and plasmid genes for saccharification (1992)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 14 (1992), S. 415-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Ethanologenic strains ofEscherichia coli have been developed which can express thermostable enzymes for starch saccharification as intracellular products. These enzymes can be harvested within cells at the end of fermentation and liberated by heating to the temperature at which they exhibit maximal activity (60°C to 70°C). Organisms such as these could be used to supply enzymes for yeast-based fermentations while producing ethanol as a co-product.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021257
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