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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A tangentially viewing vacuum ultraviolet TV system for the DIII–D divertor : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 738-741 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A video camera system capable of imaging vacuum ultraviolet emission in the 120–160 nm wavelength range, from the entire divertor region in the DIII–D tokamak, was designed. The new system has a tangential view of the divertor similar to an existing tangential camera system [M. E. Fenstermacher et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 974 (1997)] which has produced two-dimensional maps of visible line emission (400–800 nm) from deuterium and carbon in the divertor region. However, the overwhelming fraction of the power radiated by these elements is emitted by resonance transitions in the ultraviolet, namely the C IV line at 155.0 nm and Ly-α line at 121.6 nm. To image the ultraviolet light with an angular view including the inner wall and outer bias ring in DIII–D, a six-element optical system (f/8.9) was designed using a combination of reflective and refractive optics. This system will provide a spatial resolution of 1.2 cm in the object plane. An intermediate UV image formed in a secondary vacuum is converted to the visible by means of a phosphor plate and detected with a conventional charge injection device (CID) camera (30 ms framing rate). A single MgF2 lens serves as the vacuum interface between the primary and secondary vacuums; a second lens must be inserted in the secondary vacuum to correct the focus at 155 nm. Using the same tomographic inversion method employed for the visible TV, we will reconstruct the poloidal distribution of the UV divertor light. The grain size of the phosphor plate and the optical system aberrations limit the best focus spot size to 60 μm at the CID plane. The optical system is designed to withstand 350 °C vessel bakeout, 2 T magnetic fields, and disruption-induced accelerations of the vessel. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149286
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A tangentially viewing visible TV system for the DIII-D divertor : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 974-977 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A video camera system has been installed on the DIII-D tokamak for two-dimensional spatial studies of line emission in the lower divertor region. The system views the divertor tangentially at approximately the height of the X point through an outer port. At the tangency plane, the entire divertor from the inner wall to outside the DIII-D bias ring is viewed with spatial resolution of ∼1 cm. The image contains information from ∼90 deg of toroidal angle. In a recent upgrade, remotely controllable filter changers were added which have produced images from nominally identical discharges using different spectral lines. Software was developed to calculate the response function matrix of the optical system using distributed computing techniques and assuming toroidal symmetry. Standard sparse matrix algorithms are then used to invert the three-dimensional images onto a poloidal plane. Spatial resolution of the inverted images is 2 cm; higher resolution simply increases the size of the response function matrix. Initial results from a series of experiments with multiple identical discharges show that the emission from C II and C III, which appears along the inner scrape-off layer above and below the X point during ELMing H mode, moves outward and becomes localized near the X point in radiative divertor operation induced by deuterium injection. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147729
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas puff fueled H-mode discharges with good energy confinement above the Greenwald density limit on DIII-D : The 42nd annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the American Physical Society and the 10th international congress on plasma physics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 2017-2022 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: ELMing (edge-localized) H-mode discharges with densities as high as 40% above the Greenwald density and good energy confinement, HITER-89P=2, were obtained with D2 gas puffing on DIII-D [Chan et al., Proceedings of the 16th IAEA Conference, Montreal (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1996), Vol. 1, p. 95]. These discharges have performance comparable to the best pellet fueled DIII-D discharges. Spontaneous peaking of the density profile was an important factor in obtaining high energy confinement. Without density profile peaking, the energy confinement at high density degraded with reduction in the H-mode pedestal pressure under the stiff temperature profile conditions observed at high density on DIII-D. Reduction in the pedestal pressure was associated with loss of access to the second stable regime for ideal ballooning modes at the edge, and change in the edge-localized mode (ELM) instability from a low to high toroidal mode number. Gyrokinetic stability calculations indicate that the core of the high-density discharges is dominated by ion temperature gradient mode turbulence. A turbulent transport simulation with the GLF23 [Waltz et al., Phys. Plasmas 4, 2482 (1997)] code produced stiff temperature profiles in agreement with the experiment and did not indicate the formation of an internal transport barrier. Helium transport studies showed an anomalous inward particle pinch at high density. The highest density discharges were terminated by onset of a magnetohydromagnetic instability, which is consistent with destabilization of neoclassical tearing modes through peaking of the pressure profile. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1345504
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The two-dimensional structure of radiative divertor plasmas in the DIII-D tokamak : The 38th annual meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics (DPP) of the American Physical Society (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 1761-1773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recent measurements of the two-dimensional (2-D) spatial profiles of divertor plasma density, temperature, and emissivity in the DIII-D tokamak [J. Luxon et al., in Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), p. 159] under highly radiating conditions are presented. Data are obtained using a divertor Thomson scattering system and other diagnostics optimized for measuring the high electron densities and low temperatures in these detached divertor plasmas (ne≤1021 m−3, 0.5 eV≤Te). D2 gas injection in the divertor increases the plasma radiation and lowers Te to less than 2 eV in most of the divertor volume. Modeling shows that this temperature is low enough to allow ion–neutral collisions, charge exchange, and volume recombination to play significant roles in reducing the plasma pressure along the magnetic separatrix by a factor of 3–5, consistent with the measurements. Absolutely calibrated vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy and 2-D images of impurity emission show that carbon radiation near the X-point, and deuterium radiation near the target plates contribute to the reduction in Te. Uniformity of radiated power (Prad) (within a factor of 2) along the outer divertor leg, with peak heat flux on the divertor target reduced fourfold, was obtained. A comparison with 2-D fluid simulations shows good agreement when physical sputtering and an ad hoc chemical sputtering source (0.5%) from the private flux region surface are used. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872278
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of experimentally achieved DIII-D detached plasmas using the UEDGE code (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 1967-1975 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The introduction of a divertor Thomson scattering system in DIII-D [J. Luxon et al., International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1986), p. 159] has enabled accurate determination of the plasma properties in the divertor region. Two plasma regimes are identified: detached and attached. The electron temperature in the detached regime is about 2 eV, much lower than 5–10 eV determined earlier. Fluid models of the DIII-D scrape-off layer plasma successfully reproduce many of the features of these two regimes, including the boundaries for transition between them. Detailed comparison between the results obtained from the fluid models and experiment suggest the models underestimate the spatial extent of the low-temperature region associated with the detached plasma mode. Low-temperature atomic physics processes that are not included in the present models may account for this discrepancy. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871993
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiative divertor plasmas with convection in DIII-D : The 39th annual meeting of division of plasma physics of APS (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 1736-1743 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The radiation of divertor heat flux on DIII-D [J. Luxon et al., in Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), p. 159] is shown to greatly exceed the limits imposed by assumptions of energy transport dominated by electron thermal conduction parallel to the magnetic field. Approximately 90% of the power flowing into the divertor is dissipated through low-Z radiation and plasma recombination. The dissipation is made possible by an extended region of low electron temperature in the divertor. A one-dimensional analysis of the parallel heat flux finds that the electron temperature profile is incompatible with conduction-dominated parallel transport. Plasma flow at up to the ion acoustic speed, produced by upstream ionization, can account for the parallel heat flux. Modeling with the two-dimensional fluid code UEDGE [T. Rognlien, J. L. Milovich, M. E. Rensink, and G. D. Porter, J. Nucl. Mater. 196–198, 347 (1992)] has reproduced many of the observed experimental features. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872842
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MTX diagnostic and timing system for free-electron laser heating experiments : Eighth topical conference on high−temperature plasma diagnostics (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 3274-3276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In the microwave tokamak experiment (MTX) program, we are concentrating on experiments using intense, free-electron laser (FEL) generated microwave pulses. In initial FEL experiments, several diagnostic instruments were operated during injection of microwave pulses with peak powers to 0.2 GW at durations of 10 ns. Fixed and spatially scanning microwave detectors and receivers and a 48-element calorimeter on the inside wall of MTX diagnosed the GW-level FEL microwave pulses. With these diagnostics, linear-wave absorption and efficiencies of transmission through the quasi-optical transport system were studied. In addition, several radially resolved measurements of plasma density, temperature, and emission were made during FEL injection and were used in the analysis of microwave absorption data. A timing system, slaved to the FEL pulse arrival time, is capable of accuracy to a few nanoseconds in order to allow measurement of heating effects on the time scale of a single FEL pulse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141948
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence of focal white matter lesions in a population of hemophiliac children and their normal siblings (2000)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 30 (2000), S. 705-709 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective. This analysis was undertaken to evaluate the etiology and sequelae of 2- to 5-mm focal white matter hyperintensities on T2-weighted MR images of some participants enrolled in the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study (HGDS).¶Materials and methods. The HGDS is a multicenter study of the growth and development, neurological, neuropsychological, and immune functioning of a cohort of children and adolescents, 62 % of whom were infected with HIV through the use of clotting factor concentrates, and their non-hemophiliac, non-HIV infected male siblings. The current investigation was conducted with all three groups of HGDS participants: HIV-positive hemophiliacs (n = 207), HIV-negative hemophiliacs (n = 126), and their siblings (n = 47). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at each center, with a variety of 0.3 to 1.5 T instruments. Standard examinations included 5-mm-thick T1-weighted sagittal and axial images, intermediate, and T2-weighted axial images. A study of abnormalities of the coagulation system known to be associated with thrombotic events was conducted among a subgroup of participants (n = 51) from eight centers.¶Results. Lesions were not associated with hemophilia-related factors, immune function, hematologic, or neurologic factors. There were no associations between the presence of white matter lesions and defects of coagulation in any of the assays completed.¶Conclusion. The 2- to 5-mm focal white matter hyperintensities on T2-weighted MR images of the brain were incidental findings in our study population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002470000290
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