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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lyral® is an important sensitizer in patients sensitive to fragrances (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 141 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Contact allergy to fragrances is a common problem world-wide. The currently used fragrance mix (FM) for patch testing has only eight constituents and does not identify all fragrance-allergic patients. As perfumes may contain 100 or more substances, the search for markers for allergy continues. The synthetic fragrance 4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)-3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (Lyral®) was tested together with the FM and 11 other fragrance substances on consecutive patients in six European departments of dermatology. All patients were carefully questioned regarding a history of reactions to scented products in the past and were grouped into four categories: ‘certain’, ‘probable’, ‘questionable’ and ‘none’. Lyral® (5% in petrolatum) gave a positive reaction in 2·7% of 1855 patients (range 1·2–17%) and ranked next to 11·3% with FM allergy. Twenty-four patients reacted to both Lyral® and FM, but 21 (1·1%) reacted positively only to Lyral®. Of 124 patients with a ‘certain’ history, 53·2% reacted to the FM and a further 7·2% to Lyral® only. If any kind of history of fragrance intolerance was given, 80% (40 of 50) of Lyral® positive patients had a ‘positive’ history while only 58·6% (123 of 210) of FM positive patients had such a history; this difference was significant at P 〈 0·01. Lyral® was identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in some products which had caused an allergic contact dermatitis in four typical patients who showed a patch test positive to Lyral® and negative or doubtful to FM. In conclusion, we recommend the testing of 5% Lyral® (in petrolatum) in patients suspected of contact dermatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.03208.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of nanometer-scale boron phosphide whiskers by vapor–liquid–solid chemical vapor deposition (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4465-4467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Densely packed layers of boron phosphide whiskers have been grown on quartz, tungsten, and graphite substrates by chemical vapor deposition. Nickel and silver acted as liquid forming agents in a vapor–liquid–solid growth mechanism. The formed whiskers have diameters typically between 10 and 5000 nm, depending on the substrate material, the seeding metal, and the synthesis temperature. The length of the whiskers can be as large as 0.1 mm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging revealed that the whiskers are single crystalline with a large number of twin faces. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361759
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser-induced chemical vapor deposition of nanostructured silicon carbonitride thin films (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 544-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Laser-induced chemical vapor deposition of silicon carbonitride thin films has been investigated using a continuous wave CO2 laser in parallel configuration with the substrate. The reactant gases in this process, hexamethyl disilazane and ammonia, are rapidly heated by CO2 laser radiation due to their absorption of the laser energy. Polymerlike silicon carbonitride films or agglomerated nanosized particles are formed depending on process conditions. Dense, smooth films or nanostructured deposits have been synthesized at low substrate temperatures (Ts〈300 °C) on quartz, copper, and silicon and can be obtained with controlled microstructures. Surface morphology, composition, and type of chemical bonding have been studied with electron microscopy and spectroscopic analysis and are correlated to the most important laser process parameters. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy show that the deposits consist of Si–N, Si–C, and Si–O bonds, linked together in a x-ray amorphous, polymerlike structure. The nitrogen content is about 40% and can be varied by adding ammonia to the reactant gas flow. The layers are readily contaminated with oxygen after exposure to air, caused by hydrolysis and/or oxidation. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366669
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photo- and electroreflectance of cubic boron phosphide (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 1660-1663 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In order to reveal the band structure of cubic boron phosphide a photo- and electroreflectance study has been undertaken. Towards this end, epitaxial thin films of this III–V semiconductor are grown on silicon (100) by chemical vapor deposition. Both modulated reflectance techniques reveal a critical point at 4.25 eV. The value of this first direct transition is more than 1 eV lower than previous reports, which are based on transmission spectra. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366881
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C-reactive protein in preterm labour; association with outcome of tocolysis and placental histology (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 96 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tocolytics were administered in 66 consecutive women in uncomplicated preterm labour with intact fetal membranes (53 singleton and 13 twin pregnancies). C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of infection, was determined daily and used retrospectively to investigate the role of subclinical infection in preterm labour and to predict the efficacy of tocolysis and the development of a clinical perinatal infection. CRP was also determined in 66 women in uncomplicated labour at term (53 singleton and 13 twin pregnancies). The placenta was examined for histological evidence of infection in all patients who were delivered bcfore 36 weeks (n=21) and in all women in the control group (n=66). Elevated CRP levels were more often found in patients who were refractory to tocolysis, suggesting an underlying infectious morbidity. Placental infection was found in 62% of the preterm delivery group and in 12% of the control group. There was an association between elevated CRP levels and histological evidence of placental infection. However, confounding factors such as urinary tract infections limit the usefulness of the CRP test. Because CRP cannot predict clinical perinatal infection accurately, its clinical relevance is very limited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1989.tb02391.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Routine patch testing with the sesquiterpene lactone mix in Europe: a 2-year experience A multicentre study of the EECDRG (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 40 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To test the screening value of the sesquiterpene lactone (SL) mix in Europe today and describe epidemiological and clinical features of Compositae-sensitive patients, the SL mix 0.1% pet. was included in the standard patch test series in 11 European clinics. 10,695 patients were tested, and 106 (1%) had positive reactions, 74% of which were of current or old relevance. The prevalence of positive reactions varied between 0.1 and 2.7% in different centres. The median age of the 66 females was 51.5 years, and 55.2 in the 40 males. The 20 occupationally sensitized had a higher % of males and a median age of 43 years, whereas 7 UV-sensitive patients had a median age of 72 years. Garden plants were the major suspected sensitizers and the clinical patterns were partly, in accordance with plant dermatoses in general, involving hands, forearms and face, and partly widespread eczema in a large proportion of the patients. More than 1/3 were positive to perfume and/ or colophony, possibly reflecting cross-reactivity. With only 1 case of active sensitization and no irritant reactions, the SL mix is a safe allergen and the overall prevalence of positive reactions supports its continued use in the standard patch test series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb05994.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contact allergy to antihistamines is not common (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 39 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Topical antihistamines are available as creams, lotions, eyedrops, nasal preparations, aerosols, and suppositories. Antihistamines (or H1-receptor antagonists) have antipruritic properties, a mild local anesthetic effect and may also diminish capillary permeability. They can be classified into 6 groups by their chemical structure (1): alkylamines, ethanolamines, ethylenediamines, phenothiazines, piperazines, and other H1-receptor antagonists. Application to the skin is generally considered to carry an unacceptably high risk of sensitization (1, 2). Recently, several cases have been reported of allergic contact dermatitis from topically-applied doxepin hydrochloride, a tricyclic antidepressant that has very potent antihistaminic activity (3–5).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05817.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occupational dermatitis in a silk-screen maker (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 39 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In silk-screen printing, ink is squeezed through the open meshes of a screen carrying an image, thus transferring the image to the surface below (1, 2). Silk has been replaced by nylon, Dacron®, and polyesters (3). Previously, all the stencils were prepared manually, but now indirect photo-mechanical processing and photo-composition are widely used (2). Thus are printed decals, posters, wallpaper, glass, clothing, printed circuit boards, skis, surfboards, and credit cards (4).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05820.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adverse cutaneous reactions to cosmetic allergens (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 40 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06004.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antimicrobials: preservatives, antiseptics and disinfectants (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 39 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05864.x
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