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  • 1
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 67 (1989), S. 530-534 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hypothyroidism ; Pulmonary circulation ; Pulmonary vascular resistance ; Hemodynamic evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of acute hypothyroidism on the pulmonary circulation was studied in 9 nonobese athyreotic patients by right heart catheterization at rest and during exercise. The patients were studied while they were hypothyroid 2 weeks after ceasing triiodothyronine treatment and while they were euthyroid on replacement therapy. At rest, pulmonary blood flow [4.0±0.6 l/min vs 5.8±1.0 l/min,p〈0.01] and systolic pulmonary artery pressure [18±3 mmHg vs 23±2 mmHg,p〈0.01] were lower when the patients were hypothyroid than when they were euthyroid. The mean and diastolic pressures in the pulmonary artery and the pulmonary capillary pressures were not different among the groups. Likewise, thyroid hormone levels had no significant effect on pulmonary vascular resistance [100±25 dyn-s-cm−5 vs 90±23 dyn-s-cm−5]. With supine exercise, pulmonary blood flow [10.1±1.6 l/min vs. 13.2±2.0 l/min,p〈0.01], mean pulmonary artery pressure [25±6 mmHg vs 30±6 mmHg,p〈0.02], and systolic pulmonary artery pressure [36±6 mmHg vs 44±8 mmHg,p〈0.01] were lower when the patients were hypothyroid. The diastolic pulmonary artery pressure and the pulmonary capillary pressure were similar in both thyroid states. Again, thyroid deficiency had no effect on pulmonary vascular resistance [81±23 dyn-s-cm−5 vs 76±24 dyn-s-cm−5]. The lower systolic pressures in the pulmonary artery seen in hypothyroidism are probably due to the decreased systolic volume load of the pulmonary circulation. The data do not suggest that thyroid hormones play a role in the regulation of pulmonary vascular resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Angina pectoris ; Beta blockers ; Calcium antagonists ; Oxygen uptake kinetics ; Respiratory gas exchange ; Work efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of atenolol, nifedipine, and their combination on gas exchange and exercise tolerance were studied in 27 patients with effort angina and normal global ventricular function in an open-label and randomized cross-over trial. Symptom-limited semi-supine exercise tests using a ramp protocol (20 W/min) with simultaneous breath-by-breath analysis of gas exchange were carried out after a 4-day wash-out period and after consecutive 2-week treatment periods with atenolol (50 mg b.i.d.), slow-release nifedipine (20 mg b.i.d.), and their combination (b.i.d.). Exercise tolerance was not significantly higher with atenolol than with nifedipine [118(24) vs 113(23) W]. Combination therapy [120(23) W] was more effective than monotherapy with nifedipine (p〈0.05) but produced no further increase in exercise tolerance over atenolol monotherapy. Maximum oxygen uptake was not significantly different among the treatments. In the range of light to moderate exercise, the slope of theVO2-workload regression line expressed as ml·min−1·W−1 was lower with atenolol than with nifedipine [8.64(1.59) vs 10.28(1.74),p〈0.005] and intermediate with combination therapy [9.99(1.83)]. The intercept on theVO2 axis was higher with atenolol than with nifedipine [366(111) vs 299(113) ml·min−1,p〈0.05]. A similar pattern of results was seen when the drug effects on the slope of theVCO2-workload relation were analyzed.VE was higher with nifedipine than with atenolol at all points of the regression analysis [〉30 W]. The data suggest that in the dosage used, combination therapy is not more effective than atenolol monotherapy and that the energy cost and the ventilatory requirements for moderate-intensity dynamic exercise are higher with nifedipine than with atenolol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Herpes-Simplex encephalitis ; Intracranial pressure monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A severe herpes simplex encephalitis with documented intra-cerebral lesions and brain edema was treated successfully with acyclovir andβ-interferon. The increase in intracranial pressure during the second week was well controlled by ICP monitoring. Life-threatening pressure peaks were avoided through the use of thiopental, osmodiuretics, TRIS, and lidocaine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 436-440 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Purulent pericarditis ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Pericardial drainage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An atypical presentation of purulent pericarditis caused byStaphylococcus aureus is described. A bacterial etiology was initially not taken into consideration because the clinical course was torpid and afebrile. Therefore, the appropriate treatment was delayed. The patient recovered after percutaneous pericardial drainage of his purulent pericardial effusion and antimicrobial therapy. The importance of a high index of suspicion of a bacterial cause in patients with pericardial effusion of unexplained etiology is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Diabetic cardiopathy ; Radionuclide Ventriculography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Left ventricular function was assessed by means of radionuclide ventriculography in 42 patients with long-standing (13±5 yrs) insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and in eleven healthy age matched control subjects. Only diabetics were included in the study without diabetes related cardiac risk factors such as hypertension and CAD in order to evaluate diabetes specific changes of cardiac function. No differences were seen between diabetics and controls concerning heart rate and functional parameters of left ventricle in systole and diastole. The rapid filling period was not prolonged. According to our radionuclide data there is no evidence of diabetes related impairment of ventricular function in young patients with long-standing type-1-diabetes mellitus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Brain natriuretic peptide ; Chronic renal failure ; Hemodialysis ; Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) plasma concentrations were measured in patients with dialysis-dependent chronic renal failure and in patients with coronary artery disease exhibiting normal or elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (n = 30 each). Blood samples were obtained from the arterial line of the arteriovenous shunt before, 2 h after the beginning of, and at the end of hemodialysis in patients with chronic renal failure. In patients with coronary artery disease arterial blood samples were collected during cardiac catheterization. BNP and ANP concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay after Sep Pak C18 extraction. BNP and ANP concentrations decreased significantly (P 〈 0.001) during hemodialysis (BNP: 192.1 ± 24.9, 178.6 ± 23.0, 167.2 ± 21.8 pg/ml; ANP: 240.2 ± 28.7, 166.7 ± 21.3, 133.0 ± 15.5 pg/ml). The decrease in BNP plasma concentrations, however, was less marked than that in ANP plasma levels (BNP 13.5 ± 1.8%, ANP 40.2 ± 3.5%; P 〈 0.001). Plasma BNP and ANP concentrations were 10.7 ± 1.0 and 60.3 ± 4. 0 pg/ml in patients with normal LVEDP and 31.7 ± 3.6 and 118.3 ± 9.4 pg/ml in patients with elevated LVEDP. These data demonstrate that BNP and ANP levels are strongly elevated in patients with dialysis-dependent chronic renal failure compared to patients with normal LVEDP (BNP 15.6-fold, ANP 2.2-fold, after hemodialysis; P 〈 0.001 or elevated LVEDP (BNP 6.1-fold, ANP 2.0-fold, before hemodialysis; P 〈 0.001), and that the elevation in BNP concentrations was more pronounced than that in ANP plasma concentrations. The present results provide support that other factors than volume overload, for example, decreased renal clearance, are also involved in the elevationin BNP and ANP plasma levels in chronic renal failure. The stronger elevation in BNP concentrations in patients with chronic renal failure and in patients with elevated LVEDP and the less pronounced decrease during hemodialysis suggest a different regulation of BNP and ANP plasma concentrations.[/ p]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Familial hypercholesterolemia ; LDL apheresis ; Coronary artery disease ; Quantitative angiography ; Visual estimation of coronary atherosclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study investigated the effect of extracorporal lipid-lowering therapy by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis on coronary artery disease in a population characterized by early development and rapid progression of atherosclerosis. We treated 32 patients aged between 15 and 63 years with drug-refractory familial hypercholesterolemia, treated once a week by immuno-specific LDL apheresis for 3 years in a controlled prospective and non-randomized trial; 25 patients (14 females and 11 males) completed the study. Noninvasive data were obtained by physical examination, 12-lead ECG and exercise testing. Invasive cardiological data were obtained by cardiac catheterization according to a standardized protocol in four cardiological centers. Left ventricular ejection fraction was calculated using planimetry. Coronary stenoses were measured quantitatively in 23 defined coronary segments by a panel of four investigators with an electronic digital caliper. In addition, overall coronary atherosclerosis was visually qualified. Final decisions on a classification into one of three groups (regression, no change, progression) of coronary atherosclerosis were based on panel consensus. Six cardiac events occurred throughout the study: percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in one patient, coronary bypass grafting in three and two deaths. Statistical analysis of exercise testing yielded no significant change for maximum power and work capacity during the study period. Hemodynamic data revealed no significant change; mean ejection fraction was calculated as 65.8 ± 15.9% at study entry and 67.0 ± 12.7% at completion. Quantitative measurement of 111 circumscribed coronary stenoses showed a mean stenosis degree of 45 ± 26% at entry cineangio-film and 43 ± 22% at final cineangio-film demonstrating no significant change. Eight localized stenoses showed a regression of more than 10% and 11 stenoses a progression of more than 10%. Panel consensus decision for overall coronary atherosclerosis resulted in regression in no patients, no change in 16, questionable progression in 3, definite progression in 5, and undecided in one. We conclude that specific LDL-apheresis therapy can be used effectively for primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Its beneficial effect was the prevention of further progression of coronary artery disease in the majority of the study population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Betablockade ; Ergometrische Belastung ; His-Bündel-elektrographie ; Supraventrikuläre Tachykardie ; Programmierte Stimulation ; Betablockade ; Ergometric Exercise ; His-Bundle Electrography ; Supraventricular Tachycardia ; Programmed Cardiac Stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In a total of 18 patients, 7 females and 11 male patients with ages ranging from 23 to 70 years (mean: 45.5±14.5) diagnostic His bundle studies incorporating programmed atrial and ventricular pacing for the induction of tachycardias was performed before and after betablockade with the cardioselective betablocking agent atenolol, in a dose of 5 mg given iv. over 3 to 5 minutes. In 7 patients the pacing proce-dure could be repeated following ergometric exercise in order to evaluate the influence of a raised sympathetic tone on the conditions initiating paroxysmal tachycardias. At rest, atenolol prevented the pacing induced tachycardias (20 dysrhythmias in 18 patients) in 3/5 individuals with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW)-syndrome, in 4/6 cases with atrial tachycardias, in 4/6 patients presenting atrial flutter, in 2/2 cases developing AV-nodal tachycardias and in 1/1 individual with ventricular tachycardia. Thus, in 13 out of 19 (68%) supraventricular dysrhythmias patients benefitted from atenolol by preventing or controlling the tachycardia. Ergometric exercise changed the tachycardia or echo zone in 5/8 arrhythmias after betablockade when compared to the controls before administration of atenolol (3/5 improvement by narrowing of the tachyor echo zone, 1/5 prevention of tachycardia, 1/5 imairment due to widening of the tachycardia zone). Considering only the prevention of tachycardias, the antiarrhythmic potency of atenolol was improved in one patient with pacing induced flutter and impaired in one individual with a WPW syndrome, by ergometric exercise. These results suggest that atenolol seems to provide a good antiarrhythmic action, especially in supraventricular tachycardias, and that an increased sympathetic tone during exercise may modify the antidysrhythmic strength of betablockade.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei insgesamt 18 Patienten, 7 weiblichen und 11 männlichen Personen, im Alter von 23 bis 70 Jahren (im Mittel 45,5±14,5 Jahre) wurde im Rahmen diagnostisch notwendiger His-Bündel-Elektrographien eine programmierte Vorhof-und Ventrikelstimulation zur Initiierung von Tachykardien vor und nach Gabe des kardioselektiven Betablockers Atenolol in einer iv.-Dosis von 5 mg vorgenommen. Bei 7 Patienten konnte die diagnostische Stimulation unmittelbar nach Beendigung einer ergometrischen Belastung wiederholt werden, um den Einfluß des erhöhten Sympathikotonus auf die Auslösebedingungen für die Tachykardien zu prüfen. Unter Ruhebedingungen verhinderte Atenolol die stimulationsbedingten Tachykardien (20 Dysrhythmien bei 18 Patienten) bei 3/5 Personen mit Wolff-Parkinson-White-Syndrom, bei 4/6 Patienten mit Vorhoftachykardien, bei 4/6 Patienten mit Vorhofflattern, bei 2/2 Patienten mit AV-Knotentachykardie und bei einem Patienten mit ventrikulärer Tachykardie. Somit konnte bei 13 von 19 Patienten mit supraventrikulärer Tachykardie (=68%) die Rhythmusstörung verhindert oder beherrscht werden. Die ergometrische Belastung veränderte die Tachykardiezone oder Echozone bei 5/8 Arrhythmien nach der Betablockade, verglichen mit den Verhältnissen vor Verabreichung von Atenolol (bei 3/5 Personen Verbesserung der Situtation durch Verschmälerung der Tachykardie- oder Echozone, bei 1/5 Verhütung der stimulationsbedingten Tachykardie und bei 1/5 Fällen Verschlechterung durch Verbreiterung der Tachykardiezone). Wenn man nur die Verhinderung von Tachykardien durch die ergometrische Belastung betrachtet, so wurde die antiarrhythmische Wirkung von Atenolol bei einem Patienten mit Vorhofflattern verstärkt und bei einem Patienten mit WPM-Syndrom vermindert. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen die gute antiarrhythmische Wirkung des Betablockers Atenolol bei supraventrikulären, stimulationsinduzierten Tachykardien. Außerdem geht aus den Resultaten hervor, daß ein erhöhter Sympathikotonus unter körperlicher Belastung die antiarrhythmische Potenz einer Betablokkade mit Atenolol modifizieren kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 425-427 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Prenalterol ; Nierenhämodynamik Reninfreisetzung ; Noradrenalin ; cAMP ; Prenalterol Renal hemodynamics Renin release ; Norepinephrine ; cAMP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In healthy volunteers, the effects of prenalterol, a new β1-adrenoceptor agonist, on renal hemodynamics, excretory function, plasma-renin-activity, plasma cAMP concentration, and plasma and urinary norepinephrine were studied. Besides an increase in blood pressure, which was adjusted to about 20 mmHg above the resting values, and an increase of heart rate, prenalterol induced only transient decreases of urinary volume and free water clearance and in increase of sodium excretion. The other parameters measured did not change. Thus prenalterol mainly exerts positiv inotropic and chronotropic effects and does not affect renal circulation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei gesunden Freiwilligen wurde der Einfluß des neuen β1-Rezeptoren Agonisten Prenalterol auf die renale Hämodynamik und Ausscheidungsfunktion, auf die Reninfreisetzung, zyklisches AMP im Plasma sowie die Noradrenalin-Konzentration und -Ausscheidung untersucht. Außer einem Anstieg des Blutdrukkes, der auf Grund der gewählten Prenalterol-Dosierung etwa 20 mmHg betrug, und einer Zunahme der Herzfrequenz, bewirkte Prenalterol einen nur vorübergehenden Abfall des Harnminutenvolumens und der Freiwasser-Clearance sowie einen Anstieg der Natrium-Ausscheidung. Die übrigen gemessenen Größen veränderten sich nicht. Somit besitzt Prenalterol überwiegend positiv inotrope und chronotrope Effekte und beeinflußt die Nierenfunktion nicht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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