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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 54 (1976), S. 389-390 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Pharmakokinetik ; Herzglykoside ; Serum-Digoxin-Spiegel ; Serum-Digoxin-Halbwertszeit ; Neugeborene ; Pharmacokinetics ; Cardiac glycosides ; Serum digoxin concentration ; Serum digoxin half-life ; Newborns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Serum digoxin concentration and half-life were radioimmunologically determined in 9 mature newborns after 7 days medication with digoxin. The newborns were in respiratory distress treated with continuous positive airway pressure or were suspected to have serious congenital heart disease. Loading dose was 26 µg/kg body weight intravenously and 35 µg/kg body weight orally, respectively. Maintenance dose corresponded to 1/8th of the digitalization dose twice daily. The serum digoxin level 12 h after the last dose varied between 1.4 and 2.5 ng/ml (mean 2.0 ng/ml, Sx=0.4). The serum half-life of digoxin varied between 21.7 and 42.4 h (mean 30.0 h, Sx=7.7). The mean serum half-life of digoxin of 30 h attained values found in adults without renal disease. This suggests that the serum digoxin levels of newborns which are usually higher if compared with those of adults result from higher digoxin doses per unit body weight and not from diminished digoxin elimination.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 9 reifen Neugeborenen wurden nach 7tägiger Digoxin-Behandlung Serum-Spiegel und Halbwertszeit von Digoxin radioimmunologisch ermittelt. Die Behandlung erfolgte wegen eines Atemnotsyndroms, das mit kontinuierlich positivem Atemwegsdruck behandelt wurde, oder wegen Verdachts auf schwerwiegenden angeborenen Herzfehler. Die Sättigungsdosis betrug 26 µg/kg bei intravenöser bzw. 35 µg/kg bei oraler Applikation. Die Erhaltungsdosis betrug zweimal täglich 1/8 der Aufsättigungsdosis. Die Digoxin-Spiegel 12 h nach der letzten Dosis variierten zwischen 1.4 und 2.5 ng/ml (Mittelwert 2.0 ng/ml, Sx=0.4), die Halbwertszeit zwischen 21.7 und 42.4 h (Mittelwert 30.0 h, Sx=7.7). Die mittlere Halbwertszeit von 30 h liegt in einer Größenordnung, wie sie bei nierengesunden Erwachsenen gefunden wird. Man kann daher vermuten, daß die im Vergleich zum Erwachsenen gewöhnlich höheren Serum-Digoxin-Spiegel des Neugeborenen Folge einer höheren Digoxindosis pro kg Körpergewicht und nicht einer verminderten Elimination sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Neugeborenenurin ; Tabakspezifische Kanzerogene ; Transplazentare Kanzerogenität ; 4-(Methylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanon(NNK)-Metaboliten ; Key words Newborn urine ; Tobacco-specific carcinogen ; Transplacental carcinogenicity ; 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1- butanone (NNK) metabolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background: Cigarette smoking is common during pregnancy and can expose the developing fetus to transplacental carcinogens, but relatively little information is available on fetal uptake of such compounds. It was the aim of the present study to analyze the first urine of newborns of mothers who did or did not smoke for metabolites of the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) as well as nicotine and cotinine. Methods: First urine of newborns was collected and analyzed for two metabolites of NNK. The metabolites are 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its glucuronide, NNAL-Gluc. The analyses were carried out by gas chromatography and nitrosamine-selective detection with confirmation by mass spectrometry. Nicotine and cotinine were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: NNAL-Gluc was detected in 22 of 31 (71%) of the urine samples from newborns of smoking mothers; in 4 cases, NNAL was also detected. Neither of these analytes was detected in the 17 samples from newborns of mothers who did not smoke. NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc levels in the positive quantified newborn urine samples were 0.19±0.14 pmol/ml urine, about 10% of that seen in adult smokers. NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc levels correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked per day during pregnancy (r=0.55; p〈0.005). Nicotine and cotinine levels in the urine of newborns of smoking mothers were also significantly higher than in the urine of newborns of non-smoking mothers and correlated well with levels of NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that two metabolites of the tobacco-specific transplacental carcinogen NNK are present in the urine of newborns born to mothers who smoke cigarettes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Obwohl viele Frauen während der Schwangerschaft rauchen und so der sich entwickelnde Fetus transplazentaren Kanzerogenen ausgesetzt werden kann, ist bislang wenig über die fetale Aufnahme solcher Verbindungen bekannt. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, den Urin von Neugeborenen rauchender und nichtrauchender Mütter auf Metaboliten des tabakspezifischen Kanzerogens 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanon (NNK) sowie Nikotin und Cotinin zu untersuchen. Methode: Die erste Urinprobe reifer Neugeborener wurde gesammelt und auf die NNK-Metaboliten 4-(Methylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanol (NNAL) und dessen Glukuronid, NNAL-Gluc, untersucht. Die Analysen erfolgten mittels Gaschromatographie mit einem Nitrosamin-selektiven Detektor und wurden durch Massenspektrometrie bestätigt. Nikotin und Cotinin wurden gaschromatografisch-massenspektrometrisch analysiert. Ergebnisse: NNAL-Gluc wurde in 22 von 31 Urinproben (71%) von Neugeborenen rauchender Mütter nachgewiesen. In 4 Fällen wurde zusätzlich NNAL entdeckt. Keine dieser Verbindungen war in den 17 Proben von Neugeborenen nichtrauchender Mütter nachweisbar. Die mittlere Konzentration von NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc betrug in den quantifizierbaren Proben 0,19±0,14 pmol/ml Urin, ungefähr 10% des Werts, den man bei erwachsenen Aktivrauchern findet. Die Konzentration von NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc korrelierte mit der Anzahl der Zigaretten, die pro Tag während der Schwangerschaft geraucht worden waren (r=0,55; P〈0,005). Auch die Nikotin- und Cotininkonzentrationen waren bei den Neugeborenen rauchender Mütter signifikant gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe erhöht und korrelierten mit den NNAL- und NNAL-Gluc-Konzentrationen. Schlußfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß 2 Metaboliten des tabakspezifischen, transplazentaren Kanzerogens NNK im Urin von Neugeborenen rauchender Mütter nachweisbar sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 123 (1976), S. 243-254 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Newborn ; Septicemia ; Gram-negative bacilli ; Risk factors ; Symptoms ; Leukocyte counts ; Platelet counts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The case histories of 17 newborns developing septic shock due to gram-negative bacilli were studied for pre- and perinatal risk factors, clinical symptoms, and hematologic changes. Immaturity, resuscitation procedures, and hypothermia on admission were found to be the risk factors most frequently preceding septicemia. A skin color fading and changing from reddish-pink to yellow-green was the most early noticeable clinical symptom in all patients. The total leukocyte counts as well as the relative proportion of bands increased significantly at the onset of illness. When septicemia advanced, a marked drop of leukocytes was found, while the relative proportion of bands increased further. Only 1 in 12 cases showed a decrease in the platelet counts at the height of septicemia. A procedure for the early diagnosis of a neonatal septicemia is proposed: (1) Registration of perinatal risk factors. (2) With perinatal risk factors a skilled and attentive clinical observation is necessary. Particular attention should be paid to changes of skin color. (3) White blood cell picture: (a) every day in patients with perinatal risk factors and (b) every 6 h in patients showing suspicious symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 136 (1981), S. 207-210 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Heptacarpo-octatarso-dactyly ; Hydrocephalus ; Complex malformations of heart and great vessels ; Horseshoe-kidney ; Micro-penis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of heptacarpo-octatarso-dactyly combined with cheilo-gnatho-palato-schisis, hypertelorism, macroglossia, complex malformations of heart and great vessels, horse-shoe-kidney, micro-penis, and penis palmatus is described. To our knowledge, this syndrome has not yet been described in the literature. Some of the features of the case reported overlap with syndromes such as Grauhan syndrome and Meckel syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 138 (1982), S. 331-337 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Neonatal septicemia ; Hematological findings ; Clinical symptoms ; Sepsis score ; Diagnosis, differential diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clinical and hematological findings of 83 newborn infants with septicemia were studied retrospectively. Symptoms before, at the beginning and at the peak of septicemia were studied and a score system was created on the basis of clinical and hematological symptoms. In prospective studies, 39 neonates with sepsis, 183 neonates as control group, 42 with amniotic infection, 28 with postasphyxia syndrome and 28 premature babies with cerebral hemorrhage were investigated. The new sepsis score is helpful for early detection of septicemia and differential diagnosis in newborn infants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Cellular immunodeficiency ; Graft-versus-host reaction ; Blood transfusion ; HLA-typing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A patient with an inborn cellular immunodeficiency syndrome developed a graft-versus-host reaction after a transfusion with packed red cells. This diagnosis was confirmed by skin biopsy and finally proved by tissue typing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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