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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple skin-coloured papules in a child (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 30 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2005.01942.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Psoralen-ultraviolet A-induced erythema: sensitivity correlates with the concentrations of psoralen in suction blister fluid (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 142 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Since the advent of psoralen-ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy, the value of plasma 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) concentrations to predict PUVA-induced erythema has been widely investigated. Plasma 8-MOP concentrations have not been proportional to, and cannot alone predict, the degree of PUVA-induced erythema. We assumed that PUVA-induced erythema was related more closely to psoralen concentrations in the skin tissue rather than those within blood vessels. This study was designed to investigate the correlations between the 8-MOP concentrations in suction blister fluid (SBF) and in plasma, with the degree of PUVA-induced erythema. 8-MOP concentrations in plasma and SBF were measured in 15 vitiligo patients and 11 volunteers. Blood and SBF samples were collected 2 h after taking 8-MOP, and 8-MOP concentrations in plasma and SBF were quantified using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Eleven volunteers were phototested using a series of doses of ultraviolet A at the time of sampling. The erythema responses were estimated visually to determine the minimal phototoxic dose (MPD). SBF 8-MOP concentrations showed a weak positive correlation with plasma 8-MOP concentrations, which means that we could not predict the exact SBF 8-MOP concentrations using the plasma 8-MOP concentrations. The MPD showed a better correlation with the log of the SBF 8-MOP concentration than with that of the plasma 8-MOP concentration. These results show that plasma 8-MOP concentration cannot represent the exact SBF 8-MOP concentration, and that SBF 8-MOP concentrations, which are representative of the skin tissue 8-MOP level, are more closely related to the erythemal sensitivity during PUVA therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03419.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen barriers for SrBi2Ta2O9-based ferroelectric memories (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 1372-1374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on a hydrogen barrier necessary for a conventional passivation process of integrated SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT)-based memories. The passivation process significantly degraded electrical properties of the memories, resulting from hydrogen damage in the SBT capacitors. Metallic films (Ti, TiN, and Al) were investigated as a hydrogen barrier during the passivation process. The Ti(〉500 Å) hydrogen barrier only showed the electrical properties of memories free from hydrogen damage. The formation of stable hydrides and the suppressed diffusion of hydrogen through the Ti films during the passivation processes resulted in sufficient switching polarization, low leakage current, and good reliabilities at high temperature. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1289913
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential in vivo cytokine mRNA expression in lesional skin of intrinsic vs. extrinsic atopic dermatitis patients using semiquantitative RT-PCR (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background A small subgroup of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients with normal serum IgE levels and without specific IgE sensitization has been termed ‘intrinsic type of AD’ (ADi) as a counterpart to the term ‘extrinsic type of AD’ (ADe). However, there are neither molecular markers nor clinically diagnostic tools for distinguishing between ADi and ADe.Objective The present studies were undertaken to clarify the pathogenesis and in vivo cytokine micromilieu of ADi patients in comparison with ADe patients.Methods We used semiquantitative RT-PCR to investigate the expression of various cytokines and assessed the tissue eosinophil counts in skin biopsies from both types of AD patients.Results Although there was no significant difference of cellular infiltrates in the lesional skin between ADe and ADi patients, ADe had significantly increased tissue eosinophilia than ADi. Based on our RT-PCR, the expression patterns of cytokines could be categorized into four groups. The first group includes IL-5, IL-13, and IL-1β, whose levels of mRNA expression were higher in both types of AD patients than non-atopic (NA) subjects, while ADe patients had even higher levels than ADi patients. The second group includes interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-12, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-4, and IL-10, whose levels of mRNA expression were elevated in both types of AD patients without differences between ADe and ADi patients. The third group includes tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), whose mRNA expression was more decreased in both types of AD patients than NA, and the fourth group includes IL-6 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), which did not show any differences among the three groups.Conclusion These current data demonstrate that the expressions of cytokines IL-5, IL-13, and IL-1β mRNA and the number of dermal infiltrating eosinophils are increased in ADe patients compared with ADi patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2003.01782.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DIFFERENTIAL ACTIONS OF THE MEDIAL REGION OF CAUDAL MEDULLA ON AUTONOMIC NERVE ACTIVITIES (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 18 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The inhibitory effects produced by activation of the medial region of caudal medulla on activities of the left and right cardiac sympathetic, vagus and greater splanchnic nerves were studied in chloralose-urethane anaesthetized cats.2. Electrical stimulation of the medial region produced an 80–92% inhibition of the sympathetic nerve activities, and a 45% and 58% inhibition of the left and right cardiac vagal nerve activities, respectively. There were no significant differences between effects elicited in the left and right autonomic nerves. Similar but smaller inhibitory effects were produced by micro-injection of sodium glutamate (0.5 mol/L) or DL-homocysteic acid (50 mmol/L) to the same medullary sites.3. These data suggest that neurons residing in the medial medullary region exert strong inhibitory effects on autonomic nerve activities. Since the vasculature is principally innervated by sympathetic nerves, inhibition of sympathetic nerve activities might be the principal factor responsible for the depressor effects caused by activation of the medial region of caudal medulla. The heart is innervated both by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. Thus, their simultaneous inhibition during activation of the medial region elicits only a weak and variable inhibition of the heart.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1991.tb01392.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ELASTIC BRIDGING FOR MODELING FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION IN A FIBER-REINFORCED TITANIUM MATRIX COMPOSITE (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— A model based upon linear elastic bridging and fiber crack tip shielding is proposed for predicting fatigue crack growth in a SCS-6/Ti-6–4 composite. The model is characterized by the fiber/matrix debond length rather than the fiber/matrix interfacial frictional shear strength used in most current fatigue models. Finite elements combined with fracture mechanics are applied for computing the local stress intensity. The local stress intensity in the matrix is then utilized to predict crack growth in the composite via comparison to monolithic fatigue crack propagation data for a similar Ti-6–4 matrix material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1994.tb00795.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser shock peening on fatigue crack growth behaviour of aluminium alloy (2004)
    PO Box 1354, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2XG, UK. : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The effect of laser shock peening (LPS) in the fatigue crack growth behaviour of a 2024-T3 aluminium alloy with various notch geometries was investigated. LPS was performed under a ‘confined ablation mode’ using an Nd: glass laser at a laser power density of 5 GW cm−2. A black paint coating layer and water layer was used as a sacrificial and plasma confinement layer, respectively. The shock wave propagates into the material, causing the surface layer to deform plastically, and thereby, develop a residual compressive stress at the surface. The residual compressive stress as a function of depth was measured by X-ray diffraction technique. The fatigue crack initiation life and fatigue crack growth rates of an Al alloy with different preexisting notch configurations were characterized and compared with those of the unpeened material. The results clearly show that LSP is an effective surface treatment technique for suppressing the fatigue crack growth of Al alloys with various preexisting notch configurations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.2004.00763.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trichilemmal carcinoma with a cutaneous horn (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 143 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2000.03728.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunophenotyping of inflammatory cells in lesional skin of the extrinsic and intrinsic types of atopic dermatitis (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 151 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  There is a subgroup of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients with normal total and specific IgE levels and negative skin tests towards common allergens. This form of the disease has been referred to as the ‘intrinsic’ form of AD. Although previous studies have demonstrated differences in the cytokine profile between the extrinsic and intrinsic subtypes, the pathogenesis of both subtypes of AD remains unclear.Objectives  To compare the inflammatory micromilieu in both forms of AD.Methods Immunophenotyping of the inflammatory cells was performed in lesional and nonlesional skin from 18 patients with extrinsic and 17 with intrinsic AD.Results  Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a high proportion of CD4+ T cells in the dermis, with a similar CD4/CD8 ratio in the two groups. The expression levels of other T-cell markers and epidermal Langerhans cells were increased in both forms of AD. Although the T-cell repertoires in the two subtypes were similar, dermal infiltration of eosinophils and eosinophil granular proteins was more prominent in the extrinsic type than in the intrinsic type. Eotaxin immunoreactivity was also significantly higher in the extrinsic subtype.Conclusions  The data suggest that although the overall inflammatory microenvironment in the two subtypes appears to be similar, differences in T-cell cytokine production might contribute to the differential tissue eosinophilia in these subtypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06027.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathological parameters determining lesion colours in the naevus of Ota: a morphometric study using computer-assisted image analysis (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 150 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Naevus of Ota manifests various colours ranging from light brown to blue. Naevus colours have been claimed to reflect the depth of melanin pigments but the claim has rarely been substantiated by quantitative studies.Objectives  We attempted both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the naevus of Ota to find out relations between histological patterns or parameters of melanin/melanocytes and lesion colours.Methods  Lesion colours were determined by one of the authors and were confirmed by a separate panel of dermatologists. Forty biopsy specimens of naevus of Ota were evaluated by both computer-assisted quantitative image analysis and a previously proposed conventional pattern analysis.Results  The mean area fraction (AFmean) of melanin, the depth of the maximum area fraction of melanin (level of AFmax) and the depth of the deepest infiltrating melanocyte were significantly greater or deeper for bluish lesions than brownish lesions. Based on the qualitative pattern analysis we found that all the brownish lesions demonstrated superficial dermal melanin pigments, whereas bluish lesions tended to show more heterogeneous histological patterns. Eyelid lesions, all of which were bluish, revealed greater AFmean value than cheek lesions, presenting as either brownish or bluish colours.Conclusions  Quantitative analysis indicated that pigment density measures such as AFmean could be as important as the depth of melanocytes in the explanation of the lesion colours in naevus of Ota. However, qualitative pattern analysis failed to link specific patterns with lesion colours, especially in bluish lesions, probably due to the lack of consideration of the pigment density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05902.x
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