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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular calcium ions as regulators of renal tubular sodium transport (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 847-852 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Intracellular Ca++, Na+, H+ ; Renal tubular sodium transport ; Patch-clamping of amiloride-sensitive Na channels ; Calcium++, Natrium+, H+ intrazelluläre ; Renaler tubulärer Natrium-Transport ; Amilorid-sensitiver Natriumkanal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Übersicht über die Rolle intrazellulärer Calcium-Ionen in der Regulation des Natriumtransportes der Zellen von Nierentubuli. Die Aktivität zytoplasmatischer Calcium-Ionen in den proximalen Tubuli des Necturus liegen unter 10−7 M und können durch eine Absenkung des elektrochemischen Potentialgradienten für Natrium-Ionen über die peritubuläre Zellmembran erhöht werden. Zusatz von Chinidin oder Ionomycin zur peritubulären Flüssigkeit haben den gleichen Effekt. Die Verminderung der peritubulären Natriumkonzentration erhöht (Ca++) und (H+) im Zytosol, Ionomycin, ein Calcium-Ionophor erhöht (Ca++) intrazellulär ohne Verminderung von pHi. Der intrazelluläre Calcium-Ionengehalt ist durch Transportprozesse aufrecht erhalten, die in der Plasmamembran ablaufen sowie in Membranen der intrazellulären Organellen, jedoch sind auch calciumbindende Proteine von Bedeutung. Calcium-Ionen hemmen den Nettotransport von Natrium durch Verminderung der Natriumeintrittsrate über die luminale Zellmembran. Im Sammelrohr wird diese Hemmung zumindesten zum Teil durch eine indirekte Reduktion der Aktivität des amiloridsensitiven Natrium-Kanals bewirkt.
    Notes: Summary This review addresses the putative role of intracellular calcium ions in the regulation of sodium transport by renal tubules. Cytoplasmic calcium-ion activities in proximal tubules of Necturus are less than 10−7 M and can be increased by lowering the electrochemical potential gradient for sodium ions across the peritubular cell membrane, or by addition of quinidine or ionomycin to peritubular fluid. Whereas lowering of the peritubular Na concentration increases cytosolic [Ca++] and [H+], ionomycin, a calcium ionophore, raises intracellular [Ca++] without decreasing pHi. The intracellular calcium-ion level is maintained by transport processes in the plasma membrane and membranes of intracellular organelles, as well as by calcium-binding proteins. Calcium ions inhibit net transport of sodium by reducing the rate of sodium entry across the luminal cell membrane. In the collecting tubule this inhibition is caused, at least in part, by an indirect reduction in the activity of the amiloride-sensitive sodium channel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01725557
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  • 2
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    Changes in Monetary Value and Problems of Conversion (1952)
    Menasha, Wis. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    The Accounting Review. 27:4 (1952:Oct.) 441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-4826
    Topics: Economics
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:5030-1952-027-04-000005
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  • 3
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    Accounting in a Free Economy (1959)
    Menasha, Wis. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    The Accounting Review. 34:3 (1959:July) 442 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-4826
    Topics: Economics
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:5030-1959-034-03-000014
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of glycoprotein synthesis. Characterization of (1 -〉 4)-N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminyltransferases acting on the α-d-(1 -〉 3)- and α-d-(1 -〉 6)-linked arms of N-linked oligosaccharides
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Carbohydrate Research 236 (1992), S. 281-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0008-6215
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0008-6215(92)85022-R
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DIFFERENTIAL ACTIONS OF THE MEDIAL REGION OF CAUDAL MEDULLA ON AUTONOMIC NERVE ACTIVITIES (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 18 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The inhibitory effects produced by activation of the medial region of caudal medulla on activities of the left and right cardiac sympathetic, vagus and greater splanchnic nerves were studied in chloralose-urethane anaesthetized cats.2. Electrical stimulation of the medial region produced an 80–92% inhibition of the sympathetic nerve activities, and a 45% and 58% inhibition of the left and right cardiac vagal nerve activities, respectively. There were no significant differences between effects elicited in the left and right autonomic nerves. Similar but smaller inhibitory effects were produced by micro-injection of sodium glutamate (0.5 mol/L) or DL-homocysteic acid (50 mmol/L) to the same medullary sites.3. These data suggest that neurons residing in the medial medullary region exert strong inhibitory effects on autonomic nerve activities. Since the vasculature is principally innervated by sympathetic nerves, inhibition of sympathetic nerve activities might be the principal factor responsible for the depressor effects caused by activation of the medial region of caudal medulla. The heart is innervated both by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. Thus, their simultaneous inhibition during activation of the medial region elicits only a weak and variable inhibition of the heart.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1991.tb01392.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential in vivo cytokine mRNA expression in lesional skin of intrinsic vs. extrinsic atopic dermatitis patients using semiquantitative RT-PCR (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background A small subgroup of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients with normal serum IgE levels and without specific IgE sensitization has been termed ‘intrinsic type of AD’ (ADi) as a counterpart to the term ‘extrinsic type of AD’ (ADe). However, there are neither molecular markers nor clinically diagnostic tools for distinguishing between ADi and ADe.Objective The present studies were undertaken to clarify the pathogenesis and in vivo cytokine micromilieu of ADi patients in comparison with ADe patients.Methods We used semiquantitative RT-PCR to investigate the expression of various cytokines and assessed the tissue eosinophil counts in skin biopsies from both types of AD patients.Results Although there was no significant difference of cellular infiltrates in the lesional skin between ADe and ADi patients, ADe had significantly increased tissue eosinophilia than ADi. Based on our RT-PCR, the expression patterns of cytokines could be categorized into four groups. The first group includes IL-5, IL-13, and IL-1β, whose levels of mRNA expression were higher in both types of AD patients than non-atopic (NA) subjects, while ADe patients had even higher levels than ADi patients. The second group includes interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-12, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-4, and IL-10, whose levels of mRNA expression were elevated in both types of AD patients without differences between ADe and ADi patients. The third group includes tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), whose mRNA expression was more decreased in both types of AD patients than NA, and the fourth group includes IL-6 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), which did not show any differences among the three groups.Conclusion These current data demonstrate that the expressions of cytokines IL-5, IL-13, and IL-1β mRNA and the number of dermal infiltrating eosinophils are increased in ADe patients compared with ADi patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2003.01782.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathological parameters determining lesion colours in the naevus of Ota: a morphometric study using computer-assisted image analysis (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 150 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Naevus of Ota manifests various colours ranging from light brown to blue. Naevus colours have been claimed to reflect the depth of melanin pigments but the claim has rarely been substantiated by quantitative studies.Objectives  We attempted both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the naevus of Ota to find out relations between histological patterns or parameters of melanin/melanocytes and lesion colours.Methods  Lesion colours were determined by one of the authors and were confirmed by a separate panel of dermatologists. Forty biopsy specimens of naevus of Ota were evaluated by both computer-assisted quantitative image analysis and a previously proposed conventional pattern analysis.Results  The mean area fraction (AFmean) of melanin, the depth of the maximum area fraction of melanin (level of AFmax) and the depth of the deepest infiltrating melanocyte were significantly greater or deeper for bluish lesions than brownish lesions. Based on the qualitative pattern analysis we found that all the brownish lesions demonstrated superficial dermal melanin pigments, whereas bluish lesions tended to show more heterogeneous histological patterns. Eyelid lesions, all of which were bluish, revealed greater AFmean value than cheek lesions, presenting as either brownish or bluish colours.Conclusions  Quantitative analysis indicated that pigment density measures such as AFmean could be as important as the depth of melanocytes in the explanation of the lesion colours in naevus of Ota. However, qualitative pattern analysis failed to link specific patterns with lesion colours, especially in bluish lesions, probably due to the lack of consideration of the pigment density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05902.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen barriers for SrBi2Ta2O9-based ferroelectric memories (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 1372-1374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on a hydrogen barrier necessary for a conventional passivation process of integrated SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT)-based memories. The passivation process significantly degraded electrical properties of the memories, resulting from hydrogen damage in the SBT capacitors. Metallic films (Ti, TiN, and Al) were investigated as a hydrogen barrier during the passivation process. The Ti(〉500 Å) hydrogen barrier only showed the electrical properties of memories free from hydrogen damage. The formation of stable hydrides and the suppressed diffusion of hydrogen through the Ti films during the passivation processes resulted in sufficient switching polarization, low leakage current, and good reliabilities at high temperature. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1289913
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pax-6 Is First Expressed in a Region of Ectoderm Anterior to the Early Neural Plate: Implications for Stepwise Determination of the Lens
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Developmental Biology 162 (1994), S. 181-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-1606
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1994.1077
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple skin-coloured papules in a child (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 30 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2005.01942.x
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