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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 17 (1982), S. 59-64 
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden experimentelle Untersuchungen mitgeteilt, die das Ziel hatten, die Wärmeübertragung an fluchtenden Rohrbündeln dadurch zu verbessern, daß die erste Reihe pyramidenförmige Rauhigkeitselemente erhielt. Gemessen wurde die Wärmeübertragung der ersten Reihe, für verschiedene Rohrabstände. Man fand eine kritische Reynolds-ZahlRe c , oberhalb derer die Wärmeübertragung drastisch um 30% bis 50% anstieg, verglichen mit dem glatten Zylinder, wenn auch der Anstieg im Bereich sehr kleiner Abstände, so wieC y /d×C x /d=1,2×1,2, gering blieb. FürRe〉Re c wandert der Ablösepunkt stromab zu Zentriwinkeln von 120° bis 130°, gemessen vom vorderen Staupunkt, wobei der Formwiderstand abnahm.
    Notes: Abstract An experimental investigation has been conducted for exploring a possibility to improve the heat transfer of tube banks of in-line arrangement, in which the first cylinder was roughened with pyramids. Measured were the heat transfer characteristics of the first cylinder for several cylinder spacings. It is found that there exists the critical Reynolds numberRe c , beyond which the heat transfer rate increases drastically by about 30 to 50% as compared with that for the smooth cylinder, though the increasing rate is small for the case of very narrow spacing such asC y /d×C x /d =1.2×1.2. In the region ofRe〉Re c , the separation point shifts downstream to θ=120° to 130° from the forward stagnation point, and it results in the decrease of the form drag.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 276 (1984), S. 250-252 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Keratin ; Proliferating trichilemmal cyst
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc
    Experimental dermatology 13 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pineal hormone, melatonin exerts many functional effects on mammalian skin (e.g. melanogenesis inhibition, melanocyte growth inhibition, and regulation of seasonal pelage hair growth). However, its cutaneous expression, regulation, and functional role are still obscure. The aim of this study was to check whether murine hair follicles are indeed direct, peripheral melatonin targets which express melatonin membrane receptors (MT1 and MT2) and orphan nuclear receptor α (RORα) which interact with melatonin. Immunohistochemistry revealed that murine hair follicle keratinocytes show both MT1-like immunoreactivity (IR) and ROR-like IR, both of which changed substantially in a hair cycle-dependent manner. Both semiquantitive RT-PCR for MT1 and MT2, and quantitive real-time PCR for MT1, MT2, and ROR on murine skin cDNA revealed that all three genes are transcribed in normal mouse skin in hair cycle-dependent manner. Functionally, melatonin significantly inhibited the constitutional level of epidermal and hair follicle keratinocyte apoptosis in short-term mouse skin organ culture. In conclusion, we here provide evidence that normal murine hair follicles are prominent direct target for melatonin bioregulation which express MT1, MT2, and ROR, at least some of which are functionally active in situ. These receptors are regulated in a hair cycle-dependent manner, suggesting a role of melatonin in hair cycle control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is a cytokine that competitively binds the IL-1 receptor to antagonize IL-1 activity without any agonist function. Previous experiments indicated that the ratio of IL-1ra to IL-1α in the normal stratum corneum (SC) was much higher in the sunexposed face than in the sun-protected area, upper arms. It was also reported by another laboratory that IL-1ra is increased in the lesional skin of psoriatic patients. This study was designed to measure the contents of IL-1α and IL-1ra in non-lesional and pathological SC obtained from inflammatory skin diseases including psoriasis and non-psoriatic dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis. The SC materials were obtained with a noninvasive tape-stripping method. Their soluble fractions were prepared and assayed for IL-1α and IL-1ra by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. As a result we confirmed the previous findings that the ratio of IL-1ra to IL-1α in the normal SC was much higher in the face than in the sun-protected sites, the trunk as well as extremities. Next, we found that IL-1α contents were significantly reduced in the SC samples obtained from inflammatory skin regardless of whether their IL-1ra contents increased or unchanged. Moreover, we noted that an increased ratio of IL-1ra to IL-1α in the SC was not specific to psoriasis, but was also found in other inflammatory skin diseases including atopic dermatitis. This ratio was found to become lower after successful treatment of these skin lesions with topical glucocorticoids. We conclude from these observations that the increased ratio of IL-1ra to IL-1α in the SC is a non-specific phenomenon that can occur in any inflammatory skin diseases regardless of the inflammatory pattern, probably reflecting a skin regulation process against various kinds of inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 16 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Plasma cell orificial mucositis is a benign idiopathic condition of orificial mucous membranes characterized histologically by a dense band-like plasmacytic infiltrate. We studied 8 cases of this disease by immunohistochemical methods for subsets of immunoglobulin-producing cells. The infiltrating plasma cells were found to produce mostly IgG and IgA with the predominance of kappa chain-producing cells over lambda chain-producing cells. This polyclonal plasma cell infiltrate composed of IgG- and IgA-producing cells is in accordance with the pattern observed in the inflammatory infiltrate around certain epidermal neoplasms accompanied by the plasmacytic infiltrate, such as actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease, squamous cell carcinoma, and syringocystadenoma papilliferum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 7 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Recently, decreased interferon - γ (IFN-γ) and increased interleukin (IL)-4 production have been reported in measurements of the content of the cytokines in culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). These data suggest deviation of PBMC into Th2-reactive cells in AD. In the present study, we examined the frequency of IL-2-, IL-4-, and IFN-γ- producing cells in PBMC with flow cytometry. PBMC from 16 patients with AD and 18 healthy controls were stimulated for 2 days with anti-CD3 and IL-2, and further cultured for 4 days with a maintenance dose of IL- 2. Thereafter these cells were restimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13- acetate (PMA) and ionomycin for 4 h in the presence of monensin. After fixation of the cells, the cell membranes were made permeable and intracellular cytokines were stained with anti-IL-2, anti-IL-4 or anti-IFN-γ antibody. Cytokine-producing cells were analyzed by gating CD4+ - or CD8+ -subsets. Thus counted frequency of IFN-γ-producing cells was significantly decreased in CD4+ subsets of AD patients (9.9±7.4%) when compared with that in the controls (20.0±6.7%). There was no significant difference either in the frequency of IL-2- or IL-4-producing CD4+ subsets or in that of CD8+ subsets. Furthermore, in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we also found a decreased production of IFN-γ in the culture of PBMC from AD patients, when compared with those from healthy controls, although it was only at a marginally significant level (P= 0.07). Again there was no increase in IL-4 concentration in AD patients. In addition, we found a weak negative relationship between the disease severity and the frequency of these cells. These results suggest that the decreased frequency of IFN-γ-producing CD4+ cells with subsequently decreased production of IFN-γ play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Gene 25 (1983), S. 155-159 
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: Lethal zygosis ; Streptomyces plasmids ; restriction maps ; streptomycin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Carbohydrate Research 230 (1992), S. 373-376 
    ISSN: 0008-6215
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Carbohydrate Research 265 (1994), S. 323-328 
    ISSN: 0008-6215
    Keywords: Chitinase ; Chitosan ; Hydrolysis ; N-Acetylation ; N-Acetylchitooligosaccbaride
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Carbohydrate Research 261 (1994), S. 297-306 
    ISSN: 0008-6215
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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