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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Gonadotropins ; Hypogonadism ; Pituitary hormone releasing hormones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A patient (19 years old) with Kallmann's syndrome was treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (2.5–16 µg) administered subcutaneously every 2 h using a portable infusion pump. During 42 weeks of treatment testosterone levels and testicular size did not increase sufficiently although no reasons for this insufficient response were detectable. Therefore the regime of controlling and changing the catheter system was intensified. By this means partial occlusions of the catheter were detected and could be corrected. Afterwards testosterone levels increased immediately and persistently to normal values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Critical care ; Aldosterone ; Plasma renin activity ; Cortisol ; Prolactin ; Dopamine treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate the influence of critical illness on plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels and to examine potential inhibitory effects of dopamine therapy on aldosterone responsiveness, we measured plasma renin activity, and potassium and creatinine in serum, as well as the responses of aldosterone, cortisol and prolactin levels to TRH 200 µg i.v. + Synacthen 0.25 mg i.v. in 63 unselected, critically ill patients (32 females, 31 males, aged 18–84 years). Of the patients 19 received dopamine treatment (3–13 µg/kg/min i.v.); 21 of the patients died in the further course of their disease. Plasma renin activity was increased in 66.7% of the patients and aldosterone levels were elevated in 90.5% of the patients. There were correlations (P〈0.05) of lethality with plasma renin activity and cortisol levels and correlations (P〈0.01) of aldosterone concentrations with plasma renin activity and cortisol levels. Whereas dopamine treatment had no inhibitory effect on aldosterone levels before and after stimulation, prolactin stimulation was decreased in dopamine-treated patients. Thus, dopamine does not generally lose its potency of hormone inhibition in critically ill patients, but has no influence on the secondary aldosteronism developing regularly in the early phase of critical illness, which is apparently mainly due to the stimulatory effect of ACTH (or ACTH-related pituitary peptides) and is considered an epiphenomen of the stress mechanisms acting upon the patients in this condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 1353-1355 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Idiopathic edema ; Bromocriptine ; Secondary aldosteronism ; Idiopathische Ödeme ; Bromocriptin ; sekundärer Hyperaldosteronismus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Therapie idiopathischer Ödeme mit Diuretica ist problematisch, da sie die Symptome nicht beseitigt, sondern einen sekundären Hyperaldosteronismus induziert, der die Ödembildung unterhält. Die Beobachtung einer verminderten Dopaminausscheidung bei Patientinnen mit idiopathischen Ödemen läßt einen Behandlungsversuch mit dem oral wirksamen Dopaminagonisten Bromocriptin als sinnvoll erscheinen. Wir behandelten daher neun Patientinnen mit idiopathischen Ödemen mit typischer Symptomatik und mehrjähriger Anamnese mit 2 × 2,5 mg/die Bromocriptin (Pravidel®). Der Therapieerfolg wurde nach der Normalisierung der circadianen Gewichtsschwankungen und dem subjektiven Befinden beurteilt. Sieben Patientinnen zeigten einen guten, eine nur einen unsicheren Therapieerfolg, und eine Patientin brach die Therapie wegen Nausea ab. Vor und während Bromocriptinbehandlung sind Serumelektrolyte, Blutdruck, Plasmareninaktivität und Aldosteron normal. Bromocriptin normalisiert die circadianen Gewichtsschwankungen, ohne das morgendliche Körpergewicht zu senken. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Pilotstudie legen nahe, daß Bromocriptin bei einigen Patientinnen mit idiopathischen Ödemen eine wirksame Alternative zur herkömmlichen diuretischen Therapie sein kann. Es bleibt offen, ob die Bromocriptinwirkung durch einen Dopaminmangel zu erklären ist, oder ob Bromocriptin eine rein symptomatische Behandlung darstellt.
    Notes: Summary The diuretic therapy of patients with idiopathic edema is known to induce a secondary aldosteronism, which perpetuates edema formation and exacerbates the clinical symptoms. The observation of a decreased excretion of dopamine in these patients suggests that a treatment with the orally active dopamine agonist bromocriptine might be beneficial. Nine patients with typical symptoms of idiopathic edema, which had been present for several years, were treated with bromocriptine (Pravidel®) 2 × 2.5 mg/die. The response to therapy was assessed clinically by the normalization of diurnal weight gain and general well-being. Seven patients showed a good response to bromocriptine, in one patient the response was only modest, and in one patient the medication had to be stopped because of nausea. Bromocriptine normalized diurnal weight gain without inducing weight loss. Both without therapy and during bromocriptine treatment electrolytes in serum, blood pressure, plasmareninactivity and aldosterone are within the normal range. From the present pilot study it can be concluded that bromocriptine is an effective alternative to the traditional diuretic therapy in some patients with idiopathic edema. It remains unclear, whether the beneficial effect of bromocriptine reveals a dopamine deficiency, or whether bromocriptine is only a symptomatic treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; Hypertension ; Sodium homeostasis ; Human atrial natriuretic peptide ; Kidney function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Potential impairment of the efficacy of human atrial natiuretic peptide (human ANF-(99-126), hANP), the most potent endogenous natriuretic agent in healthy subjects, was examined in eight male normotensive patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus (aged 22–37 years). After giving informed consent, patients and eight male control subjects (aged 22–28 years) received in a random double-blind study design i.v. bolus injections of 100 µg hANP (Bissendorf peptide) or placebo. At base-line, patients differed from controls in elevated creatinine clearance (P〈0.05) and in mild postprandial hyperglycemia. Whereas the responses of urinary cyclic guanosine monophosphate, the second messenger of hANP, were found to be normal in patients, the diuretic and natriuretic effects of hANP were grossly impaired when compared to controls (P〈0.01); hANP resulted in increased plasma protein concentrations only in controls (P〈0.05 vs patients). In both groups, creatinine clearance remained uninfluenced by hANP. There were similar decreases in plasma renin activity, aldosterone, levels, and blood pressure (systolic more than diastolic) in both groups (P〈0.05 vs placebo). Heart rate and blood glucose remained unchanged. Thus, there is evidence for a decreased responsiveness to hANP exclusively of renal fluid, sodium, and chloride excretion in uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon remain obscure, neither a down regulation at the hANP receptor sites nor an hANP-induced shift from intra- to extravascular fluid volume are likely to be involved in its probably diabetes-specific pathogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Critical care ; Severe non-thyroidal illness ; Free fatty acids ; Thyroid function tests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary As a contribution to the question if the elevated concentrations of free fatty acids in sera of critically ill patients described in literature play a role in the decrease of thyroid hormone levels in these patients, serum levels of the important free fatty acids were measured in 31 patients of our intensive care unit in the course of their disease using gas chromatography. After admission to the ward, only palmitoleic acid was significantly increased compared with 174 control persons, arachidonic acid was not different from the controls, palmitic, stearic, linoleic and linolenic acid were significantly decreased. In the course of the disease, no relevant changes were observed. The 21 patients not surviving their disease showed significantly lowered levels of palmitic, stearic and linoleic acid before death compared with the surviving patients at the end of the observation period. The hypothetical role of single free fatty acids as inhibitors of the binding of thyroid hormones to their transport proteines must be questioned because of the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Octreotide ; Gallstones ; Cholelithiasis ; Gallbladder contraction ; Acromegaly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The frequency of gallstones during longterm treatment with the somatostatin analogue octreotide reported in different studies varies from 0% to 50%, the reason for this variation being unknown. Therefore, we examined 58 acromegalic patients undergoing different treatment regimens for the frequency of gallstones. Thirteen were treated with octreotide, 20 with bromocriptine, and 25 had no medical treatment after successful neurosurgery. Also, 58 patients without known gallbladder disease served as controls. The postprandial gallbladder contraction was also investigated in 27 acromegalic patients (10 with octreotide, 10 with bromocriptine, and 7 with no medical therapy). Ten of the 58 acromegalic patients were found to have gallstones, 4 of 25 receiving no medical treatment, 4 of 20 treated with dopamine agonists, and 2 of 13 treated with octreotide. In 9 of the 58 control patients, gallstones were detected. Although in the octreotide group the gallstones were newly formed under therapy, there was no difference in gallstone prevalence between the different treatment regimens and the control group. However, the postprandial gallbladder contraction was significantly more often inhibited during octreotide therapy, and this effect was most pronounced during the first hours following injection. Differences in the timing of injections therefore may be an explanation of the variable incidence of cholelithiasis in the different studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Acromegaly ; Blood glucose ; Bromocriptine ; Glucose tolerance test ; Insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It is not known whether the beneficial effect of bromocriptine on glucose homeostasis in acromegaly is limited by a certain duration of therapy. To elucidate this problem, oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in 12 acromegaly patients before bromocriptine medication, under therapy (15.0 ± 6.8 mg/day for 12 ± 3 years), and during a 2-week drug withdrawal after long-term treatment. Initially altered glucose tolerance was normalized in 4 of 5 patients under bromocriptine therapy. During drug withdrawal the mean fasting glucose level and the mean glucose concentration at 120 min after oral glucose load increased from 5.05 ± 0.61 to 5.77 ± 0.78 mmol/1 and from 5.61 ±2.05 to 7.55 ± 3.05 mmol/1, respectively. A deterioration in glucose homeostasis was observed in 9 patients, and impaired glucose tolerance was ameliorated (but not to normal range) in 2 when bromocriptine was withdrawn. The proportion of alterations in glucose tolerance during drug withdrawal corresponded to that before the beginning of long-term bromocriptine treatment. Impaired glucose tolerance, observed in 2 patients under bromocriptine treatment, seemed to be compensated because a distinct elevation of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c was not observed. Bromocriptine led to a significant decrease in basal as well as glucose-stimulated insulin levels, and growth hormone secretion during oral glucose load was reduced in all 12 patients. Similarly to the increased growth hormone secretion after drug withdrawal in 11 patients, a rise in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was found in all patients; hereby, the mean insulin levels at 0 and 120 min during oral glucose load rose significantly from 7.5 ± 2.6 to 12.1 ± 5.1 mU/1 (P〈0.01) and from 71.3±52.1 to 101.4±50.7 mU/1 (P〈0.02), respectively. A direct relationship between disturbance in glucose homeostasis and degree of hypersomatotropism was not observed. Our data confirm that the beneficial effect of bromocriptine therapy on glucose homeostasis in selected patients with acromegaly is still present after dopaminergic treatment over a mean period of 12 years. Compared with the published rates on improved glucose homeostasis under octreotide, the effect of bromocriptine seems to be more favorable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: captopril ; congestive heart failure ; plasma aldosterone ; plasma prolactin ; metoclopramide ; dexamethasone suppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After long-term captopril treatment, an inappropriate increase in aldosterone levels has been observed in hypertensive patients. It is not known, whether a similar change would occur in patients with severe congestive heart failure, and whether it is due to a decrease in endogenous dopaminergic inhibition of aldosterone secretion or to aldosterone stimulation by ACTH or an ACTH-related peptide. Therefore, the aldosterone and prolactin responses to metoclopramide have been studied in 10 patients with severe congestive heart failure (NYHA Class III or IV) after 6 months of captopril treatment, before and 11 h after pretreatment with dexamethasone. 7 placebo-treated patients served as double-blind controls. In captopril-treated patients, the supine aldosterone levels exceeded the normal range and were as high as in placebo-treated patients. The responsiveness of aldosterone and prolactin to metoclopramide was not influenced by captopril. Only in the placebo group were the aldosterone levels decreased by dexamethasone. Captopril increased plasma renin activity and serum potassium, and decreased supine epinephrine and norepinephrine and serum sodium. Thus, previous reports of inappropriately high aldosterone levels after long-term captopril treatment were confirmed in patients with severe congestive heart failure. It is concluded that increased aldosterone is due neither to a decrease in endogenous dopaminergic inhibition nor to dexamethasone-suppressible stimulation of aldosterone secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 47 patients with various pituitary tumours plasma cortisol, LH, FSH, prolactin, and GH were measured by radioimmunoassays to investigate anterior pituitary function. In 14 subjects LH-RH and TRH stimulation tests were performed to assess pituitary reserve before, during, and after surgical therapy. The mean cortisol levels were raised during and after the operative procedures until the 14th postoperative days. In patients with functionless tumours the other hormone concentrations remained nearly unchanged and in the normal ranges. After the removal of the tumour a rapid decrease in hormone levels, as might be expected, was rare, with the exception of the GH and prolactin levels in patients with hypersecretion. The postoperative stimulation tests showed a maintained secretory pituitary reserve due to active tissue left behind after operative removal of the tumour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 75 (1997), S. 449-454 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Ultraviolet  ;  Radiation  ;  Pituitary
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A group of 24 healthy young men were evaluated before and after serial suberythematous ultraviolet (UV) radiation: group I, control (no irradiation); groups II and III, 12 radiations in 4 weeks with two different spectra (both containing UV-B). Before the first and 2 days after the last exposure all the volunteers were given an intravenous injection of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH, protirelin 0.2 mg) and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH, gonadorelin 0.1 mg). The serum concentrations of TSH, follicle stimulating hormone, LH and prolactin were measured at 0, 20, 30, 45 and 60 min by radioimmunoassay. Neither basal nor stimulated levels of the pituitary hormones showed significant changes after UV radiation. The results showed that exposure to suberythematous doses of UV did not influence the regulation of pituitary hormones in these healthy individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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