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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Ciclosporin ; Enalapril ; Furosemide ; Verapamil ; Pharmacological interaction ; Heart transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Introduction of ciclosporin A into immunosuppressive therapy is considered a major progress in improving results of organ transplantation. Clinical use of ciclosporin, however, is limited by a low therapeutic index and toxic side effects. Therefore, interactions of ciclosporin with other drugs are clinically important. In our study, we used enalapril, furosemide and verapamil for treatment of arterial hypertension in cardiac transplant recipients and investigated the influence of these drugs on ciclosporin whole blood trough levels. The antihypertensive regimen used in this study normalized blood pressure in each of the 25 patients. Enalapril and furosemide did not influence ciclosporin levels. Adding verapamil, however, resulted in a significant increase of ciclosporin levels, whereas cessation of the drug in one patient treated with verapamil only lowered ciclosporin levels. Thus, when verapamil is introduced or discontinued in patients on ciclosporin, close monitoring of ciclosporin levels and dosage adjustment are necessary. Besides its specific effects verapamil allows reduction of ciclosporin dosage necessary to maintain unaltered levels, which is important regarding cost of therapy. In general, use of any drug with unknown influence on ciclosporin levels requires careful monitoring, even if information exists on other substances of the same group of drugs in this respect. This is especially indicated in drugs known to influence the hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Liver transplantation ; Mesocaval shunt ; Catheter embolization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A preoperatively undetected spontaneous mesocaval shunt lead to impairment of organ function after liver transplantation. Ischemia of the graft due to partial hepatofugal portal flow was demonstrated by color-flow Doppler sonography and angiography. The successful catheter embolization of the mesocaval shunt via a transhepatic approach is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Percutaneous drainage ; Radiologic guidance ; Pleural emyemas/abscesses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Radiologically guided percutaneous catheter drainage was used in 38 patients to treat pleural empyemas (35 patients) and pulmonary abscesses (3 patients). Drainage was successful in 85.7% of empyemas including 11 cases with fistulous communications. Three percutaneously drained pulmonary abscesses required subsequent lobectomy. One patient died during the drainage procedure due to sepsis. No major complications related to the drainage procedure were observed. Guided percutaneous drainage proved to be a safe and successful alternative to closed drainage of pleural fluid collections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Lebertransplantation ; Postoperative Komplikationen ; Interventionelle Radiologie ; Angioplastie ; Stents ; Drainage ; Key words Liver transplantation ; Vascular and biliary complications ; Angioplasty ; Stents ; Drainage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose: Postoperative complications contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of liver transplant patients. The management of these complications requires a multidisciplinary approach in which interventional radiology plays an integral role. Indications, techniques, and results of radiological interventions in the management of the liver transplant patient are presented. Material and methods: During a 10-year period, 52 out of 420 liver transplant recipients underwent radiological interventions, including angioplasty (n = 20), embolization (n = 2), percutaneous drainage (n = 11), and biliary interventions (n = 19). Results: Nine out of ten arterial stenoses located at the anastomoses (n = 8), within the liver (n = 1) and in the coeliac trunk (n = 1) were successfully treated by balloon dilatation. Angioplasty of supra- or infrahepatic anastomotic stenoses of the IVC (n = 5) provided long-term success only in combination with stent implantation. Portal vein stenoses and chronic thrombosis were treated by balloon dilatation and stent insertion via transhepatic catheterization of the portal vein. Late strictures of bile-duct anastomoses can be managed by ante- or retrograde interventions. If biliary complications are related to inflammatory or septic problems, the prognosis of graft survival is poor. Conclusion: Interventional radiological procedures are very useful in the management of vascular and biliary complications after liver transplantation. These techniques provide a cure in many situations, and thus, surgical interventions may be avoided in selected cases.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die komplexe chirurgisch-technische Operation sowie immunologische und ischämieverursachte Probleme tragen zur relativ hohen Komplikationsrate nach Lebertransplantation bei, die grundsätzlich organ- bzw. lebensbedrohlich für den Patienten sind. Interventionelle radiologische Techniken sind aufgrund ihres minimal-invasiven Charakters in der klinischen Versorgung dieser Komplikationen akzeptiert. Über 10 % der lebertransplantierten Patienten im Klinikum Großhadern sind im Verlauf mit vaskulären (n = 22) oder biliären (n = 19) postoperativen Komplikationen einer interventionellen radiologischen Behandlung zugeführt worden. Wichtigste Verfahren sind die Angioplastie (n = 20), die Katheterembolisation (n = 2), die perkutanen Drainageverfahren (n = 11) und Gallengangsinterventionen (n = 19). 20 von 22 vaskulären Interventionen wurden technisch erfolgreich durchgeführt. Für die Langzeitprognose des Organs bzw. der Patienten ist die aktuelle Organfunktion zum Zeitpunkt der Intervention entscheidend; dies entspricht weitgehend den Ergebnissen nach operativen Revisionen. Bei biliär-septischen Komplikationen ist die Organprognose als deutlich eingeschränkt anzusehen. Interventionelle Eingriffe bei Problemen der biliären Anastomosen sind als erster Therapieschritt akzeptiert und können auch in der Langzeitbeobachtung eine zufriedenstellende Problemlösung durch Ballondilatation und Prothesenimplantation gewährleisten. Interventionelle radiologische Techniken spielen in differentialtherapeutischen Überlegungen zur Behandlung postoperativer Komplikationen eine wichtige Rolle. Bei entsprechender Patientenselektion sind sie als erster Therapieschritt einzusetzen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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