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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aflatoxinwirkung bei Tier und Mensch (1973)
    Springer
    European food research and technology 151 (1973), S. 245-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1960 wurde nach einem Massensterben von mehr als 100000 Truthähnen und Enten das Gift des SchimmelpilzesAspergillus flavus, Aflatoxin, entdeckt. Inzwischen ist über die Wirkung dieses Toxins eine Flut von Einzelbeobachtungen an vielen verschiedenen Organismen bekannt geworden. Die Wirkungen lassen rich in vier Gruppen gliedem: 1. Akute Schädigungen (vorrangig der Leber). 2. Cirrhotische Veränderungen (Lebercirrhose). 3. Carcinomatöse Entartungen (Lebercarcinom). 4. Teratogene and genetische Schäden. Trotz intensiver Forschung ist der Wirkungsmechanismus des Aflatoxins noch nicht geklärt. Nachweisbar waren his jetzt Störungen der RNA-Synthese und der Wirkung der RNA-Polymerase sowie eine Bindung des Aflatoxins an die DNA. Unklar ist bis jetzt, ob Aflatoxine selbst oder erst nach metabolischer Transformation oder über eine durch die Aflatoxinwirkung entstandene Substanz ihre Giftigkeit entfalten. Der Stoffwechsel des Aflatoxins zeigt eine Vielzahl von Besonderheiten. Es kann vermutet werden, daß unterschiedliche Gruppen im Molekül für verschiedene Wirkungen verantwortlich sind. Auch der Mensch kann durch Aflatoxin geschädigt werden. Hinweise hierauf geben epidemiologische Untersuchungen über einen Fall einer akuten tödlich verlaufenen Aflatoxinvergiftung beim Menschen, wobei das Aflatoxin aus der Leber isoliert werden konnte (Absicherung des Giftnachweises gelang auch durch Spektralanalyse). Die Prophylaxe von Aflatoxinvergiftungen muß sich auf eine Verhütung des Befalls von Nahrungsmitteln durch die ubiquitär vorkommenden Aflatoxinbildner konzentrieren.
    Notes: Summary Aflatoxin the toxin of the mould aspergillus flavus was discovered 1960 after a general dying of more than 100000 turkeys and ducks. Meanwhile a lot of single observations about the toxic effects in many different organisms has been reported. The effects can be divided into four groups: 1. Acute dammage (specially of the liver). 2. Cirrhotic degenerations (cirrhosis of the liver). 3. Cancerous degenerations (cancer of the liver). 4. Teratogenic and genetic dammages. In spite of intensive researches the mechanism of the aflatoxins is not yet evident. Until now as well disturbances of RNA-synthesis and RNA-polymerase-effect as connection of the aflatoxin to the DNA have been proved. We are in the dark till now about the toxic effects of the aflatoxins whether they depend from the aflatoxins themselves or originate after metabolic transformation or from a substance resulting from aflatoxin action. The metabolism of the aflatoxins shows many particularities. Presumably different groups in the molecular structure are responsible for special effects: Pointing at this fact are epidemiologic researches of a case of an acute aflatoxin poisoning which caused the death of a man. We were able to eluate aflatoxin from the dead person's liver (the identity of aflatoxin was confirmed by spectralanalysis). Prevention of aflatoxin poisoning must be concentrated in averting widely spread aflatoxin producing moulds from food.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01856226
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1, activated by S-9 fractions of human, rat; mouse, rabbit, and monkey liver, towards s. typhimurium TA 98 (1979)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 42 (1979), S. 333-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: In vitro testing ; Carcinogens ; Aflatoxin B ; Salmonella/microsome assay ; Species differences ; Human liver oxigenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A comparison was made of the mutagenicity of AFB, by rat, rabbit, mouse, and monkey liver preparations with that of human liver in the Salmonella/microsome assay using S. typhimurium TA98 as the indicator strain. Equal liver protein concentrations (l.2 mg/plate) were used to determine the number of his+ revertants per nmole of AFB1 induced. These values were for rat, rabbit, mouse, Green monkey and human liver preparations, 573±27, 480±22, 269±8, 233±21 and 36±4, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377788
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Bedeutung der Aflatoxine (1969)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 56 (1969), S. 350-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00596923
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buchbesprechungen (1971)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 58 (1971), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00595040
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bildung Aflatoxin-ähnlicher Substanzen durch Penicillium-Arten (1972)
    Springer
    European food research and technology 150 (1972), S. 153-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Untersuchung von Grießbrei-Kulturen mit 60 Pilzstämmen der Gattung Penicillium ließen sich 23mal fluorescierende Substanzen isolieren, die sich bei der Chromatographie wie Aflatoxine verhielten. Die Überprüfung der UV-Absorption der verdächtigen Substanzen schloß eine Diagnose „Aflatoxine” aus. Mit Hilfe der Chromatogramm-Spektralphotometrie lassen sichAflatoxin-ähnlicheSubstanzen leicht von Aflatoxinen abgrenzen.
    Notes: Summary Investigations of semolina cultures of 60 penicillia molds showed in 23 cases fluorescing substances that had the appearance of aflatoxins in chromatography. UV-absorption of these suspicious substances however excluded aflatoxin diagnosis. Using the chromatogram — spectralphotometry is a sure possibility to distinguish aflatoxin-like substances from aflatoxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01837835
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Literatur (1930)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 80 (1930), S. 82-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01400142
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