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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Type I diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, renal functional reserve, amino acid infusion, glomerular hyperfiltration.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims. This study was to determine whether renal functional reserve (RFR) is present in patients who have suffered long-lasting Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.¶Methods. Renal functional reserve was elicited by a 3-h amino acid infusion (4.5 mg · kg–1· min–1) in 10 patients with nephropathy (DN +) and 10 patients without nephropathy (DN–) who had lived with diabetes for 24 ± 3 and 27 ± 3 years, respectively and in 15 healthy control subjects. Renal functional reserve was calculated as the difference between amino acid-stimulated and baseline glomerular filtration rates (GFR).¶Results. Baseline glomerular filtration rate in DN– patients (106 ± 8) and control subjects (112 ± 3 ml · min–1· (1.73m2)–1) was significantly higher (p 〈 0.01) than in DN + patients (79 ± 7 ml · min–1· (1.73m2)–1). Renal functional reserve was absent in DN + patients, whereas it represented 26 ± 4 % of the baseline in DN– patients and 23 ± 2 % in control subjects. Renal vascular resistance decreased statistically significantly during amino acid infusion in DN– patients and control subjects but not in DN + patients.¶Conclusions/hypothesis. These results indicate that very long-term Type I diabetic patients without diabetic nephropathy still have a normal renal functional reserve. In contrast, this reserve is suppressed in similarly long-term macroalbuminuric and hypertensive patients with overt nephropathy in spite of their remarkably maintained glomerular filtration rate. This opposite impairment supports the interpretation that glomerular hyperfiltration is a determining mechanism in human diabetic nephropathy. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 227–230]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 86-93 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; diabetic nephropathy ; renal functional reserve ; glomerular filtration rate ; amino acid infusion.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to determine whether renal functional reserve (RFR) is altered in insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients according to the stage of diabetic nephropathy. RFR was examined in 33 IDDM patients in similar glycaemic and metabolic control and compared to 12 healthy control subjects, during eight 1 h clearance periods prior to, during and after a 3-h stimulation by amino acid infusion (4.5 mg · kg−1· min−1). RFR was calculated as the difference between stimulated and baseline glomerular filtration rates (GFR). In 14 early normotensive diabetic patients with normal urinary albumin excretion, mean baseline GFR (133 ± 3 ml · min−1· 1.73 m−2) was higher whereas RFR (10 ± 4 ml · min−1· 1.73 m−2) was lower (p 〈 0.05) than in control subjects (113 ± 4 and 28 ± 2 ml · min−1· 1.73 m−2, respectively). In 10 normotensive patients who had lived with IDDM for 16 years and who had microalbuminuria, baseline GFR and RFR (109 ± 7 and 24 ± 6 ml · min−1· 1.73 m−2, respectively) were similar to those in control subjects. In 9 patients who had suffered IDDM for 23 years and had developed macroalbuminuria and hypertension, baseline GFR (78 ± 8 ml · min−1· 1.73 m−2) was lower than in control subjects (p 〈 0.05) and RFR (8 ± 4 ml · min−1· 1.73 m−2) was not significant. In addition, renal vascular resistance decreased significantly during infusion (p 〈 0.05) in microalbuminuric normotensive patients as well as in control subjects (by 9 ± 4 and 11 ± 4 mm Hg · l−1· min−1· 1.73 m−2, respectively) but not in normoalbuminuric normotensive or macroalbuminuric hypertensive patients. These results indicate that microalbuminuric normotensive patients retain a normal RFR, whereas RFR is reduced or suppressed at two opposite stages of the disease: in normoalbuminuric normotensive patients with a high GFR and in macroalbuminuric hypertensive patients with a decreased GFR. This dissimilar impairment reveals permanent glomerular hyperfiltration in both early IDDM without nephropathy and IDDM with overt diabetic nephropathy, but not in IDDM with incipient nephropathy. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 86–93]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 16 (1963), S. 446-451 
    ISSN: 0001-5520
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 18 (1965), S. 482-486 
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 263 (1985), S. 563-569 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Monolayers ; penetration ; sodium cetylsulfate ; phosphatidylethanolamine ; thermodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The penetration of sodium cetylsulfate into monolayers of dipalmitoyl- and dimyristoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine was studied by the measurement of surface and penetration pressures using the vertical plate method of Wilhelmy. The penetration isotherms in two systems were investigated at different initial molecular areasA M : System I: Sodium cetylsulfate/1,2-dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine atA M = 0.85; 0.75; 0.65; 0.55; 0.50; 0.46 and 0.44 nm2 · molecule−1. System II: Sodium cetylsulfate/1,2-dimyristoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine atA M = 0.85; 0.75; 0.60 and 0.55 nm2 · molecule−1. (T=295 K; substrate 0.1 M NaCl) The penetration isotherms (F t vs. logc s ) increase linearly atF t 〉 10 mN · m−1 in system I and atF t 〉25 mN · m−1 in system II. The isotherms of both systems are shifted to lower surfactant concentrations with decreasing molecular area of spread monolayer. A maximum of the slopes (dFt/d logc s )occurs at AM=0.50 nm2 · molecule−1. This behavior is also reflected in the dependenceΔG p 0 (free standard penetration enthalpy) andΓ s (relative surface excess concentration of surfactant) onA M . These changes are related to a different packing of the compounds in the binary penetrated monolayers. In the high pressure region both system are nearly identical. Differences in the low pressure region arise from the penetration into different monolayer states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 260 (1982), S. 1057-1062 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: penetration ; monolayers ; methyl stearate ; polyethyleneglycoldodecyl ether ; demixing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract 1. The penetration isotherms of octaethyleneglycoldodecyl ether and tetraethyleneglycoldodecyl ether in methyl stearate monolayers at different film areas AM were measured at T=295 K. 2. The penetration isotherms of the system methyl stearate/octaethyleneglycoldodecyl ether depended only weakly on the area of methyl stearate. Also, the relative shift of the penetration isotherms, related to the adsorption isotherm, was small. 3. The general penetration behaviour of both the systems methyl stearate/tetraethyleneglycoldodecyl ether and methyl stearate/octaethyleneglycoldodecyl ether was nearly identical. 4. The thermodynamical analysis of the system methyl stearate/octaethyleneglycoldodecyl ether indicated that the components are only partially miscible.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Penetration nichtionischer Octaethylenglycol- und Tetraethylenglycoldodecylether in Monoschichten von Methylstearat bei verschiedenem Flächenbedarf (A M=0,22–2,20 nm2/Molekül) der Monoschichtkomponente wurde beiT=295 K untersucht und in Form von Penetrationsisothermen ausgewertet und verglichen. 2. Die Penetrationsisothermen des Systems Methylstearat/Octaethylenglycoldodecylether sind nur geringfügig vom Flächenbedarf des Methylstearats abhängig. Im Vergleich zur Adsorptionsisotherme des Octaethylenglycoldodecylethers ist die relative Verschiebung der Penetrationsisothermen ebenfalls nur gering. 3. Das generelle Penetrationsverhalten des Systems Methylstearat/Tetraethylenglycoldodecylether entspricht dem des Systems Methylstearat/Octaethylenglycoldodecylether. Dies gibt Hinweise darauf, da\ eine Variation der Zahl der Ethylenoxideinheiten nur untergeordnet den Penetrationsproze\ beeinflu\t. Dies steht im Gegensatz zum Penetrationsverhalten ionischer Tenside. 4. Die Anwendung der Oberflächenphasenregel auf die Flächenabhängigkeit der Penetrationsisothermen ergibt, da\ beide Komponenten nur partiell mischbar sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 36 (1990), S. 226-235 
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Over a period of one year 101 sperm samples from a four year old mouflon ram were analyzed. Along with an estimation of the general health of the animal, an evaluation of the genital organs and rutting behaviour; the ejaculation volume, color, and consistency of the semen samples were determined. Sperm motility, concentration, and per cent abnormal sperm cells were also analyzed. The nonspecific germ content and the hydrogen ion concentration of the semen samples were determined. The samples were obtained using an artificial vagina. The ram showed normal rutting behaviour under these conditions. The results show that the mouflon ram has a physiological resting stage between the beginning of February and the end of April. The data evaluated from the sample obtained during this period cannot negate the fertility of the ram even though no pregnant ewes can be presented as evidence.
    Abstract: Résumé 101 échantillons de sperme recueillis tout au long de l'année sur un bélier de Mouflon, âgé de 4 ans en début de l'expérience, ont été analysés. L'appréciation de l'état général, l'évaluation des organes sexuels de même que le comportement sexuel mis à part, l'on a relevé le volume des éjaculats, la couleur et la consistance des échantillons. En outre, la mortalité des spermies, leur concentration et le nombre de spermatocytes ont été étudiés. D'autre part, la teneur non-spécificque des germes et la concentration en ions Hydrogène des échantillons de sperme ont été relevées. L'éjaculation s'effectua dans un vagin artificiel. Lors de la récolte du sperme, le bélier montra un comportement sexuel non perturbé. Les résultats permettent de conclure que les béliers se trouvent, après la période de rut, dans une phase de repos physiologique allant du début février à la fin avril. Les valeurs relevées au cours de cette période n'excluent pas une capacité génésique des béliers encore qu'on ne puisse faire état, à titre de preuve, d'une gravidité chez l'une ou l'autre brebis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Von einem zu Untersuchungsbeginn vierjährigen Mufflonwidder wurden im Verlauf eines Jahres 101 Spermaproben analysiert. Neben der Einschätzung des Allgemeinbefindens, der Bewertung der Geschlechtsorgane sowie des Paarungsverhaltens sind Ejakulatvolumen, Farbe und Konsistenz der Spermaproben erfaßt worden. Des weiteren wurden Motilität der Spermien, Spermienkonzentration und Anteil anomaler Samenzellen untersucht. Außerdem wurden der unspezifische Keimgehalt und die Wasserstoffionenkonzentration der Spermaproben ermittelt. Die Absamung erfolgte in eine künstliche Vagina. Bei der Spermagewinnung zeigte der Widder ein ungestörtes Paarungsverhalten. Die Ergebnisse lassen den Schluß zu, daß der untersuchte Muffelwidder von Anfang Februar bis Ende April einer physiologischen Ruhephase nach der Brunft unterliegt. Die in dieser Zeit erhobenen Werte schließen ein Befruchtungsvermögen des Widders nicht aus, wenngleich hierzu keine tragenden Mutterschafe als Beweis zur Verfügung stehen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 324 (1963), S. 112-112 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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