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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of a virion envelope herpes simplex virus vaccine against experimental skin infections in hairless mice (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 68 (1981), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hairless mice were immunized with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) envelope antigen (EAG), EAG in association with polyriboinosinic · polyribocytidylic acid-poly-L-lysine complexed with carboxymethylcellulose (PICLC), and inactivated purified HSV-1 (VAG). After 2 weeks the mice were challenged by a percutaneous HSV-1 infection in the orofacial (OF) or lumbosacral (LS) skin area. Following immunization a consistent cell-mediated immune response was observed in all immunized mice, although the humoral immune response was very low, or not detectable. After challenge, a marked secondary humoral and cell-mediated immune response developed in all immunized mice, and the animals were protected against the development of skin lesions and the fatal outcome of infection. However, the establishment of latent infections in the sensory ganglia was not prevented by the immunization procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01314437
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IgM detection byELISA in the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infections in homosexual and heterosexual immunosuppressed patients (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 78 (1983), S. 203-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new commercially developed cytomegalovirus (CMV)-IgM ELISA was found to be sensitive and specific when compared with sucrose gradient fractionation of Ig classes in CMV antibody-positive and negative sera. The presence of CMV IgM in patients' sera correlated with positive virus isolation from circulating mononuclear blood cells and urine. Serial examinations of patients with primary or recent CMV infection revealed a typical sequence of IgM and IgG development. The frequency of CMV isolation declined as the concentration of IgM decreased and the IgG levels increased. Since the isolation of CMV from clinical specimens is a cumbersome procedure, we suggest that the IgM ELISA could provide rapid and valuable information on the presence of an active or reactivated CMV infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01311315
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the lymphocytein vitro response to rubella antigen and phytohemagglutinin by a whole blood method (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 52 (1976), S. 323-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A whole blood culture method was used to study lymphocytein vitro responses to rubella antigen and to phytohcmagglutinin (PHA) in rubella infection. The acute phase of infection in four cases was characterized by high spontaneous incorporation of14C-thymidine in the cultures, unresponsiveness of lymphocytes to rubella antigen, and absence of response, or relatively low response, to PHA. Cells showing vigorousin vitro response to rubella antigen appeared at about two weeks after the onset of rash. Lymphocyte PHA response returned to normal by day 31. Three rubella vaccinees exhibited a similar response. The use of whole blood lymphocyte cultures stimulated with multiple doses of mitogen and with antigen appears to be a promising technique for studies of “general” and “specific” cell-mediated immunity in viral infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01315621
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutability towards L plaque character of the ECHO virus 19 S particles (1968)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 23 (1968), S. 313-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The experimental conditions suitable forS→L mutation rate determination in ECHO virus 19 were investigated. Selection curves ofL mutants during multicycle growth andS→L mutation rate determinations in single cycle growth of clonalS virus populations were performed on monkey kidney cultures with and without human embryo extract and, respectively, calf serum added as well as on human embryo cultures. The mutation rate values obtained varied for the sameS clone with the selective effect of the host cell-medium system used even in single cycle growth experiments. On human embryo cultures (selectively favouringL particles) mutation-rate values were the highest, while on monkey kidney cells in the presence of human embryo extracts (with stabilizing effect onS virus) these values were lowest. Finally on unsupplemented monkey kidney cultures intermediate mutation rate values were recorded. It thus seems impossible to establish the exact role of mutation and that of favouring or limiting effects of selection in theS→L shift of ECHO virus 19 populations during in vitro passages. These findings also suggest that actualS→L mutation rate values could be obtained only on host cell systems selectively “neutral” for parentalS and mutantL particles. The impossibility to resolve this vicious cycle —i.e. necessity to know the rate of a mutational event prior to its determination — imposes specification of the host cell medium system in studies in which mutation rate determinations are performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242127
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Value of the fluctuation test for establishing the origin of agar-resistant L particles emerging in S subclones of ECHO virus 19 (1969)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 28 (1969), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the authors was to verify the value of the fluctuation test as a criterion to differentiate between mutational versus adaptive origin of variants emerging in genetically pure virus populations. Mutation from the S to L plaque character in ECHO virus 19 was investigated. Several tests on S parental virus stock subcultures obtained under single cycle growth conditions in tubes and a single test on 59 subclones of the same virus population representing isolated plaques harvested after 5 days' multiplication were performed. Nine out of the 11 tests in the first series exhibited a distribution of the number of mutants characteristic of induced adaptive processes. In only two tests of the first series and in the test performed with fiveday old subclones, mutant distribution was of the clonal type and accordingly χ2 and F test significant. The possible explanation of the low incidence of “explosive” mutant clones is discussed and it is suggested that in its present form the fluctuation test as applied to viruses may yield nonsignificant results although true mutation is present. Accordingly, under these conditions the test does not offer a sensitive enough criterion for ascertaining the mutational origin of virus variants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01250839
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low level rubella immunity detected by ELISA and specific lymphocyte transformation (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 66 (1980), S. 321-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The level of humoral and cell mediated immunity in persons with low or undetectable hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) rubella titers was investigated by ELISA, IgG presence in sucrose gradient separated serum fractions and lymphocyte transformation. The study population consisted of persons with stated history of natural rubella infection and rubella vaccinees. Persons with natural rubella infection and HAI titers of 1:8 or ±1:8 (i.e., incomplete HAI at serum dilution of 1:8) were all ELISA positive and the stimulation index (SI) of specific lymphocyte transformation was higher than 2.5. Among the 20 persons with HAI titers of 〈1:8, 8 were found to be ELISA positive and their SI was also 〉2 and IgG was detected in their serum. Rubella vaccinees with HAI titers of 1:8 or ±1:8 were likewise ELISA positive. Their SI was lower: none higher than 3, but none lower than 1.5. Among 23 HAI negative vaccinees, 14 were found ELISA positive. This serum fraction contained IgG and the SI was 〉1.5. It appears that ELISA test is able to detect antibodies where the HAI test fails. The positive outcome of ELISA test in this case was confirmed by the presence of IgG in serum fractions and by the lymphocyte response to rubella specific stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01320628
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IgM detection by ELISA in the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infections in homosexual and heterosexual immunosuppressed patients (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 80 (1984), S. 349-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01311224
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