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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protectivity of herpes simplex virus antigens: Studies in mice on the adjuvant effect of PICLC and on the dependence of protection on T cell competence (1981)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 169 (1981), S. 225-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The efficacy of a herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) envelope antigen (EAG) preparation against HSV infection was studied in T cell competent and T cell deficient mice. Immuno-competent mice were successfully protected against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2) infection when immunized 2 weeks prior to this infection with a heat-inactivated whole virus preparation or a HSV-1 envelope antigen (HSV-1 EAG) preparation. Since HSV-1 EAG was considerably less effective than the whole virus preparation, a polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid complex with poly-L-lysine and carboxymethylcellulose (PICLC) was used as adjuvant. Immunization with HSV-1 EAG plus PICLC resulted in a pronounced increase of this protection rate as compared with that obtained after immunization solely with HSV-1 EAG. PICLC alone, however, offered no protection when given 2 weeks before challenge. In T cell deficient nu/nu mice no protection was achieved with HSV-1 EAG while their T cell competent, heterozygous littermates were protected. From these results it may be concluded that T cell competence is a prerequisite for establishing a protective immunity against HSV infection after immunization with HSV-1 EAG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02125522
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IMMUNE MODULATING EFFECTS OF POLY ICLC (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 350 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb20604.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HUMAN FIBROBLAST AND HUMAN LEUKOCYTE INTERFERON: THEIR DIFFERENCES IN CELL GROWTH INHIBITION ACTIVITIES ON LYMPHOBLASTOID CELLS (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 350 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb20689.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivität verschiedener Primatenzellen und animaler Viren gegenüber der antiviralen Aktivität von menschlichem Leukocyteninterferon (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 48 (1975), S. 203-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary U cells (a permanent, human amnion cell line) were protected against infection with Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) by human interferon (HIF) from peripheral leukocytes. Despite the usual genus-specific action of interferons, mouse L929 cultures (a permanent mouse fibroblast cell line) were also protected by HIF. The antiviral action of HIF in six other primate cell cultures was also examined. It is of interest that two lymphoblastoid cell lines, RPMI 1788 and Kaplan, were insensitive to HIF. The sensitivity of ten different viruses against HIF in primary African green monkey kidney cell cultures was compared. Among the viruses tested SFV was the most sensitive whereas two strains of vaccinia virus were barely inhibited. In contrast, type 1 herpes simplex virus was relatively sensitive to the action of HIF.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung U-Zellen (permanente, menschliche Amnionzellen) lassen sich durch Human-interferon (HIF) aus peripheren Leukocyten gegenüber Vermehrung von Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) gut schützen. Im Gegensatz zur genusspezifischen Wirkung von Interferon läßt sich in Mäuse-L929-Zellkulturen (permanente Mäusefibroblastenlinie) ebenfalls ein Schutzeffekt beobachten. Die antivirale Aktivität von HIF gegenüber sechs weiteren Primatenzellkulturen wurde untersucht. Besonders auffallend ist dabei, daß die beiden lymphoblastoiden Zellinien RPMI1788 und Kaplan nicht geschützt werden können. Der Vergleich der Sensitivität von 10 verschiedenen Viren gegenüber HIF in primären Nierenzellkulturen grüner Meerkatzen ergibt eine Abstufungsreihe mit SFV als sensitivstem und zwei Vacciniavirusstämmen als kaum hemmbaren Vertretern. Hierbei überrascht die geringe Hemmbarkeit der Vacciniavirusstämme im Vergleich zu Herpes simplex Virus Typ 1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01317963
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of a virion envelope herpes simplex virus vaccine against experimental skin infections in hairless mice (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 68 (1981), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hairless mice were immunized with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) envelope antigen (EAG), EAG in association with polyriboinosinic · polyribocytidylic acid-poly-L-lysine complexed with carboxymethylcellulose (PICLC), and inactivated purified HSV-1 (VAG). After 2 weeks the mice were challenged by a percutaneous HSV-1 infection in the orofacial (OF) or lumbosacral (LS) skin area. Following immunization a consistent cell-mediated immune response was observed in all immunized mice, although the humoral immune response was very low, or not detectable. After challenge, a marked secondary humoral and cell-mediated immune response developed in all immunized mice, and the animals were protected against the development of skin lesions and the fatal outcome of infection. However, the establishment of latent infections in the sensory ganglia was not prevented by the immunization procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01314437
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity of various human lymphoblastoid cells to the antiviral and anticellular activity of human leukocyte interferon (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 54 (1977), S. 271-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Of eight lymphoblastoid cell lines studied five were insensitive to both the anticellular and antiviral activities of human leukocyte interferon, and two were sensitive to both activities. One line could not be fully evaluated since it was not possible to study its sensitivity to the antiviral activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01314795
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Escherichia coli-derived envelope protein gD but not gC antigens of herpes simplex virus protect mice against a lethal challenge with HSV-1 and HSV-2 (1990)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 179 (1990), S. 145-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunization studies with HSV-1 and HSV-2 envelope proteins expressed in Escherichia coli were performed. After active immunization of mice with a gD-1 antigen (Leu53-Ala312) expressed as a fusion protein, the animals were protected from a lethal challenge with HSV-1 and HSV-2. In addition, antisera from rabbits immunized with the same gD-1 antigen also conferred passive immunity to mice against a challenge infection with either HSV-1 or HSV-2. In contrast to these successful gD-1 protection experiments, various gC-1 and gC-2 fusion proteins from E. coli failed to induce protective immunity. Moreover, the mice sera from immunized animals were not able to react with the authentic, glycosylated gC-1 and gC-2 envelope proteins, whereas sera raised against authentic gC-1 and gC-2 glycoproteins do recognize the gC fusion proteins from E. coli. These results indicate, that E. coli might represent an ideal system for expressing gD antigens as a possible component of a HSV vaccine, whereas gC antigen cannot be produced in an immunocompetent form in E. coli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202392
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of different modes of immunization on the experimental genital Herpes simplex virus infection of mice (1981)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 169 (1981), S. 269-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous investigations, which simulated the usual sequence of the humanHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, had shown that the oral infection of mice with HSV-1 caused only weak protection from genital infection with HSV-2, although the course of infection was attenuated and lethality diminished. This heterologous, heterotopic model was compared with a homologous, heterotopic and a heterologous, homotopic model. The results did not differ very much, although the homologous immunization protected best from lethal outcome, the homotopic immunization best from local infection. Three different preparations of a killed vaccine from purified HSV-1 virion had little effect on the course of the local infection, although protection from lethal outcome was as good as with live virus. In contrast, a crude UV-inactivated vaccine protected nearly completly from local infection. Latent infection in the lumbosacral ganglia was significantly inhibited by immunization with live virus, but only sligthly prevented by killed vaccine. The prevalence of latent infection correlated with the extent of vaginal infection. The results show that neither the viral type nor the inoculation site used for immunization with live virus are very critical. Moreover, they allow the conclusion that generalized type-dependent immune factors seem to be engaged in protection against lethal disease; these may be circulating humoral antibodies. On the other hand, locally induced immune factors (probably cellular) are apparently of prime importance for the protection from acute local and latent ganglionic infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02125526
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of interferon on the replication of oncogenic herpesviruses in tissue cultures and in nonhuman primates (1974)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 160 (1974), S. 285-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Empfindlichkeit von H. saimiri (HVS) und H. ateles (HVA) gegen menschliches Interferon (HIF) wurde in OMK-Zellkulturen untersucht. Beide onkogenen Herpesviren sind wenig empfindlich gegen Interferonaktivität. Die Virusvermehrung konnte inhibiert werden, wenn die Zellen mit hohen Interferonmengen vorbehandelt wurden. Das Ausma_ des Schutzes gegen HVS wurde verbessert, wenn die Zellen nach der Infektion in Interferon gehalten wurden. Die Virusvermehrung während der Kokultivation von lymphoiden Carrier-Zellen mit empfänglichen Indicatorzellen wurde mit HIF inhibiert, das über die Indicatorzellen wirkt. Der übergang des HVS-Genoms in den lymphoiden Zellen aus der latenten Phase in das produktive Stadium konnte durch Interferon nicht beeinflu\t werden. Hohe Dosen von HIF schützten nicht vor dem malignen Lymphom, das in Affen durch HVS und HVA induziert wird. Die überlebenszeit nach Infektion mit HVS war in den mit HIF behandelten Tieren verlängert. Die durch HVA induzierte Tumorentwicklung konnte durch HIF nicht beeinflu\t werden.
    Notes: Abstract The sensitivity of H. saimiri (HVS) and H. ateles (HVA) to human interferon (HIF) was determined in owl monkey kidney (OMK) cell cultures. Both these oncogenic herpesviruses are relatively insensitive to the action of interferon. The virus multiplication could be inhibited when the cells were pretreated with high concentrations of interferon. The degree of protection against HVS was improved when the cells were kept in interferon medium after challenge with the virus. The replication of HVS during cocultivation of lymphoid carrier cells with permissive indicator cells was inhibited with HIF, which only acted on the indicator cells. The transition of the HVS genome in the lymphoid cells from the latent — into the productive stage could not be inhibited by interferon. High dosages of HIF did not prevent malignant lymphoma induced by HVS or HVA in nonhuman primates. The survival time after infection with HVS was prolonged in one of the HIF treated monkeys while tumor development induced by HVA could not be influenced by HIF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02121444
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth inhibition of human lymphoblastoid Daudi cellsin vitro by interferon preparations (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 51 (1976), S. 87-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Human interferon (HIF) preparations inhibited the propagation of Daudi cells in stationary suspension cultures, while a control preparation showed no such effect. The growth inhibition (= anticellular) activity of differently pretreated HIF preparations was determined by the reduction of14C-labelled thymidine (14C-TDR) uptake in a microassay system. These studies demonstrated that the degree of anticellular activity is directly proportional to the antiviral activity of different HIF preparations. These preparations were obtained from peripheral leukocytes (lHIF) or diploid fibroblasts (fHIF). Together with gel chromatography results, and the sensitivity of the anticellular activity to tryptic digestion and heat inactivation, these results suggest that the anticellularly active substance is a protein which is very similar to, or identical with, interferon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01317837
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