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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-energy diffuse scattering electron-spin polarization analyzer (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 1314-1323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new, compact (approximately fist sized), efficient electron-spin analyzer is described. It is based on low-energy (150 eV) diffuse scattering from a high-Z target, for example, an evaporated polycrystalline Au film opaque to the incident electron beam. By collecting a large solid angle of scattered electrons, a figure of merit S2I/I0=10−4 is achieved with an analyzing power S=0.11. The figure of merit degrades only marginally (〈10%) for beams with an energy width of 40 eV or after one month of operation at 10−8 Torr. The electron optical acceptance is of order 100 mm2 sr eV. The details of the design and construction are discussed and its performance is compared to six other spin analyzers. Illustrative results are presented from an application to scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis (SEMPA) to image magnetic microstructure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138595
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved low-energy diffuse scattering electron-spin polarization analyzer (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An improved low-energy diffuse scattering electron-spin polarization analyzer is described. It is based on the low-energy (150 eV) diffuse scattering of polarized electrons from polycrystalline evaporated Au targets. By collecting large solid angles and efficiently energy filtering the scattered electrons, a maximum figure of merit, FOM=S2I/I0=2.3×10−4 is achieved. Maximum measured values of the Sherman function were S=0.15. Further, the instrumental (false) asymmetry due to changes in the trajectory of the incident electron beam has been minimized by balancing the angular and displacement asymmetries. A total residual scan asymmetry as low as 0.0035/mm has been measured over 4-mm scan fields at the Au target in the detector. This instrumental asymmetry would produce a maximum error in the polarization in a SEMPA experiment of less than 0.3% for a 100-μm full-field scan. Details of the design and performance of the new detector are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140575
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spin sensitivity of a channel electron multiplier (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 506-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We report direct measurements of the sensitivity of a channel electron multiplier to electrons with different spin orientations. Four regions of the multiplier cone were examined using polarized electrons at 100-eV incident energy. Pulse counting and analog modes of operation were both investigated and in each case the observed spin effects were less than 0.5%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139876
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic microstructure of the (0001) surface of hcp cobalt (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 2553-2555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic domain structure of the (0001) surface of a hcp cobalt crystal was investigated using scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis (SEMPA). This is the first observation by SEMPA of both out-of-plane and in-plane magnetization components. The perpendicular magnetization imaged with SEMPA showed a branched structure very similar to that previously observed by magneto-optic Kerr microscopy. In addition, a previously unobserved in-plane magnetic substructure was measured. The in-plane magnetization is divided into well-defined submicron domains that appear to reflect the sixfold symmetry of the crystal surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101979
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic moments in Cr thin films on Fe(100) : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6201-6203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetism at the surface of a Cr film grown epitaxially on a Fe(100) whisker is observed as a function of Cr thickness by scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis. Use of a wedge-shaped film of linearly increasing thickness allows the magnetism to be followed continuously for 75 Cr layers. Over the temperature range measured from just below the Néel temperature of bulk Cr, TN, to 1.8 TN, the surface magnetic moment is seen to persist and change direction with each additional Cr layer, but there are phase slips in this antiferromagnetic ordering. These are consistent with an incommensurate spin density wave (SDW) in the Cr film having a wavelength of 40 layers at TN. An irregularity in the antiferromagnetic stacking order in the first four layers is discussed and the behavior of the moments at the subsequent phase slip is examined. The limitations which prevent the determination of the surface magnetic moment from the spin polarization of secondary electrons are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352697
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraviolet photoabsorption by halocarbons 11 and 12 from electron impact measurements (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 257 (1975), S. 376-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We have obtained oscillator strength distributions for a number of molecules4-5 from high quality electron energy-loss spectra. Previous studies have shown excellent agreement (better than ±15%) between electron impact and optical values below 15 eV, that is, for wavelengths longer than 80 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/257376a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Domain images of ultrathin Fe films on Ag(100) (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 52 (1988), S. 1918-1920 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Scanning electron microscopy with electron polarization analysis has been used to image domains of ultrathin Fe films grown epitaxially on a Ag(100) substrate. Room-temperature measurements show clearly the existence of large domains of in-plane magnetization for film thicknesses of 3.4 monolayers or more. No in-plane domains were observed for thinner films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99616
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanostructure fabrication via laser-focused atomic deposition (invited) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6079-6083 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nanostructured materials and devices will play an important role in a variety of future technologies, including magnetics. We describe a method for nanostructure fabrication based on the use of laser light to focus neutral atoms. The method uses neither a mask nor a resist, but relies on the direct deposition of atoms to form permanent structures. Since the atomic de Broglie wavelength is of picometer order, the size of structures produced is not significantly limited by diffraction, as in optical lithography. Lines as narrow as 38 nm full width at half maximum spaced by 213 nm have been produced and we have demonstrated the production of a two-dimensional array of dots. The highly parallel process of nanostructure formation and the intrinsic accuracy of the optical wavelength that determines structure spacing suggest a number of interesting applications, including calibration standards for various types of microscopy, lithography, and micromeasurement systems. Possible magnetic applications include the production of arrays of magnetic elements, laterally structured giant magnetoresistive devices, and the patterning of magnetic media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362099
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oscillatory exchange coupling in Fe/Au/Fe(100) : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6437-6439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis was used to investigate the interlayer exchange coupling in Fe/Au/Fe(100) sandwich structures. The films were epitaxially grown on single-crystal Fe(100) substrates. Electron diffraction measurements revealed that the Au spacer film grew with a surface reconstruction consistent with that observed for bulk Au crystals. The exchange coupling oscillates between primarily ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupling for Au spacer layers up to 65 layers (13 nm) thick, but a significant biquadratic coupling component was also observed. The oscillatory coupling exhibited two components with periods of 2.48±0.05 layers (0.506±0.010 nm) and 8.6±0.3 layers (1.75±0.06 nm). The measured periods are in excellent agreement with those calculated from spanning vectors of the Au Fermi surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356954
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hot electron spin-valve effect in coupled magnetic layers : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6452-6454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: SEMPA observations of magnetic exchange coupling in the Fe/Ag/Fe, Fe/Au/Fe, and Fe/Cr/Fe systems reveal an intensity variation in the emitted secondary electron signal that depends only on whether the Fe layers are coupled in a ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic sense. We ascribe this new effect to spin dependence in the transport of electrons between the two magnetic layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356959
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