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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 2 (1993), S. 317-324 
    ISSN: 0926-2040
    Keywords: ^1H^2^7Al CP-MAS ; ^2^3Na MAS ; ^2^3Na quadrupolar nutation NMR ; adsorption ; γ-alumina
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics Letters 208 (1993), S. 311-314 
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 2 (1993), S. 97-103 
    ISSN: 0926-2040
    Keywords: Al"2O"3 ; SiO"2 ; ^1H spin diffusion ; adsorption ; charcoal
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4216-4220 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the ohmic contact formation mechanism of the low resistance (∼1×10−6 Ω cm2) Au/Ge/Pd contact to n-GaAs annealed at 175 °C. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry were utilized in this study. It is found that the solid phase regrowth process, interdiffusion between Au and Ge, and the enhancement of the conductivity of the excess Ge layer are responsible for the observed low contact resistivity. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 1763-1771 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of strain-induced band-gap modulation has been studied in a GaAs/AlGaAs multiple-quantum-well structure with the wells located at various depths in the structure. The energy change in the quantum wells was calculated based on simple elasticity theory and measured using photoluminescence on the structure where a thin-film stressor array was deposited. Metallic thin-film stressors were made by conventional thin-film deposition techniques followed by photolithography. It was found that the elasticity theory describes the energy changes reasonably well in comparison with the experimental results. For stressor layers that react with the heterojunction structure, the situation was more complex and requires more detailed analysis. Based on the calculated and experimental results it appears possible to fabricate quantum wire with lateral dimensions of less than 100 nm using thin-film technology and e-beam lithography. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the use of thin film technology to introduce controllable and thermally stable stress into semiconductor heterostructures. Two simple schemes are used. The first scheme is to use interfacial reactions between a metal and the substrate, such as Ni, Co, Pd, and Pt on GaAs/AlGaAs. The induced stress in the structure is reproducible and controllable because the volumetric change for a given reaction is fixed, as long as the deposited film is fully reacted to form a compound. The stability of the stress depends on the stability of the compound. In the case of Ni and Co on GaAs/AlGaAs, the induced stress is thermally stable up to 600 °C. Evaporated films and reacted films are usually under tension. The second scheme is to use rf sputtered W or WNi alloy films where W or WNi is sputtered onto a negative dc biased substrate. This scheme effectively provides highly compressed films. The thermal stability depends on the concentration of Ni in the WNi alloy. Using the two schemes above, we have fabricated low-loss (∼1 dB/cm at 1.52 μm wavelength) photoelastic waveguides in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures, and explored the interrelationship between the photoelastic waveguide characteristics and the stress. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 2056-2060 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Single-element contacts, Pd or Ni, on various p-InP substrates grown by liquid-encapsulation Czochralski (LEC) and by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition were investigated. Pd or Ni contacts on the substrates supplied by one certain manufacturer were found to be ohmic with a minimum contact resistivity of ∼5×10−5 Ω cm2 after annealing between 420 and 500 °C. However, ohmic behavior was not observed for these contacts on other substrates. Hall measurement, double-crystal x-ray diffractometry, and photoluminescence technique were used to evaluate the substrates. It was speculated that existence of intrinsic defects, such as P vacancies and other possible defects, in p-InP grown by LEC method may be responsible for the observed difference in ohmic behavior. A defect-assisted tunneling mechanism is proposed to account for the observed ohmic behavior of single-element contacts on certain p-InP substrates. This approach is potentially useful for making ohmic contacts to other compound semiconductors. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 8040-8046 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Self-aligned silicidation is a well-known process to reduce the source, drain, and gate parasitic resistances of submicron metal-oxide-semiconductor devices. This process is particularly useful for devices built on very thin Si layer (∼1000 Å or less) on insulators. Since the amount of Si available for silicidation is limited by the thickness of the Si layer, once the Si in the source and drain region is fully consumed during silicidation, excessive silicide formation could lead to void formation near the silicide/silicon interface beneath the oxide edge. In this article, we study the effects of different metals (Ti, Ni, Co, and Co/Ti bilayer) with varying thickness on the formation of voids. A change in the moving species during lateral silicide formation was found to be the likely cause for the voids, even if the metals are the moving species during silicidation in the thin film case. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 881-886 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electrical characteristics of Ni and NiSi Schottky diodes on n-GaN have been investigated as a function of annealing. Ni diodes were found to be stable up to 500 °C for 1 h in sequential annealing, with a barrier height φ (I–V) of 0.8–0.9 eV and an n factor of ∼1.1. The barrier height deduced from C–V measurements, φ (C–V), was typically 0.15 eV higher than φ (I–V). At 600 °C the diodes failed, and Ga was found to migrate into the Ni layer. NiSi diodes were stable up to 600 °C for 1 h, φ (I–V) was found to be about 0.8–1 eV with an n-factor of about 1.15. The value of φ (C–V) was between 0.3 to 0.6 eV higher than φ (I–V), consistent with the notion of the presence of a thin insulating layer at the NiSi/GaN interface. The electrical characteristics obtained in this study are also compared with those obtained for Pt and PtSi Schottky diodes on n-GaN. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 8047-8051 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Self-aligned silicidation is a well-known process to reduce source, drain, and gate resistances of submicron metal-oxide-semiconductor devices. This process is particularly useful for devices built on very thin Si layers (∼1000 Å or less) on insulators because of the large source and drain resistances associated with the thin Si layer. NiSi is a good candidate for salicidation process due to its low resistivity, low formation temperature, little silicon consumption, and large stable processing temperature window. In this article, the formation of nickel mono-silicide (NiSi) using rapid thermal annealing, the thermal stability of NiSi on n+ poly-Si and the contact resistance of NiSi on n+ Si layers in a SIMOX structure were investigated. NiSi salicidation process was, then, incorporated into a NMOS/SIMOX device fabrication for partial and full consumption of the Si in the source and drain regions during the salicidation process. The effects of void formation and silicide encroachment on the device performance were also studied. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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