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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Malabsorption ; madigestion ; cirrhosis of the liver ; retinol ; retinol-binding-protein ; prelabumin ; Malabsorption ; Maldigestion ; Leberrcir hose ; Retinol ; Retinol-bindendes-Protein ; Praealbumin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Normalpersonen und Patienten mit Malabsorption, Maldigestion und Lebercirrhose wurden vor und nach oraler Belastung mit 600 000 E Vitamin-A-palmitat bzw. wasserlöslichem Vitamin A im Serum der Spiegel des Vitamin A (Retinol), des Retinol-bindenden Proteins (RBP) und Praealbumin bestimmt. In der Kontrolle steigt das Retinol nach Belastung signifikant an und erreicht nach 5 Std sein Maximum. Das RBP liegt im Mittel bei 42,25 mg/L, der Praealbuminspiegel bei 400 mg/L. Patienten mit Malabsorption und Lebercirrhose zeigen vor und nach Belastung mit Vitamin-A-palmitat einen gegenüber der Kontrolle verminderten Retinolspiegel. In der Gruppe der Maldigestion ist der Nüchternspiegel des Retinols normal. Nach Belastung mit Vitamin-A-palmitat ist auch hier der Anstieg des Retinols gegenüber der Kontrolle vermindert. Nach wasserlöslichem Vitamin A kommt es nur in der Kontroll-gruppe und bei Patienten mit Maldigestion zu einem Anstieg des Retinols im Serum. Das RBP ist bei Malabsorption und Maldigestion normal oder sogar erhöht, bei Lebercirrhose signifikant vermindert. Das Praealbumin liegt bei Malabsorption im Normbereich, bei Lebercirrhose ist es deutlich vermindert. Eine auffällige Korrelation zwischen Retinol und RBP besteht lediglich bei Normalpersonen vor Belastung mit Vitamin A. Bei allen anderen Gruppen konnten keine Zusammenhänge gesichert werden. Das gleiche gilt für RBP und Praealbumin. Aufgrund dieser Befunde wurde neben einer verminderten Resorption von Vitamin-A-palmitat eine Störung der Abgabe von Retinol aus der Leber bei den Patientengruppen diskutlert.
    Notes: Summary Serum levels of vitamin A (retinol), retinol binding protein (RBP) and prealbumin after oral loading tests with vitamin A palmitate and water soluble vitamin A were estimated in healthy persons and patients with malabsorption, maldigestion and cirrhosis of the liver. In controls serum levels of retinol significantly increased from fasting average amounts of 1.24 µmol/l to maximum levels at 5 hours after application of the oral dosis. RBP averaged 42.25 mg/l, prealbumin 400 mg/l. Fasting patients with malabsorption and liver cirrhosis had lower serum retinol levels as compared to controls. After oral loading this group showed a significantly lower increase in serum retinol thin control subjects. Fasting patients with maldigestion had normal serum retinol levels, which foiled to rise to normal levels after oral loading. Water soluble vitamin A lead to increase serum retinol levels only in controls and patients with maldigestion. Serum RBP and prealbumin in malabsorption and maldigestion were normal or elevated, however significantly decreased in liver cirrhosis. A correlation between retinol and RBP was found in fasting controls only. In all other groups analogous correlations could not be established for vitamin A as well as RBP and preablumin. The results in patients groups may be explained by impaired resorption of vitamin-A-palmitats from the gut and disturbances in release of retinol from the liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 45 (1967), S. 950-953 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Three methods for the determination of creatinine in serum have been compared. The method using adsorption on fuller-earth and the method, using tetraphenyloborate, yield the same results. The mean value of the serum creatinine concentration of 300 males with no signs of renal failures has been found to be 0,72 mg/100 ml Serum. The corresponding value for 260 females was 0,60 mg/100 ml. The results of the Jaffe-reaction with no preliminary separation are too high by about 0,15 mg/100 ml but the amount is very variable. This error is caused by non-creatinine-chromogens. A reliable factor for correction cannot be mentioned, since the concentration of these non-creatinine-chromogens is very variable. The Jaffe-reaction should better be used as screening test only, therefor. If greater accuracy is desired creatinine must be determined by means of specific methods, e.g. after separation from substances that interfere with the Jaffe-reaction.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Drei Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Kreatinin im Serum werden verglichen. Die Fullererde-Methode und das Tetraphenyloborat-Verfahren liefern übereinstimmende Werte. Bei 300 nierengesunden Männern wird im Mittel ein Serumkreatiningehalt von 0,72 mg/100 ml, bei 260 nierengesunden Frauen im Mittel ein Gehalt von 0,60 mg/100 ml gefunden. Die Jaffe-Reaktion ohne vorherige Abtrennung des Kreatinins ergibt bei der Serumanalyse Nierengesunder um etwa 0,15 mg/100 ml zu hohe Werte, die durch Nichtkreatininchromogene bedingt sind. Weil die Konzentration dieser Stoffe sehr unterschiedlich ist, kann ein zuverlässiger Korrekturfaktor nicht angegeben werden. Die Jaffe-Reaktion hat demnach nur die Bedeutung eines Suchtests. Für anspruchsvollere Zwecke muß Kreatinin auf spezifischere Weise — etwa nach vorheriger Abtrennung — bestimmt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Zinc deficiency ; Complete parenteral nutrition ; Acrodermatitis enteropathica ; Pharmacokinetic ; Zinkmangelsyndrom ; komplette parenterale Ernährung ; Acrodermatitis enteropathica ; Pharmakokinetik
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein 29jähriger Patient mit einem Morbus Crohn und einer posthepatitischen HBsAg-positiven Leberzirrhose entwickelte während einer kompletten parenteralen Ernährung einen Zinkmangel, nachgewiesen durch einen auf 12 µg/dl erniedrigten Plasmazinkspiegel. Aus Analysen der Zinkkonzentration in Infusionslösungen, wie sie bei dem Patienten angewendet worden waren, ließ sich zurückrechnen, daß über einen Zeitraum von 3 1/2 Monaten nur etwa 0,5 mg Zink pro Tag zugeführt worden waren. Das klinische Bild glich dem der Acrodermatitis enteropathica. Als Mitursache für die Manifestation des Zinkmangelsyndroms muß bei dem Patienten ein durch Leberzirrhose und Morbus Crohn bedingter latenter Zinkmangel diskutiert werden. Sechs Bolusinjektionen von insgesamt 144 mg Zink in Einzelfraktionen von 12–36 mg Zink hoben den Plasmazinkspiegel auf Werte zwischen 60–80 µg/dl an. 52% des zugeführten Zinks wurden innerhalb des Untersuchungszeitraumes von 13 Tagen renal eliminiert, wobei die Zink-Eliminationshalbwertzeit aus dem Plasma berechnet aus den 6 gemessenen Eliminationskurven unabhängig von der Zinkausgangskonzentration war und im Mittel 1,55±0,22 h betrug. Es wird gefolgert, daß ein klinisch manifester Zinkmangel bei künstlicher Ernährung mit zinkarmen oder zinkfreien Lösungen dann entsteht, wenn gleichzeitig andere zu einer negativen Zinkbilanz führende Störungen vorliegen, und daß bei wahrscheinlich langdauernder kompletter parenteraler Ernährung von Beginn an Zink substituiert werden soll.
    Notes: Summary A 29 year old patient with Crohn's disease and posthepatitic HBsAg-positive cirrhosis developed zinc deficiency in the course of complete parenteral nutrition. Zinc deficiency was proven by a low plasma zinc level of 12 µg/dl. The daily input of zinc was 0.5 mg as calculated from the zinc concentration of infusion solutions used in parenteral nutrition during 3 1/2 months of treatment. The clinical picture was that of acrodermatitis enteropathica. Cirrhosis of the liver and Crohn's disease were contributory causes of zinc deficiency. 6 bolus injections of 12–36 mg of zinc (total amount 144 mg) were given during 13 days. The plasma zinc level increased to 60–80 µg/dl. 52% of the total amount of zinc injected were excreted by urine. The plasma half-life times of zinc were independent from basic zinc concentrations and averaged 1.55±0.22 h. It is concluded that severe signs of zinc deficiency will develop during parenteral nutrition in the presence of conditions leading to a negative zinc balance. In the case of long-term complete parenteral nutrition zinc should be substituted from the beginning of the treatment on.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 349-356 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Dicoumarol ; coumarin ; anticoagulants ; tolbutamide ; drug interactions ; anticoagulant action
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of repeated administration of tolbutamide on the elimination and anticoagulant action of a single oral dose of dicoumarol 600 mg was studied in four healthy male subjects using a crossover design. In all subjects the plasma concentration of dicoumarol in the postabsorptive phase was lower during concomitant tolbutamide treatment. However, the subjects differed with respect to the elimination kinetics of dicoumarol and the effect of tolbutamide on some of the measured pharmacokinetic paramaters. In two subjects dicoumarol was eliminated by apparent first-order kinetics. Tolbutamide led to a pronounced increase in the elimination rate and a shift in the plasma concentration-response relationship towards a lower concentration of dicoumarol. The total hypoprothrombinaemic effect per dose of dicoumarol was not affected. The decline in the dicoumarol concentration in plasma in the other two subjects was concentration-dependent. Apparent first-order kinetics were observed only at plasma concentrations below 10 mg/L. Tolbutamide treatment did not markedly affect the slope of the terminal portion of the plasma concentration vs. time curve, but diminished the area under the total curve. The plasma concentration-response relationship of dicoumarol was not affected by tolbutamide, but there was a small decrease in the area under the anticoagulant effect vs. time curve. The plateau level of tolbutamide in plasma increased considerably in all subjects after administration of one dose of dicoumarol. Thus, simultaneous administration of tolbutamide and dicoumarol to man often causes no changes in the anticoagulant activity of dicoumarol, but this is due not to lack of interaction of the drugs but to the complexity of their interactions, involving processes that may counteract each other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron 49 (1993), S. 1619-1624 
    ISSN: 0040-4020
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0040-4020
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron 47 (1991), S. 2835-2842 
    ISSN: 0040-4020
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0040-4020
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron 48 (1992), S. 117-122 
    ISSN: 0040-4020
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 2145-2147 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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