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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 97 (1975), S. 681-682 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 93 (1971), S. 3802-3803 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Essential hypertension ; Hereditary salt sensitivity ; Membrane transport ; Intracellular electrolytes ; Essentielle Hypertonie ; Hereditäre Salzsensitivität ; Membrantransport ; Intrazelluläre Elektrolyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Auf Grund von oszillometrischer Blutdrucklangzeitmonitorisierung und biochemischen Untersuchungen an einer großen Anzahl von normotensiven Probanden mit und ohne positiver Familienanamnese von Hochdruck, sowie an einer großen Anzahl von unbehandelten Hochdruckkranken, die wir alle vor und nach diätetischer Intervention mit Änderung der Natriumzufuhr untersucht haben, haben wir Vorstellungen zur Pathogenese der essentiellen Hypertonie entwickelt, die in einigen Punkten von den heute gängigen Hypothesen abweichen: Wir konnten demonstrieren, daß normotensive Probanden mit familiärer Hochdruckbelastung nach Kochsalzrestriktion von 200 mmol auf 50 mmol täglich über zwei Wochen mit einem minimalen Blutdruckabfall von im Mittel 2,9±0,7 mmHg (±SEM) reagieren, während Normotensive ohne familiäre Hochdruckbelastung keine Blutdruckänderung nach Kochsalzrestriktion zeigen (Blutdruckänderung des arteriellen Mitteldrucks −0,93±0,67 mmHg, n.s.). Diese Blutdruckänderung nach Salzrestriktion bei Probanden mit hereditärer Hochdruckbelastung war nur durch die oszillometrische Monitorisierung des Blutdrucks, nicht jedoch durch sphygmomanometrische Messung derselben erfaßbar. Entgegen unserem Erwarten zeigten jedoch weder Gesunde mit familiärer Hochdruckbelastung noch Probanden, die einen Blutdruckabfall auf Kochsalzrestriktion aufwiesen, eine Veränderung der intrazellulären Natriumkonzentration, der Natrium-Kalium-Pumpe und des Natrium-Kalium-Contransports. Auch konnten wir bei familiärer Hochdruckdisposition keine plasmatische Beeinflussung der Natrium-Kalium-Pumpe nachweisen. Hingegen fanden wir bei Gesunden mit familiärer Hochdruckbelastung bei identischen Plasmaund Harnkatecholaminen eine erhöhte Empfindlichkeit gegenüber infundiertem Noradrenalin. Zusätzlich fanden wir indirekte Hinweise dafür, daß salzsensitive Probanden effektivere Mechanismen der Natriumrückresorption proximal vom distalen Tubulussystem aufweisen. Wir propagieren, daß eine intrinsisch erhöhte noradrenerge Empfindlichkeit des Menschen, die eventuell auch zusätzlich durch psychologische Faktoren ausgelöst oder verstärkt werden könnte, zur Salzsensitivität prädestiniert, indem dadurch die Rückresorption von Natrium an der Niere verstärkt wird. Bei Hochdruckkranken fanden wir jedoch in Übereinstimmung mit anderen ausgeprägte Zellmembrandefekte. So fand sich bei etabliertem Hochdruck eine erhöhte Permeabilität der Zellen gegenüber Rubidium (und damit gegenüber Kalium), sowie eine wahrscheinlich kompensatorisch erhöhte Pumprate der Natrium-Kalium-ATPase. Die Pumprate war umso höher, je höher der basale Blutdruck der Patienten war. Bei Hochdruckkranken läßt sich auch tatsächlich nachweisen, daß die im artefiziellen Medium erhöhte Pumprate der Na — K-Pumpe durch die Inkubation der Erythrozyten in ihrem eigenen Plasma auf die Norm zurückgebracht („gehemmt“) wird. Aus der Tatsache, daß sich die beschriebenen Veränderungen des Membrantransportes nicht bei Familienangehörigen von Hochdruckkranken, sondern erst bei etabliertem Hochdruck nachweisen lassen und dann mit dem Schweregrad der Hypertonie progressiv zunehmen, schließen wir, daß diese Veränderungen nichtUrsache sondernFolge des Hochdruckes sind, was sicher zu einer weiteren Verschlechterung des Hochdruckleidens beitragen könnte.
    Notes: Summary Based on oscillatory long-term blood pressure recordings and on biochemical findings in 62 normotensive and 54 untreated hypertensive subjects, who were investigated during their usual high sodium diet and after moderate salt restriction, we have developed a concept for the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, which differs from current concept proposed by others: We demonstrated that normotensive subjects with a positive family history of hypertension respond to sodium restriction from 200 to 50 mmol/day over 2 weeks with a minute fall of mean blood pressure of 2.9±0.7 mmHg (±SEM), whereas in subjects with a negative family history of hypertension blood pressure remained unchanged (−0.93±0.67 mmHg). This difference was only revealed by computing the “basal blood pressure average” from 240 heart beats, but not by conventional sphygmomanometric blood pressure measurements. Normotensives with heredity of hypertension or “salt sensitive” normotensive subjects were not different from subjects with a negative family history in the sodium pump, Na-K-cotransport or intracellular sodium and potassium of erythrocytes. In contrast, the former group had an increased sensitivity to infused noradrenaline, which might be responsible for enhanced tubular sodium reabsorption in subjects with a positive family history of hypertension (or “salt sensitive” subjects). We only found an increased K-permeability of red cells in established hypertension, which was compensated for by a an increased activity of the sodium pump. These cell membrane defects were more pronounced in more severe hypertension. In the course of essential hypertension a cell membrane defect may develop as a consequence rather than a cause of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 197 (1963), S. 474-475 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Standard communications receivers, suitably modified, were used in conjunction with single folded dipole aerials to record signals at frequencies close to 18 and 22 Mc/s, at a site (A) near Grahamstown, South Africa. Another standard communications receiver, with an eight-dipole broadside array, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section A 290 (1977), S. 233-252 
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Keywords: Nuclear reactions
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Bioenergetics 1186 (1994), S. 43-51 
    ISSN: 0005-2728
    Keywords: (M. luteus) ; ATP-synthase ; Co-reconstitution ; Inhibitor protein ; Temperature dependence ; δ-Subunit ; ε-Subunit
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty children aged 2–66 months were randomly allocated for airway management with either the laryngeal mask airway or uncuffed tracheal tube using intermittent positive pressure ventilation with a tidal volume of 8 ml.kg−1 and a respiratory rate adjusted to maintain end-expiratory carbon dioxide concentration at 5.3 kPa. Induction was with fentanyl/propofol and maintenance was with sevoflurane 2.5% in oxygen/air. The airway device was removed when the patients were awake and the patients were transferred to the postanaesthesia care unit 10 min later. Air was sampled from a point 1.5 m above the floor at a location remote from the ventilation outlet and analysed using a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer capable of continuous trace gas analysis at the parts per billion volume (ppbv) level. The concentration of sevoflurane was recorded every minute during three consecutive phases: for 5 min before the introduction of sevoflurane (background); after introduction of sevoflurane until removal of the airway device (intra-operative); and every minute after removal until the concentration returned to background levels. Median (interquartile range [range]) intra-operative sevoflurane concentrations were 200–400 times higher than background values for the laryngeal mask airway 1 (1–2 [0–3]) ppbv vs. 404 (278–523 [83–983]) ppbv, respectively, and the tracheal tube 2 (1–3 [0–5]) ppbv vs. 396 (204–589 [107–1735]) ppbv (both p 〈 0.0001), and returned to background values within 5 min of removal. There were no differences in sevoflurane concentration between devices intra-operatively or after removal. The performance of the proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer was identical at the start and end of the 30-day study. We conclude that peri-operative sevoflurane concentration in a modern operating theatre is similar for the laryngeal mask airway and the uncuffed tracheal tube in paediatric patients receiving intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Intra-operative sevoflurane concentrations are five times lower than occupational safety limit requirements, and 1000 times lower 5 min after removal of the airway device with the patient awake. The proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer has potential for monitoring air quality in the operating theatre.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Personnel working in operating theatres and recovery rooms are exposed to a variety of noxious substances. The results of studies of the effects of occupational exposure on immune parameters are conflicting. Neopterin is an acknowledged marker of immunostimulation. Urinary neopterin levels of 58 anaesthetists and anaesthetic nurses were measured over a 3-week period. Neopterin analyses were performed using high performance liquid chromatography. Neopterin levels were within the normal range for all subjects. Younger subjects (aged ≤ 35 years) had significantly higher urinary neopterin concentrations than older subjects (aged 〉 35 years). The present study is the first to investigate the influence of anaesthetic exposure on neopterin levels. No evidence of immunostimulation was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Psychophysiology 7 (1989), S. 269-270 
    ISSN: 0167-8760
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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