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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid-base equilibriums of some acids in propylene carbonate (1977)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 49 (1977), S. 503-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac50011a042
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactive oxygen intermediates in autoimmune islet cell destruction of the NOD mouse induced by peritoneal exudate cells (rich in macrophages) but not T cells (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 22-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words NOD mice, insulitis, reactive oxygen intermediates, superoxide dismutase, peritoneal macrophages.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse spontaneously develops autoimmune Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. NOD mice exhibit massive infiltrates of T cells and macrophages into pancreatic islets (insulitis) prior to diabetes. The contribution of oxygen free radicals to the development of insulitis in NOD mice was examined by administration of its scavengers, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. Bovine superoxide dismutase and catalase were each coupled to polyethylene glycol. The treatment with superoxide dismutase-polyethylene glycol reduced the number of islets with insulitis and increased the undamaged islet tissue, as compared with the control group. The treatment with catalase-polyethylene glycol showed a similar tendency which did not reach significance. Using a flow cytometric assay of the oxidation of 2′, 7′-dichlorofluorescein, the content of reactive oxygen intermediates in islet cells in the culture system was measured and the effect of peritoneal exudate cells and T cells on their production examined. Peritoneal exudate cells, but not T cells, from NOD mice increased the content of reactive oxygen intermediates in islet cells of either the NOD mouse or the ILI mouse (MHC-identical to NOD); the addition of superoxide dismutase to the culture medium suppressed this increase in NOD or ILI islet cells. The present data support the concept that production of oxygen free radicals mediated by macrophages can damage islet beta cells, directly resulting in autoimmune Type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 22–31]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050067
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactive oxygen intermediates in autoimmune islet cell destruction of the NOD mouse induced by peritoneal exudate cells (rich in macrophages) but not T cells (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 22-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: NOD mice ; insulitis ; reactive oxygen intermediates ; superoxide dismutase ; peritoneal macrophages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse spontaneously develops autoimmune Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. NOD mice exhibit massive infiltrates of T cells and macrophages into pancreatic islets (insulitis) prior to diabetes. The contribution of oxygen free radicals to the development of insulitis in NOD mice was examined by administration of its scavengers, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. Bovine superoxide dismutase and catalase were each coupled to polyethylene glycol. The treatment with superoxide dismutase-polyethylene glycol reduced the number of islets with insulitis and increased the undamaged islet tissue, as compared with the control group. The treatment with catalase-polyethylene glycol showed a similar tendency which did not reach significance. Using a flow cytometric assay of the oxidation of 2′, 7′-dichlorofluorescein, the content of reactive oxygen intermediates in islet cells in the culture system was measured and the effect of peritoneal exudate cells and T cells on their production examined. Peritoneal exudate cells, but not T cells, from NOD mice increased the content of reactive oxygen intermediates in islet cells of either the NOD mouse or the ILI mouse (MHC-identical to NOD); the addition of superoxide dismutase to the culture medium suppressed this increase in NOD or ILI islet cells. The present data support the concept that production of oxygen free radicals mediated by macrophages can damage islet beta cells, directly resulting in autoimmune Type 1 diabetes in NOD mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428773
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RFLP analysis of the MHC class III region defines unique haplotypes for the non-obese diabetic, cataract Shionogi and the non-obese non-diabetic mouse strains (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 727-733 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: MHC class III region ; non-obese diabetic mouse ; non-obese non-diabetic mouse ; cataract Shionogi mouse ; Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; restriction fragment length polymorphisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse strain which spontaneously develops diabetes is a model for human Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. At least one of several genes controlling diabetes in the NOD mouse has been mapped to the MHC. Although previous experiments have implicated the MHC class II genes in the development of the disease, the existence of other MHC linked susceptibility genes has not been ruled out. In order to identify these susceptibility genes we have further characterized the MHC haplotype of the NOD mouse and two non-diabetic sister strains, the non-obese non-diabetic (NON) and cataract Shionogi (CTS). We have examined the mouse MHC class III region for the presence of homologous genes to 17 newly isolated human MHC class III region genes (G1, G2, G4, G6, G7a/valyl-tRNA synthetase, HSP70, G8, G9, G10, G12, G13, G14, G15, G16, G17 and G18). We detect unique hybridizing DNA fragments for 16 of the 17 genes in six inbred mouse strains (NOD, NON, CTS, B10, BALB/c and CBA/J) indicating that this part of the H-2 region is similar to the human MHC class III region. Using a panel of restriction enzymes we have defined RFLPs for 6 (G2, G6, HSP70, G12, G16, G18) of the 16 cross-hybridizing probes. The RFLPs demonstrate that NOD, NON and CTS mouse strains each have a distinct MHC haplotype in the MHC class III region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401143
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of polymorphic gene duplication at theGpdh locus in natural populations ofDrosophila melanogaster (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 36 (1993), S. 532-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Gene duplication ; Gpdh gene ; Polymorphism ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH, E. C. 1.1.1.8) gene ofDrosophila melanogaster contains a tandem duplication of a 4.5-kb-long DNA fragment. Survey of theGpdh gene region by the Southern blot analysis revealed the following features of this gene duplication: (1) The duplication was not observed in chromosome lines that carryIn(2L)t, a cosmopolitan chromosomal inversion in this species. The duplication and the inversion are in linkage disequilibrium. (2) The duplication is polymorphic in the Japan and US natural populations examined. Its frequency is 0.26 on an average inIn(2L)t-free chromosomes. (3) Triplication is absent or has not become frequent in the populations surveyed. Possible evolutionary factors of this duplication polymorphism are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00556357
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple L1 progenitors in prosimian primates: Phylogenetic evidence from ORF1 sequences (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 37 (1993), S. 179-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: L1 ; LINE ; L1 source genes ; Galago ; Slow loris ; ORF1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract One of the uncertainties regarding the evolution of L1 elements is whether there are numerous progenitor genes. We present phylogenetic evidence from ORF1 sequences of slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) and galago (Galago crassicaudatus) that there were at least two distinct progenitors, active at the same time, in the ancestor of this family of prosimian primates. A maximum parsimony analysis that included representative L1s from human, rabbit, and rodents, along with the prosimian sequences, revealed that one of the galago L1s (Gc11) grouped very strongly with the slow loris sequences. The remaining galago elements formed their own unique and strongly supported clade. An analysis of replacement and silent site changes for each link of the most parsimonious tree indicated that during the descent of the Gc11 sequence approximately two times more synonymous than nonsynonymous substitutions had occurred, implying that the Gc11 founder was functional for some time after the split of galago and slow loris. Strong purifying selection was also evident on the galago branch of the tree. These data indicate that there were two distinct and contemporaneous L1 progenitors in the lorisoid ancestor, evolving under purifying selection, that were retained as functional L1s in the galago lineage (and presumably also in the slow loris). The prosimian ORF1 sequences could be further subdivided into subfamilies. ORF1 sequences from both the galago and slow loris have a premature termination codon near the 3′ end, not shared by the other mammalian sequences, that shortens the open reading frame by 288 bp. An analysis of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions for the 5′ and 3′ portions, that included intra- and inter-subfamily comparisons, as well as comparisons among the other mammalian sequences, suggested that this premature stop codon is a prosimian acquisition that has rendered the 3′ portion of ORF1 in these primates noncoding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407354
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the association between schizophrenia and the dopamine D3 receptor gene (1993)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 92 (1993), S. 336-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A study of the genetic association between schizophrenia and aBalI polymorphism in exon 1 of the dopamine D3 (DRD3) gene, a candidate gene for schizophrenia, was conducted. The polymorphism was examined in 91 patients whose symptoms satisfied DSM-III-R for schizophrenia and 90 controls. There were no significant differences between the groups in allele frequencies or genotype counts. Contrary to a previous report, the patients were no more likely to be homozygous than controls. Moreover, no association with the presence of illness could be demonstrated when the patients were grouped according to sex, age of onset, history of admission to psychiatric institutions or positive family history.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01247330
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C-selective infrared multiple-photon decomposition study of CBrClF2 (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 55 (1992), S. 413-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50.-m
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The infrared multiple-photon single-frequency decomposition (IRMPD) of CBrClF2 was examined as functions of laser wavenumber, laser fluence, and partial pressure of CBrClF2. The initial step was the scission of a C-Br bond. In the presence of O2 the carbon-containing product was CF2O and its subsequent hydrolysis gave CO2. The initial dissociation was highly 13C selective at wavenumbers below 1014 cm−1. CBrClF2 decomposed at relatively low fluences as compared to CHClF2. However, the decomposition yield rapidly decreased with increasing pressure. In the large-scale irradiation experiment using about 8 J pulse at 1 Hz, we obtained a carbon yield of 0.41 μmol per pulse at a 13C-atom fraction of 17% for a mixture of 10 Torr CBrClF2 and 10 Torr O2, and a carbon yield of 0.17 μmol per pulse at a fraction of 29% for a mixture of 20 Torr CBrClF2 and 20 Torr O2. The IRMPD of CHClF2 gave a carbon yield of 0.18 μmol per pulse at 48% for 10 Torr neat CHClF2 and yield of 0.25 μmol at 52% for 20 Torr CHClF2. The large-scale irradiation experiment was also carried out for mixtures of CBr2F2 and O2. CHClF2 is the most productive of 13C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00325179
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative two-dimensional analysis of facial wrinkles of Japanese women at various ages (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 24 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To evaluate individual differences in the recognition of facial wrinkles, we asked 40 Japanese female observers to identify wrinkles using transparent sheets over frontal facial photos of four females aged 20, 39, 55 or 75 years. We then measured the number and length of those wrinkles by image analysis. Wrinkles identified by those 40 observers showed aged-related increases in the standard deviation (SD) values for number and length but age-related decreases in the coefficient of variation (CV)%. Therefore, to clarify factors affecting the degree of wrinkle detection, wrinkles were identified by two groups of age-matched male and female observers, by two groups that differed by age, and by two other groups, one of which who felt that there was an improvement in their wrinkles after application of an antiwrinkle agent and another group who did not feel that there was any improvement after the same treatment. Improvement was observed by replica image analysis in all groups. The degree of wrinkles identified was not affected by the age or by the sex of the observer group. However, the group who felt that there was an improvement in their wrinkles after treatment with the antiwrinkle agent identified a significantly higher number of wrinkles than did the group who did not feel that there was an improvement.These results suggest marked individual differences in the recognition of wrinkles. Fine wrinkles in relatively young subjects are difficult to detect, but moderate to marked wrinkles in middle-aged and in aged subjects can easily be detected. Concerning the cause of individual differences in the extent of wrinkle detection, observers who identified a large number of wrinkles tended to recognize not only pronounced wrinkles but also recognized fine wrinkles as ‘wrinkles’. This seems to have also affected their feelings about the success of treatment with the antiwrinkle agent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2494.2002.00122.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mismatch PCR RFLP Detection of DRD2 Ser311Cys Polymorphism and Schizophrenia
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 202 (1994), S. 757-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1994.1995
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