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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Prämedikation ; Befindlichkeitsveränderungen ; Zolpidem ; Phenobarbital ; Promethazin ; Key words Premedication ; Mood ; Zolpidem ; Phenobarbital ; Promethazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The following double-blind, randomised study dealt with three questions: (1) Is a multidimensional psychometric rating scale suitable for the measurement of mood before anaesthesia? (2) What are the effects of the new benzodiazepine-like drug zolpidem on preoperative mood compared with phenobarbital? (3) Is the combination with Promethazine suggestive? Methods. Three hundred and four patients were assigned to four groups (group 1: zolpidem 8.03 mg/promethazine 50 mg; group 2: zolpidem 8.03 mg/placebo; group 3: phenobarbital 100 mg/promethazine 50 mg; group 4: phenobarbital 100 mg/placebo). The drugs were given the evening before anaesthesia (09:30–10:00 p.m.). The sample was shifted by age and sex. Mood was measured by a multidimensional rating scale, which assessed aspects of elated mood, anxiety, hostility, deactivation, vigilance, and introversion. Statistics were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results. Zolpidem led to significantly higher expressions of hostility (negative mood, irritability, aggressiveness) than phenobarbital. Compared with placebo, promethazine led to greater deactivation (more tiredness and numbness, lower level of wakefulness). Specific emotions and somatic aspects were not affected. Patients who had received promethazine received a lower dose of thiopentone for induction of anaesthesia than patients with placebo. Conclusions. Zolpidem and phenobarbital have many common effects on preoperative mood. Differences were found in the unspecific emotional aspects of agitation and hostility. These negative effects must be weighed against the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic advantages of zolpidem when this drug is administered for premedication. The effects of zolpidem seem to be more sedative than anxiolytic. The study shows that a combination with promethazine is suggestive, because promethazine has a selective deactivating effect. The finding that promethazine lowers the dose of thiopentone required for induction of anaesthesia is an additional interesting point. The results of this study highlight the importance of using multidimensional rating scales for the measurement of mood before anaesthesia.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende randomisierte Doppelblindstudie an 304 Patienten verglich Wirkungen von Zolpidem und Phenobarbital in Kombination mit Promethazin oder Plazebo auf die psychische Befindlichkeit im Rahmen der vorabendlichen anästhesiologischen Prämedikation. Meßinstrumente waren mehrdimensionale Selbst- und Fremdbeurteilungsverfahren mit hinreichenden Gütekriterien. Zolpidem und Phenobarbital zeigten ähnliche Wirkungen auf die präoperative psychische Befindlichkeit. Zolpidem führte verglichen mit Phenobarbital zu signifikant größerer Hostilität (Aggressivität, Gereitzheit). Gegenüber Plazebo waren Patienten unter Promethazin signifikant stärker desaktiviert. Bei Patienten unter Promethazin wurde signifikant weniger Thiopental zur Narkoseeinleitung verwendet als unter Plazebo. Die Unterschiede der Präparatwirkungen waren insgesamt emotionsunspezifisch. Der Bereich Angst wurde nicht bedeutsam beeinflußt. Zusammenfassend scheint Zolpidem eher sedativ als anxiolytisch zu wirken. Der schwache Zusammenhang zwischen Selbst- und Fremdbeurteilung der aktuellen Befindlichkeit macht klar, daß das Arzturteil nicht das emotionale Erleben des Patienten widerspiegelt. Die Studie unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit des Einsatzes mehrdimensionaler Verfahren zur Messung der psychischen Befindlichkeit vor Anästhesien. Das verwendete Beurteilungsverfahren ist hierfür geeignet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Anästhesie ; Qualitätssicherung ; Fragebogen ; Patientenzufriedenheit ; Postoperative Symptome ; Key words Anaesthesia ; Quality assurance ; Questionnaire ; Patient satisfaction ; Postoperative symptoms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objective. There is an increasing demand for internal clinical quality assurance. For this reason methods for the assessment of patients' satisfaction and postoperative symptoms and complaints are needed. This article describes a new questionnaire for the measurement of these aspects. Methods. The questionnaire consists of two parts. Part 1 assesses the intensity of symptoms related to the postoperative periods “recovery room”, “first hours on ward” and “current state” Part 2 measures patients' satisfaction with anesthesiological care, unspecific perioperative care and postoperative convalescence. 431 patients completed the questionnaire after an elective operation. Results. Results demonstrate a plausible difference in patients' symptoms between the three postoperative periods. The difference between the remembered complaints in the “recovery room” and the “first hours on ward” is of small degree. Related to the period immediately after anesthesia, women describe a worse state of health than men. Male and female patients do not differ in their satisfaction with anesthesiological care. Older patients describe greater satisfaction with perioperative care than younger ones. There are only a few significant correlations between the intensity of symptoms in the “recovery room” and data from anesthesiological documentation. Conclusions. The new questionnaire is sensitive for the change of symptoms in the course of postoperative time. Considering the results, a modification of the questionnaire ist suggested. This instrument is to be used in a greater and representative sample of patients now.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung. Für die Erfassung postoperativer Symptome und für die Messung der Patientenzufriedenheit werden in der Anästhesiologie geeignete Verfahren benötigt. Dies ergibt sich u. a. durch die zunehmende Forderung nach interner Qualitätssicherung. Es wird ein neu entwickelter Fragebogen vorgestellt, der die genannten Bereiche erfassen soll, und dieser wird bezüglich einiger Güteeigenschaften untersucht. Methodik. Der “Anästhesiologische Nachbefragungsbogen für Patienten” besteht aus zwei Teilen. Teil 1 erfasst die Symptomausprägung bei Patienten für die postoperativen Abschnitte “Aufwachraum”, “die ersten Stunden auf der Station” und “aktueller Patientenzustand”. Teil 2 erhebt das Ausmaß der Zufriedenheit mit der anästhesiologischen perioperativen Betreuung, mit der unspezifischen perioperativen Betreuung und mit dem Genesungsverlauf. Das Verfahren wurde bei 431 Patienten eingesetzt, die sich einer elektiven Operation unterzogen hatten. Ergebnisse. Die Intensität der Symptombeschreibung variiert plausibel Über die drei postoperativen zeitlichen Abschnitte. Unterschiede zwischen den erinnerten Symptomen “im Aufwachraum” und “in den ersten Stunden auf der Station” sind dabei nur gering. Frauen beschreiben postoperativ schlechteres Befinden als Männer, sind dabei aber nicht unzufriedener mit den vorgenommenen perioperativen Maßnahmen. Ältere Patienten geben etwas höhere Zufriedenheit mit der perioperativen Betreuung an als jüngere. Korrelationen zwischen der Symptomausprägung im Aufwachraum und anästhesiologischen Daten lassen nur vereinzelt Beziehungen erkennen. Schlussfolgerungen. Der Fragebogen ist sensitiv für Symptomveränderungen in der postoperativen Zeit und differenziert Patientengruppen. Unter Berücksichtigung der Untersuchungsergebnisse wird ein modifizierter Fragebogen vorgeschlagen, der nun an einer größeren repräsentativen Patientengruppe einzusetzen ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hypercholesterolemia ; Colestipol ; Minerals ; Vitamins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Longterm treatment for 5 years of young patients with familial hypercholesterolemia was accompanied by monitoring of plasma levels of calcium, iron, sodium, parathyroid hormone and water- and fat soluble vitamins, since interference of the ion exchange resin with absorption of numerous substances as well as abnormal plasma levels of some of the above had been described in several studies. Treatment was effective in the group with good compliance (lowering of plasma cholesterol at the end of 5 years by 19% and, compared to the control group, by 23%). Adverse drug effects with respect to the above parameters were not found. Plasma levels of carotinoides and vitamin E were elevated in the patients according to elevated concentrations of lipoproteins which are carriers of these vitamins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 1 (1922), S. 2441-2449 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 2 (1923), S. 1853-1860 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; Esophageal motility ; Manometry ; Autonomic cardiac neuropathy ; Peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a prospective study, we evaluated 33 diabetic patients [type I (n = 8) and type II (n = 25)]. Esophageal motor functions were examined by registering clinical symptoms and by performing esophageal manometry. We also investigated peripheral and autonomic neuropathy. In diabetics, the lower and upper esophageal sphincter pressure and amplitudes of peristaltic waves were reduced. Compared with controls (n = 30), in diabetics the esophageal peristaltic velocity was reduced significantly, and the duration of contractions were decreased as well. Multipeaked waves were uncommon in diabetics, while non-propulsive contractions were seen more often. No correlation was found between esophageal dysfunction and peripheral or autonomic neuropathy. Some 60% of diabetics reported esophageal symptoms; however, no relationship between these symptoms and the extent of dysfunction in esophageal motility was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 95 (1903), S. 447-483 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 81-83 (Jan. 1993), p. 579-582 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 9 (1930), S. 269-272 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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