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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The vestibulospinal tract: Crossed and uncrossed effects on hindlimb motoneurones in the cat (1975)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 24 (1975), S. 37-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibulospinal tract ; Spinal cord ; Motoneurone ; Crossed effects ; EPSP and IPSP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Effects produced by stimulation of Deiters' nucleus on contralateral hindlimb motoneurones were investigated in the cat with intracellular and monosynaptic reflex recording. Polysynaptic PSPs were evoked in all species of motoneurone examined. The minimal synaptic linkage was found to be disynaptic in the excitatory path and trisynaptic in the inhibitory path. Experiments with various lesions to the spinal funiculus and those with mapping of the stimulated sites in the brain stem showed that the effects were evoked almost exclusively via the lateral vestibulospinal tract of the stimulated side. The crossed effects were excitatory in extensor motoneurones of all species studied except for hip extensors (ABSm) in which EPSPs and/or IPSPs were evoked. The effects on flexors, by contrast, were not simple and consisted of EPSPs, IPSPs or a mixture of both. The difference in effects depended, though not entirely, on the species of motor nucleus. Between the excitatory and inhibitory effects on knee flexor (PBSt) motoneurones the former predominated under chloralose and the latter under pentobarbital anaesthesia. By recording PSPs evoked from the two vestibulospinal tracts in the same motoneurone, the convergence pattern and the magnitude of effects from the two tracts were studied. The interneuronal organization of the crossed vestibulo-motoneuronal pathway and its functional significance are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236016
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Firing of spinal motoneurones due to electrical interaction in the rat: An in vitro study (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 54 (1984), S. 437-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rat ; Spinal motoneurones ; Recurrent discharge ; Electrical synapse ; In vitro study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The excitatory interaction between spinal motoneurones was investigated by means of electromyogram (EMG) recordings from hindlimb muscles as well as intracellular ones from their innervating motoneurones in the isolated preparation of immature rats. Stimulation of the muscle nerve to biceps femoris or medial gastrocnemius or of the L5 ventral root evoked early and late EMG responses in the muscle of the preparations with the dorsal roots cut. The early response was produced directly by volleys in the motor nerve. The late response was of spinal origin, since it disappeared after the severance of the ventral root. The thresholds and the conduction velocities of nerve fibres, which conducted the centripetal impulse causing the late response, were compatible with those of motor nerve fibres. The amplitude of the late response was 5–10% of that of the maximum early EMG response. Intracellular recordings from spinal motoneurones revealed that stimulation of the ventral root elicited the double discharge composed of antidromic and delayed spike potentials. The delayed spike was never evoked after the spike potential elicited directly by a short depolarizing pulse. The double discharge was observed in about 6% of the motoneurones examined. The threshold of the stimulus intensity evoking the double discharge was in the range of those of motor nerve fibres. The latencies of the delayed excitation were 7.0–9.0 ms, comparable to the intraspinal delays of the late EMG response. Stimulation of the ventral root at intensities subthreshold for antidromic activation was found to produce a small depolarizing potential in about 60% of the motoneurones examined. The amplitudes were 0.5–5.0 mV, and the onset and the peak latencies 2.0–7.0 ms and 5.0–8.0 ms, respectively. The potential was unaffected by the deficiency of calcium ions in the perfusing medium and persisted after the degeneration of the afferent fibres in the ventral root. It was thus concluded that the depolarizing potential was generated by electrical synapses between motoneurones. In a few motoneurones the electrical synaptic potential was found to elicit spike potentials. Latencies of these spikes were similar to those of the delayed excitation in motoneurones with the double discharge. The time course of changes in the excitability in these motoneurones showed that the delayed excitation, hence the late EMG response, was also caused by the electrical synaptic potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235469
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development in neonatal rats of the sensory resetting of the locomotor rhythm induced by NMDA and 5-HT (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 114 (1997), S. 193-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Locomotion ; Central pattern generator ; Spinal cord ; Muscle afferents ; Neonatal rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Developmental changes in the effects of quadriceps (Q) nerve stimulation on the locomotor rhythm induced by a mixture of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid and 5-hydroxytryptamine were examined using in vitro preparations from neonatal rats at postnatal days (P) 1–6. The effects of such stimulation on the rhythm were dependent both on stimulus strength and on the age of the animal. Low-intensity stimulation (≤3.0×T, where T=threshold for the monosynaptic reflex) during the flexor phase reset the rhythm via a prolongation of the flexor burst in most rats at P1–3, but via flexor burst truncation at P4–6. At any age, low-intensity stimulation during the extensor phase had no consistent effect on the ongoing rhythm. Activation of muscle afferents evoked via isometric contraction of the Q muscle caused effects similar to those obtained on low-intensity electrical stimulation in all age groups. In all age groups, high-intensity stimulation (≥5.0×T) caused resetting when delivered during the flexor phase via a prolongation of the flexor burst and during the extensor phase via a truncation of the extensor burst. These results suggest that the type of resetting evoked from low-threshold muscle afferents changes drastically during postnatal week1, while effects evoked from high-threshold afferents remain unchanged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005628
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of the adherence of Streptococcus sobrinus insoluble α-d-glucan by endo-(1-〉3)-α-d-glucanase
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Carbohydrate Research 182 (1988), S. 277-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0008-6215
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0008-6215(88)84008-4
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salmonella arizonae isolated from a pirarucu, Arapaima gigas Cuvier, with septicaemia (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 10 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1987.tb01103.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new-type antenna for continuous gravitational radiation (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 1880-1883 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new-type disk antenna has been developed to search for continuous gravitational waves emitted from millisecond and submillisecond pulsars. The antenna not only has a wide tunable range of the eigenfrequency that covers down to almost half of the original frequency of the quadrupole mode, but also is easily tuned to an objective frequency with an accuracy of 4×10−5 at 4.2 K. The mechanical quality factor has reached 3.0×107 at 4.2 K in an antenna made of Al5056.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143298
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Immunohistochemical Study on the Embryonic Development of Renin-containing Cells in the Mouse and Pig (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 18 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The prenatal occurrence and distribution of renin-containing (RC) cells were investigated immunohistochemically in mouse and pig embryos.The RC cells of the mouse embryo were first observed at the 13th day of gestation at the walls of the renal, the mesonephric, the adrenal, the abdominal arteries, the adrenal glands and the testis. As the gestation of the mouse progressed, the RC cells had a tendency to localize in areas of the vascular pole of the metanephric glomerulus. In pig, when CRL was 0.8–2.0cm, RC cells first appeared at the ventral walls of the dorsal aorta, the omphalo-mesenteric (i.e., the cranial mesenteric), the mesonephric, the mesonephric afferent glomerular arteries/arterioles and the inside of the mesonephric glomenilus. As the length of the pig embryo increased, no renin-immunoreactivity could be demonstrated at the degenerated mesonephros, while in the metanephros marked immunoreactivities were found only at the terminal regions of intralobular arteries, i. e., afferent arterioles or the vascular pole of the glomerulus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.1989.tb00576.x
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