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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 7 (1951), S. 36-38 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 196 (1997), S. 123-131 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Retina ; Photoreceptor cells ; Ciliogenesis ; Tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Transmission electron microscopy of the retinal cones from several prenatal, young postnatal and adult tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) reveals that the centrioles, from which the ciliary precursors of the outer segments grow out, are not transported into a pre-existing inner segment, but are positioned under the apical plasma membrane of cone precursor cells all through the inner segment formation. Ciliogenesis starts before or on embryonic day 20 and thus precedes initial formation of the inner segment by 20 days, which is half the gestation period. Thus, the maturation of the outer segment covers a considerably longer period than has been previously described. Published observations from other mammals can be interpreted as conforming with the situation in Tupaia. In other vertebrates, compared to mammals, marked heterochronies do occur. In Tupaia, the centrioles and the cilium are located close to the central longitudinal axis of the photoreceptor precursor cell from the 20-day-old embryo to the 5-day-old juvenile. In this position the microtubule apparatus originating from the centrioles should be most effective in transporting the mitochondria into the inner segment. In the 12-day-old tree shrew, when transport of the mitochondria into the inner segment has been completed, centrioles and cilium have shifted into an eccentric position and the light-collecting megamitochondria have approached the disks of the outer segment. This eccentric position is maintained in all later developmental stages. In certain of the retinal areas of the adult Tupaia, the connecting cilia of neighbouring cones are always positioned on the same side of the inner segments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Nichtinvasive Blutdruckmessung ; Oszillometrie ; Geräteprüfung ; Dinamap 1846 ; HP M-1008B ; Intensivemedizin ; Simulator ; Key words Blood pressure measurement ; Oscillometric method ; Intensive care patients ; Performance test ; Simulator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Using the PTB simulator, which emits real signals from patients, we examined the precision of the oscillometric blood pressure measurement with the Dinamap 1846 (Critikon) and the HP M-1008B (Hewlett Packard). For this purpose we simultaneously registered invasive arterial pulsewave, cuff pressure and cuff pressure oscillations of 20 patients from our intensive care unit and stored them in the database of the simulator. The invasive reference blood pressure values were determined following the recommendations given by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. The invasive system showed a cut-off frequency of 35 Hz; the damping constant was 0.21. With 49 record signals from patients we carried out 15 simulated measurements each. From a total of 49 bio-signals from patients the Dinamap 1846 was able to process 41 signals and the HP M-1008B 47 signals. The mean error of the oscillometric blood pressure measurement of the systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure amounted to −2.50 mmHg, 3.35 mmHg (P〈0.05) and 1.51 mmHg with the Dinamap 1846 and to −8.5 mmHg (P〈0.001), −5.15 mmHg (P〈0.001) and −5.58 mmHg (P〈0.001) for the HP M-1008B. The 95% confidence limit for the systolic, diastolic and the mean arterial pressure amounts to 56 mmHg, 30 mmHg and 35 mmHg for the Dinamap 1846 and 50 mmHg, 38 mmHg and 35 mmHg for the HP M-1008B. The differences between that two instruments could be caused by the different algorithms for the calculation of blood pressure values and different artefact detection and elimination techniques. The results of the performance tests we achieved with the PTB simulator correspond to the results of other clinical examinations. The American Association for the Advanecement of Medical Instrumentation recommends a maximum mean error of 5±8 mmHg. None of the examined instruments lay within these limits. Due to the systematic and stochastic errors, we think that the Dinamap 1846 (Critikon) and the HP M-1008B (Hewlett Packard) do not achieve performance levels that are adequate for measuring critically ill patients.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe eines Simulators, der reale Biosignale von Patienten verwendet, wurde die Meßgenauigkeit der Geräte Dinamap 1846 (Critikon) und HP M-1008B (Hewlett Packard) untersucht. Es wurden 49 artefaktfreie oszillometrische Signale von 20 Intensiv-Patienten für die Simulationsmessungen benutzt. Das Dinamap 1846 konnte nur 41 Signale von Patienten auswerten, das HP M-1008B 47 Signale. Bei dem Vergleich mit der invasiven Blutdruckmessung betrug der mittlere Meßfehler für den systolischen, diastolischen und mittleren arteriellen Blutdruck für das Dinamap 1846 2,50 mm Hg, 3,35 mm Hg (p〈0,05) und 1,51 mm Hg, sowie für das HP M-1008B −8,51 mm Hg (p〈0,001), 5,15 mm Hg (p〈0,001) und −5,58 mm Hg (p〈0,001). Das 95%-Toleranzintervall für den systolischen, diastolischen und mittleren arteriellen Blutdruck betrug 56 mm Hg, 30 mm Hg und 35 mm Hg für das Dinamap sowie 50 mm Hg, 38 mm Hg und 35 mm Hg für das HP M-1008B. Die unterschiedlichen Meßergebnisse sind vermutlich auf verschiedene Algorithmen zur Bestimmung der Blutdruckwerte und verschiedene Artefakterkennungsprogramme der Geräte zurückzuführen. Wegen der systematischen und stochastischen Abweichungen sind wir der Auffassung, daß das Dinamap 1846 und das HP M-1008B noch nicht den technischen Stand erreicht haben, um auch bei kritisch Kranken eingesetzt zur werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 200 (1999), S. 393-402 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Phagocytes ; Programmed cell death ; Development ; Central nervous system ; Mammals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The earliest occurrence of macrophages was investigated in the brain and optic anlagen of the tree shrew Tupaia belangeri. Nineteen serially sectioned embryos, belonging to five phases of programmed neuroepithelial cell death previously found during optic cup formation, were used. Macrophages were identified by structural criteria and by labelling with the lectin Griffonia simplicifolia I-B4. Macrophages, most probably derived from the yolk sac, are present in the perineural vessels of the phase 1 embryo (V-shaped optic evagination). Within this compartment, their number increases up to phase 4 (advanced invagination) and drops during phase 5. This first wave of macrophages is followed by a second one occurring within the perineural mesenchyme and within the neuroepithelium of the brain and eyes from phase 3 onwards. In the phase 4 embryos, a considerable rise in the number of intraventricular macrophages is noted. During phase 5 (far advanced invagination), marked vascularization of the brain starts, and a peak of macrophages is noted in the neuroepithelium and in the ventricular lumen of the brain. This spatiotemporal pattern suggests that, in Tupaia, the earliest macrophages are simultaneously shifted from perineural vessels into the neuroepithelial walls of the developing brain and, at earlier stages than previously described in other vertebrate species, of the eye anlagen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 359-363 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyloid nephropathy ; Interference contrast microscopy ; Neuropathic amyloidosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Report of a 35 year old male with hereditary neuropathic amyloidosis of the portuguese type, the second known case in Germany. There are extensive nodular Congo red positive amyloid deposits in the endoneurium of the peripheral nerves which lead to displacement, compression atrophy and interruption of the endoneural fascicles. The amyloid fibril structure is specially noted by interference contrast microscopy. It can also be documented in unstained microscopic sections. Further extensive nodular deposits are present in the mesangium of the glomerula. The remaining organs show preponderantly affected vessel walls and collagen fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 549-551 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: 2,3-DPG ; enzymatic test ; alkaline phosphatase ; 2,3-DPG ; enzymatische Testmethoden ; alkalische Phosphatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine einfache enzymatische Methode beschrieben, die die Messung von 2,3-DPG mittels Endpunktbestimmung bei kontinuierlicher Registrierung der Kinetik gestattet. Die Methode beruht auf der ganz überwiegenden Abspaltung der Phosphatgruppe in 3′-Stellung des Glyceratmoleküls durch alkalische Phosphatase. Das entstehende 2 PG wird zu Laktat umgewandelt, wobei die Laktatdehydrogenase-Reaktion als Indicator-Reaktion dient.
    Notes: Summary A simple enzymatic method is described which allows the measurement of 2,3-DPG by end-point determination under continuous registration of the reactions kinetics. The method is based on the prevalent splitting of the phosphate group in the 3′position of the glycerate molecule by alkaline phosphatase. 2 PG formed in this way can be converted to lactate, the lactate dehydrogenase reaction being the indicator reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 489-496 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Thrombosis ; Deep vein thrombosis ; Urokinase ; Fibrinolysis ; Thrombolysis ; Thrombose ; Beinvenenthrombose ; Urokinase ; Fibrinolysetherapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 81 Patienten mit tiefen venösen Thrombosen der unteren Extremität wurde eine Fibrinolysebehandlung mit Urokinase nach einem neuen, höher dosierten Therapieschema in Kombination mit Heparin durchgeführt. Unter Gabe einer Urokinasedosis von 1000–2000 IE/kg/h (Initialdosis 150000–250000 IE) konnte bei frischen, bis zu 10 Tage alten Thrombosen eine komplette oder Teileröffnung bei 68% der Patienten erzielt werden. Dabei zeigte die höhere Urokinasedosierung im Beckenvenenbereich mit einer Wiedereröffnungsrate von 67% im Vergleich zur niedrigeren Dosis mit einer Rekanalisierungsrate von nur 43% einen deutlich stärkeren thrombolytischen Effekt. Bei den Thrombosen im V. poplitea- oder Wadenvenenbereich konnte dagegen mit einer Befundbesserung von 80 und 78% bzw. 75 und 62% ein nur gering differierender Behandlungserfolg beobachtet werden. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, daß die hier angewendete höhere Urokinasedosierung (Erhaltungsdosis 2000 IE/kg/h) der niedrigeren bei Vorliegen langstreckiger Thrombosen überlegen ist. Unter der höheren Dosierung richtete sich die weitere Urokinasedosis nach der Fibrinogenkonzentration nach Clauss, wobei ein Wert von 50–100 mg% angestrebt wurde und ein Wert von 50 mg% nicht unterschritten werden sollte. Die Steuerung der Therapie gestaltete sich dabei problemlos. An Nebenwirkungen wurden bei 8,6% der Patienten Makrohämaturien und nur in 6% der Fälle ein Hb-Abfall von mehr als 2 g% beobachtet. Lebensbedrohliche oder cerebrale Blutungen traten nicht auf. Der hohe Anteil älterer Phlebothrombosen und die dann wesentlich geringeren therapeutischen Erfolgsaussichten (Rekanalisierung in nur 23% der Fälle) unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit einer möglichst frühzeitigen Klinikeinweisung.
    Notes: Summary In 81 patients with deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb, urokinase therapy was performed in combination with heparin according to a new regimen at higher dosages. When urokinase was administered at an initial maintenance dosage of 1,000–2,000 IU/kg/h (loading dose 150,000–250,000 IU), phlebographically documented complete or partial recanalization could be observed in 68% of the cases. The higher dosage schedule induced a more pronounced deobliteration expecially in treatment of iliac vein thromboses (67% recanalization) in comparison to the lower dosage regimen (only 43% recanalization). Nearly comparable therapeutic results could be achieved in therapy of popliteal or saphenous vein thromboses. The data suggest that the higher dosage schedule examined here is indicated in treatment of extensive and large volume thromboses. The dosage of urokinase was further adjusted to attain a reduction of fibrinogen to 50–100 mg/dl. The concentration should not fall below 50 mg/dl. Therapy with urokinase proved practicable. Serious side effects did not occur. 8.6% of the patients showed hematuria and 6% a decrease of the Hb by more than 2 g/dl. The high proportion of older thromboses and the only low rate of recanalization (23%) in these cases suggest the necessity of an early commencement of fibrinolyses in therapy of deep vein thrombosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 46 (1968), S. 1249-1253 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Regression of osteitis fibrosa has been observed in a uremic patient after hemodialysis for six months. The exchangeable calcium was found to be 3.15 meq/kg and bone accretion rate 0.61 meq/kg/day in a control group of uremic patients without osteitis fibrosa under chronic hemodialysis. In contrast both values were markedly higher in the above patient with osteitis fibrosa and a control patient with osteitis (exchangeable calcium 10.3 meq/kg and 8.34 meq/kg; accretion rate 6.18 and 6.92 meq/kg/day). After hemodialysis for six months the exchangeable calcium of the patient decreased by 49.5% and his accretion rate by 35%. His intestinal absorption was high (60%) in contrast to uremic controls (35.5%). When measuring the regional distribution of47Ca in a body-counter the maximum of activity was found in the head-region in cases with osteitis fibrosa. This was shown to be due to rapid uptake of activity by the bones of the skull. Parathyroid hormone levels and serum hydroxyprolin were markedly increased, ultrafiltrable calcium was unchanged.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einem urämischen Patienten wurde die Rückbildung einer Ostitis fibrosa unter chronischer Hämodialyse beobachtet. Austauschbares Calcium (10,3 mÄq/kg bzw. 8,34 mÄq/kg) und Knocheneinbaurate (6,8 mÄq/kg/die bzw. 6,92 mÄq/kg/die) waren bei dem Patienten (und einem Kontrollpatienten mit renaler Ostitis fibrosa) deutlich erhöht. Nach Dialysebehandlung und Gabe von Aludrox verringerte sich das austauschbare Calcium um 49,5% und die Einbaurate um 35%. In einer Kontrollgruppe von Patienten mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz unter Dauerdialyse wurde demgegenüber ein austauschbares Calcium 3,15 mÄq/kg und eine Knocheneinbaurate von 0,61 mÄq/kg gefunden. Das Maximum der im Ganzkörperprofil gefundenen Aktivitätsverteilung von47Ca — gemessen im Ganzkörperzähler — war bei den Patienten mit renaler Ostitis fibrosa kopfwärts verschoben; mit87mSr ließ sich die Anreicherung der Aktivität in den Schädelknochen nachweisen. Die Calcium-Absorption war bei dem Patienten (60%) deutlich höher als bei der urämischen Kontrollgruppe (35,5%). Die Serumparathormonspiegel und Serumhydroxyprolinspiegel waren bei renaler Ostitis fibrosa deutlich erhöht, das ultrafiltrable Calcium unverändert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Enzymopenia ; Methemoglobin Reductase Deficiency ; Glycerol-Phosphate Dehydrogenase ; 2,3 DPG ; Enzymopenie ; Methämoglobin-Reductase-Mangel ; Glycerin-1-Phosphat-Dehydrogenase ; 2,3-DPG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine deutsche Familie mit einem Mangel an NADH-abhängiger Methämoglobin-Reductase in den Erythrocyten berichtet. Die klinisch asymptomatischen Eltern und die Großmutter sind heterozygote Erbmalsträger, die cyanotischen Kinder homozygot. Zusätzlich findet sich in den roten Blutkörperchen der Angehörigen der Familie L. eine gut meßbare Aktivität an Glycerin-1-Phosphat-Dehydrogenase; dieses Enzym ist normalerweise in den Erythrocyten nicht nachweisbar. Bei den cyanotischen Kindern ist der Gehalt an Glycerinsäure-2,3-diphosphat in den Erythrocyten erhöht.
    Notes: Summary The clinical and biochemical findings in a German family with decreased NADH-dependent methemoglobin reductase activity are reported. The asymptomatic parents and the grandmother are heterozygous, the cyanotic children homozygous. In addition, the erythrocytes of the members of the family L. showed marked glycerol-1-phosphate-dehydrogenase activity, this enzyme activity not being normally detectable in erythrocytes. 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid content is increased in the erythrocytes of the cyanotic children with severe methemoglobin reductase deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 851-856 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Subclavian-axillary vein thrombosis ; Thrombosis ; Urokinase ; Fibrinolysis ; Achselvenenthrombose ; Thrombose ; Urokinase ; Fibrinolyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 18 Patienten mit einer Achselvenenthrombose wurde eine fibrinolytische Therapie mit Urokinase in Kombination mit Heparin durchgeführt. Der thrombolytische Effekt war dabei eindeutig vom Alter der Thrombose und der Höhe der Urokinasedosis abhängig. Unter Gabe einer anfänglichen Erhaltungsdosis von 1000–2000 IE/kg/h (Initialdosis 150 000–250 000 IE Urokinase) in Kombination mit Heparin (15–17 E/kg/h) konnte bei neun der 11 Patienten (82%) mit frischen Thrombosen ein nahezu kompletter Behandlungserfolg erzielt werden. Bei einem Thrombusalter von mehr als 10 Tagen war keine phlebographische Befundänderung nachweisbar. Wesentliche Nebenwirkungen wurden nicht beobachtet. Auf Grund der hier mitgeteilten Behandlungsergebnisse sollte bei frischen Thrombosen der V. subclavia oder axillaris eine thrombolytische Therapie mit Urokinase durchgeführt werden. Der hier vorgelegte Erfahrungsbericht erlaubt darüber hinaus generelle Rückschlüsse zur Dosierung und Wirksamkeit der fibrinolytischen Substanz Urokinase.
    Notes: Summary In 18 cases with primary subclavian-axillary vein thrombosis fibrinolytic therapy was performed with urokinase in combination with heparin. The thrombolytic efficacy clearly depended on the thrombus age and the dose of urokinase applied. Under treatment with a median initial maintenance dosage of urokinase of 1,000–2,000 IU/kg/h (loading dose 150,000–250,000 IU urokinase) in combination with heparin (15–17 U kg/h) in nine of 11 patients (82%) with recently developed (8 days or less) thrombosis, a nearly complete deobliteration of the venous system was observed. In the cases with thrombosis of more than 10 days no alteration of the venous occlusions could be seen. Relevant side effects did not occur. Our results emphasize urokinase therapy of acute subclavian-axillary vein thrombosis and permit general inferences concerning the efficacy and the dosage requirements of the thrombolytic substance urokinase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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