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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Insulinoma ; Glucose controlled insulin infusion system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 71-year-old woman with insulinoma was studied. Preoperatively, using the glucose controlled insulin infusion system (GCIIS) for glucose clamping at various blood glucose levels, autonomous insulin production was demonstrated and intravenous glucose needs for maintenance of normoglycaemia were evaluated. The results of a somatostatin suppression test, guided by the GCIIS, supported the postulation of a well differentiated beta cell adenoma with reduced storage capacity. These assumptions were later confirmed by histochemical and ultrastructural investigations. Hypoglycaemia during surgery was avoided by means of the GCIIS. Upon clamping of the plasma glucose at 90 mg/dl, 15.5 g dextrose had to be given until resection of the tumour. Immediately thereafter, a sharp rise in plasma glucose to 140 mg/dl together with a need for 4.1 U insulin showed that the insulinoma tissue had been removed completely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Calcium channel blockers ; exercise test ; atrial natriuretic peptides ; urodilatin ; hemodynamics ; natriuresis ; diuresis ; BAY t 7207
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In man, chronic antihypertensive calcium antagonist treatment improves cardiac function and reduces plasma ANF concentrations. Physical exercise increases cardiac workload and plasma ANF levels. In the present study, we investigated the effects of acute administration of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist BAY t 7207 (BAY) during bicycle exercise on plasma ANF and plasma cyclic GMP levels, on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and on natriuresis and urinary urodilatin excretion. In a randomized, double-blind placebo controlled cross-over trial, 8 patients (age 56.8±2.5 y) with documented coronary artery disease and mildly impaired left ventricular function (EF 50.0±1.3%), received oral BAY (20 mg) or placebo. Forty-five minutes after medication, patients underwent a standardised exercise bicycle test in the supine position (6 min 25 W, 6 min 50 W). Before exercise, MAP was lower after BAY (88.8±4.1 mmHg) than after placebo (95.7±3.5 mmHg; p+0.024), and HR was higher after BAY (76.8±3.5 bpm) than after placebo (69.5±3.6 bpm; p+0.049). Plasma ANF tended to be higher after BAY (31.2±5.6 pg/ml) than after placebo (26.7±5.0 pg/ml), and plasma cGMP was not different (BAY 3.4±0.3, placebo 3.8±0.3 pmol/ml). During exercise, the relative increases in HR (+43%) and MAP (+17%) were identical after BAY and placebo. In contrast, ANF levels during exercise increased by 130±28% after placebo but only by 36±11% after BAY (p+0.011). In parallel, plasma cyclic GMP increased by 61±13% after placebo and by 20±8% after BAY (p+0.013). At the end of exercise, the BAY-induced reduction in plasma cyclic GMP reflected the reduction in diastolic arterial pressure (r+0.717; p+0.045). Compared to placebo, BAY treatment increased the fractional excretion rate of sodium from 0.46±0.11 to 0.90±0.22% (p+0.016), without relation to urinary urodilatin excretion. Thus, the calcium antagonist BAY t 7207 attenuated the exercise-induced increase in plasma ANF and cyclic GMP probably due to its vasodilator effect. The relationship between blood pressure and the ANF system during exercise, which parallels findings during chronic antihypertensive treatment, may open a perspective for early evaluation of long-term therapy with calcium channel blockers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Keywords Metalloproteinases ; Antagonists and inhibitors ; Neutral endopeptidase 24.11; natriuretic peptides ; atrial ; congestive heart failure ; haemodynamics ; cyclic GMP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: Inhibition of neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) prevents degradation of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a substance with vasodilatory and natriuretic properties. The aim of the study was to investigate the haemodynamic and endocrine effects of the NEP inhibitor candoxatril in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods: In a randomized double-blind, parallel group study design, 24 patients with CHF received a 10-day oral drug treatment with candoxatril (25, 100 or 400 mg b.i.d.) or placebo. Invasive haemodynamics and laboratory parameters were measured on days 1 and 10. Results: On the first treatment day, candoxatril produced a dose-dependent increase in plasma cyclic GMP, the second messenger of ANP. At doses of 100 and 400 mg, candoxatril induced an increase (!) in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and a decrease in cardiac index (CI), which was not observed with placebo and the lower candoxatril dose. Conclusions: Despite significant activation of the ANP system, reflected by a dose-dependent increase in plasma cyclic GMP concentrations, high doses of candoxatril induced systemic vasoconstrictory rather than vasocilatory effects in patients with CHF. Therefore NEP inhibition by candoxatril may not exhibit beneficial haemodynamic effects in CHF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Paroxysmale supraventrikuläre Tachykardie – Urodilatin – ANP – zyklisches Guanosinmonophosphat ; Key words Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia – urodilatin – ANP – cyclic GMP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) may have a polyuria after termination of tachycardia. There is increasing evidence that the renal peptide urodilatin (ANP(95–126)) – and not plasma ANP (ANP(99–126)) – is the member of the natriuretic peptide family mediating natriuresis and diuresis in man. In patients with SVT we, therefore, analyzed the relationship between diuresis, natriuresis, plasma ANP, urinary urodilation excretion and renal excretion of cyclic GMP, the second messenger in the ANP system. During and after clinical presentation with spontaneously occurring SVT, two patients with AV-nodal and one patient with atrioventricular reentry tachycardia (heart rate 160 to 200 bpm) were studied. Urinary urodilatin excretion was correlated to diuresis (r = 0.73) and natriuresis (r = 0.93); similarily urinary cyclic GMP excretion was related to diuresis (r = 0.80) or natriuresis (r = 0.87; p 〈 0.001, respectively). In contrst, there was no significant correlation between plasma ANP concentration and diuresis (r = 0.28, n.s.) or natriuresis (r = 0.11, n.s.). As an explorative analysis, stepwise multiple linear regression identified urinary urodilatin as the most important contributor to diuresis and natriuresis after SVT. These data on polyuria after spontaneous SVT further support the view that in man urodilatin is the member of the natriuretic peptide family participating in kidney physiology.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Patienten mit paroxysmaler supraventrikulärer Tachykardie (SVT) haben oftmals eine Polyurie nach Terminierung der Tachykardie. Jüngere Untersuchungen weisen darauf hin, daß beim Menschen das renale Peptid Urodilatin (ANP(95–126)) – und nicht Plasma-ANP (ANP(99–126)) – der an Natriurese und Diurese beteiligten Mediator aus der Familie natriuretischer Peptide ist. Im Rahmen einer Untersuchung bei Patienten mit SVT wurde deshalb die Beziehung zwischen Diurese, Natriures, ANP-Plasma-Spiegeln, renaler Ausscheidung von Urodilatin und cGMP, dem second messenger im ANP-System, analysiert. Während und nach klinischer Präsentation mit einer spontan auftretenden SVT wurden zwei Patienten mit AV-Knoten-Tachykardien und ein Patient mit artioventrikulärer Reentry-Tachykardie (Frequenz 160 bis 200/min) untersucht. Die renale Urodilatin-Sekretion war mit der Diurese (r = 0,73) und Natriurese (r = 0,93) korreliert; eine ähnliche Beziehung bestand zwischen renaler cGMP-Ausscheidung und Diurese (r = 0,80) sowie Natriurese (r = 0,87; jeweils p 〈 0,001). Im Gegensatz hierzu ergab sich keine signifikante Korrelation zwischen ANP-Plasmaspiegeln und Diurese (r = 0,28, n.s.) oder Natriurese (r = 0,11, n.s.). Im Rahmen einer explorativen Analyse konnte mittels schrittweiser logistischer Regression die renale Urodilation-Sekretion als wichtigster unabhängiger Faktor für die Diurese und Natriurese nach SVT identifiziert werden. Diese Daten zur Polyurie nach spontanter SVT stimmen mit jüngsten Ergebnissen zur Physiologie der Nierenfunktion überein, die zeigen, daß Urodilatin das an der Regulation der Nierenfunktion beteiligte natriuretische Peptid ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Primary chylopericardium — cardiac tamponade — stepwise diagnostic and therapeutic approach — pathophysiological mechanisms ; Schlüsselwörter Primäres Chyloperikard — Herztamponade — Stufendiagnostik — Stufentherapie — pathophysiologische Mechanismen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Primary chylopericardium is a rare disease with a highly variable clinical course. We report on a 24-year old female with chylopericardium detected during a pulmonary infection. Despite successful treatment of the infectious disease, the chylopericardium persisted and led to cardiac tamponade. From this case, as well as from the literature, it is intriguing to postulate an inflammatory injury of preexisting anomalous lymphatic vessels leading to onset or aggravation of primary chylopericardium. The clinical hallmark of chylopericardium is a milky white, but odorless pericardial fluid at pericardiocentesis. When conservative treatment and pericardiocentesis failed, we newly introduced the method of pericardio-peritoneal shunting by a pericardial window. With postoperative reaccumulation of pericardial fluid, total parenteral nutrition followed by medium chain triglyceride diet was successfully reininitiated. This combined surgical and conservative approach was performed for the first time and may have helped to avoid the more aggressive treatment of thoracic duct ligation and resection. During 2 years of follow-up the patient was asymptomatic and had no recurrence of pericardial effusion.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das primäre Chyloperikard ist eine seltene Erkrankung mit sehr unterschiedlichem klinischem Verlauf. Wir berichten über eine 24jährige Patientin mit primärem Chyloperikard, welches im Rahmen einer Pneumonie entdeckt wurde. Trotz erfolgreicher Behandlung der Infektion persistierte das Chyloperikard und verursachte eine Perikardtamponade. Sowohl angesichts dieses Falles als auch aufgrund der Literatur ist es naheliegend, eine entzündliche Schädigung präexistierender Lymphanomalien zu postulieren, die zur Auslösung oder Verschlechterung dieser Erkrankung führen kann. Für das Chyloperikard klinisch wegweisend ist ein milchig-weißer, aber geruchloser Perikarderguß. Nach frustranen konservativen Therapieversuchen mittels parenteraler Ernährung und MCT-Diät wurde als neue Behandlungsmethode des Chyloperikards ein perikardio-peritonealer Shunt durch operative Fensterung angelegt. Postoperativ wurde bei beginnender Reakkumulation des Perikardergusses die konservative Behandlung fortgesetzt. Nach dieser erstmals eingesetzten Kombinationstherapie war die Patientin über zwei Jahre beschwerde- und rezidivfrei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Acromegaly ; Osteoporosis ; Collagen type II ; Lysyl hydroxylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Although it is now 60 years after Erdheim's (1931) detailed description of vertebral alterations in severe acromegaly, it is still unclear whether osteoporosis is a consistent feature of acromegalic bone disease or not. We studied the vertebral trabecular bone of a 44-year-old woman who had suffered active acromegaly for more than 20 years, and compared it with 17 normal as well as 2 osteoporotic controls. Histomorphometry revealed a very low trabecular bone volume and thus documented the presence of osteoporosis. The mean trabecular plate thickness was strikingly increased in acromegaly (possibly caused in part by a low-dose fluoride treatment), whereas it was normal or reduced in the osteoporotic controls. The meticulous analysis showed islands of cartilaginous tissue in the core of the acromegalic trabeculae which were not present in any other sample. In these areas collagen II was detected by immunohistochemistry. Biochemical analysis revealed that collagen II accounted for 7% of the total collagenous matrix. The degree of hydroxylation of lysyl residues of collagen I was close to the average value of all control samples studied. Our data show that osteoporosis can occur in acromegaly and that it is characterized by unusual architectural and compositional features. These findings challenge the prevailing view that the matrix of osteoporotic bone always shows a normal composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 16 (1990), S. 378-383 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Cardiac Arrest ; Resuscitation ; Outcome ; Prognosis ; Prospective study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Of 347 victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest 196 (56.5%) died before and 109 (31.4%) after admission to hospital, while 42 patients (12.1%) were discharged alive. The 37 patients (10.7%) discharged without severe hypoxic brain damage were assigned to the group with “good”, the remaining 310 patients to the group with “poor outcome”. From results of stepwise logistic regression, a score was derived to specifically identify victims with poor prognosis (values in brackets=score points; cutpoint: score〉3 points): age≤70 (0), 71–80 (1), 〉80 (2); ECG ventricular fibrillation (0), other (1); no aspiration (0), aspiration (1); pupils round (0), not round (1); gasping (0), apnea (1); bystander resuscitation — yes (0), no (1). Evaluation of the score revealed a specificity of 100% (0.95 confidence interval: 80%–100%) and predictive value of 100% (0.95 confidence interval: 95%–100%). A predictive score for specific identification of victims with poor prognosis can contribute to decision making in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 342-345 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Pituitary insufficiency ; Sarcoidosis ; Pituitary adenoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 66-year-old woman presenting with pituitary insufficiency was operated on for an intrasellar tumor. Surprisingly, this tumor, at first suspected to be a hormone-inactive pituitary adenoma, consisted in fact of sarcoid granulomatous tissue in the pituitary gland as found histologically. The morphological picture as seen in the cranial computed tomography was identical with that of an adenoma. This possibility had not previously been considered, although there had been an extracerebral manifestation of the sarcoidosis in the left ovary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 549-555 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptides ; Anterior pituitary hormones ; Prolactin, somatotropin, thyrotropin, pituitary gonadotropins ; Adrenocorticotropic hormone, hydrocortisone ; Pituitary function test ; Pituitary hormone-releasing hormones ; Human study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of intravenous human atrial natriuretic factor ANF(99-126) administration on anterior pituitary hormone secretion have not been extensively investigated in humans. We repeatedly studied 10 healthy volunteers (5 female, 5 male, aged 28±2 years) on 2 occasions, 3 days apart. In randomized, single blind order, subjects received pretreatment with either placebo or intravenous ANF(99–126) (bolus 100 μg/kg, 30-min infusion of 0.1 μg/kg-min). Subsequently, on both occasions subjects received a combined intravenous bolus injection of pituitary releasing hormones (200 pg thyrotropin releasing hormone, 100 μg gonadotropin releasing hormone, 50 μg growth hormone releasing hormone and 100 μg human adrenocorticotropin releasing hormone; Bissendorf, Hannover, FRG). Plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), growth hormone (GH), thyrotropin (TSH), prolactin, ANF and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) were determined by radioimmunoassay. ANF(99–126) treatment induced a significant reduction in basal ACTH plasma concentrations and tended to decrease basal plasma cortisol. The TSH response to combined releasing hormone administration was significantly diminished after ANF(99-126) pretreatment. In women, the releasing hormone induced prolactin increase was reduced after ANF(99–126) pretreatment. With the present study design, ANF(99–126) did not alter the basal or releasing hormone stimulated plasma concentrations of cortisol, LH, FSH and GH. Releasing hormone administration did not affect ANF and cyclic GMP plasma levels. In humans, effects of natriuretic peptides on anterior pituitary hormone secretion may have to be considered with investigational or therapeutic administration of ANF analogues or agents interfering with the ANF metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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