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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hybridization of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) through a flower-culture method (1995)
    Springer
    Euphytica 83 (1995), S. 159-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; flower-culture method ; intergeneric cross ; oilseed rape ; radish ; Raphanus sativus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Hybridization between radish and oilseed rape has been cumbersome, requiring elaborate embryo rescue techniques. With a modified flower culture method, we have achieved successful hybridization between radish and (transgenic) oilseed rape without the laborious and technically demandingin vitro ovule or embryo rescue techniques. The hybrid nature of the intergeneric hybrids was demonstrated using morphological traits, and DNA analyses. The described method will facilitate the generation ofRaphanobrassica hybrids useful for biosafety studies of the potential for transgenes to spread in weedyCruciferae as well as for breeding programs aimed at introducing useful radish genes, e.g. nematode resistance genes, into oilseed rape.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01678044
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A transgene-centered approach to the biosafety of transgenic phosphinothricin-tolerant plants (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 4 (1998), S. 335-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: ecology ; genetic modification ; herbicides ; risk assessment ; toxicology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The microbial bar and pat genes confer tolerance to the non-selective herbicide phosphinothricin (PPT; sold as Basta or Finale). This tolerance in plants could provide an environmental gain compared to current-day herbicide cocktails, but the safety of such a transgene approach is questioned by many. The biosafety of the presence of these herbicide tolerance genes in plants is evaluated in a ‘transgene-centered approach’. Potentially, the introduction of transgenic PPT-tolerant crops could result in acquired PPT tolerance in weedy relatives of these crops. Assuming responsible use of this trait in agronomy, the ecological consequences with respect to weediness or spread of the transgenic PPT tolerance are concluded to be negligible. The key issue for the toxicological evaluation is whether or not the plant has actually been sprayed with PPT. Consumption of the gene and/or gene product from unsprayed transgenic plant material will not have adverse effects. In case of PPT-sprayed material, PPT or its derivatives could be present in food and feed and crop-specific metabolites might be formed. To date, the toxicological impact of such a putative exposure is not sufficiently clear, and further premarket testing is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009695124173
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review: Biosafety of E. coli β-glucuronidase (GUS) in plants (1998)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 7 (1998), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: biosafety ; Escherichia coli ; familiarity ; genetic modification ; β-glucuronidase (GUS) ; substantial equivalence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene is to date the most frequently used reporter gene in plants. Marketing of crops containing this gene requires prior evaluation of their biosafety. To aid such evaluations of the GUS gene, irrespective of the plant into which the gene has been introduced, the ecological and toxicological aspects of the gene and gene product have been examined. GUS activity is found in many bacterial species, is common in all tissues of vertebrates and is also present in organisms of various invertebrate taxa. The transgenic GUS originates from the enterobacterial species Escherichia coli that is widespread in the vertebrate intestine, and in soil and water ecosystems. Any GUS activity added to the ecosystem through genetically modified plants will be of no or minor influence. Selective advantages to genetically modified plants that posses and express the E. coli GUS transgene are unlikely. No increase of weediness of E. coli GUS expressing crop plants, or wild relatives that might have received the transgene through outcrossing, is expected. Since E. coli GUS naturally occurs ubiquitously in the digestive tract of consumers, its presence in food and feed from genetically modified plants is unlikely to cause any harm. E. coli GUS in genetically modified plants and their products can be regarded as safe for the environment and consumers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008832711805
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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