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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatitis C viral cDNA clones isolated from a healthy carrier donor implicated in post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Gene 91 (1990), S. 287-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: Blood transfusion ; antibody assay ; flaviviridae ; polymerase chain reaction ; recombinant DNA ; sequence homologies
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0378-1119(90)90102-W
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatitis C Virus Infection is Highly Correlated with Hepatocellular Apoptosis and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 MRNA Expression in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Wound repair and regeneration 13 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-475X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To determine whether hepatocellular apoptosis is involved in chronic liver injury in patients with chronic hepatitis C, the correlations among the rate of hepatocellular apoptosis, the rate of hepatocytes infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and TGF-β1 mRNA expression, were histologically examined. HCV was visualized by in situ PCR technique. Apoptotic hepatocytes were determined by TUNEL technique. TGF-β1 mRNA expression was quantified by Northern blotting analysis, and visualized by in situ hybridization. Fas-antigen and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) on hepatocytes, and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and desmin were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. In the areas of inflammation, TUNEL-positive apoptotic hepatocytes and PCNA-positive hepatocytes were occasionally observed around HCV-positive hepatocyte. TGF-β1 mRNA-positive myofibroblast-like Ito cells (double-positive for αSMA and desmin) were also observed near the HCV-positive hepatocytes. Fas-antigen was detected on the surface of most hepatocytes in all lobules. A high correlation was found between the rate of HCV positive hepatocytes and that of apoptotic hepatocytes (r = 0.81, P 〈 0.05). The increase in number of HCV-positive hepatocytes was linked to the increases in TGF-β1 mRNA level (r = 0.79, P 〈 0.05) and number of TGF-β1 mRNA-positive Ito cells (r = 0.74, P 〈 0.05). These findings confirmed that the increase in HCV-infected hepatocytes is related to the increase of hepatocellular apoptosis and the increase of TGF-β1 mRNA in the liver of hepatitis C patients. TGF-β1 plays an important role in apoptosis of hepatocytes infected with HCV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1067-1927.2005.130117r.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of detectability of hepatitis C virus genome in saliva of elderly Japanese symptomatic HCV carriers with their hepatic function (1995)
    Springer
    Infection 23 (1995), S. 258-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Genom des Hepatitis-C-Virus (HCV) wurde im Speichel von 76 chronischen HCV-Trägern (Durchschnittsalter knapp 60 Jahre), die einen hohen c-100-Serum-Titer und Core-Antikörper der zweiten Generation aufweisen und in einer ländlichen Stadt in Japan leben, gesucht. In 27 Proben (27 Fälle, 36%) wurde das HCV-RNA-Genom nachgewiesen durch reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase-Kettenreaktion mit beiden Primer-Sätzen, die zwei Regionen des HCV-Genomes einschließen: die 5′-nichtkodierende Region und die die mutmaßliche Hülle umgebende Region (E1). Die Transaminasen-Werte zur Zeit der Probenahme waren bei Patienten mit HCV-RNA im Speichel höher als bei denjenigen ohne feststellbare HCV-RNA (p=0.04 für Alaninaminotransferase, p=0.04 für Aspartataminotransferase; Wilcoxon-Test). Zwar war die Häufigkeit der Positivität bei 5′-nichtkodierenden Primern höher (14/59 gegenüber 15/68), aber die Differenz war nicht signifikant. Unsere Daten zeigen, daß die Schwere und die Dauer der Leberfunktionsstörung die Nachweisbarkeit des HCV-Genoms im Speichel beeinflussen, was ein strittiger Punkt unter den Forschern war.
    Notes: Summary The hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome was sought in the saliva of 76 chronic HCV carriers (mean age nearly 60 years) in a rural Japanese twon, who had high serum titers of c-100 and anti-core second generation antibodies. In 27 samples (27 cases, 36%), the HCV-RNA genome was detected by the reverse transcriptase — polymerase chain reaction with either of two sets of primers covering two regions of the HCV genome: the 5'noncoding region and the region encompassing the putative envelope (E1). Transaminase values at the time of sampling were higher in the patients with than in those without detectable HCV RNA in saliva (p=0.04 for alanine aminotransferase, p=0.04 for aspartate aminotransferase; Wilcoxon test). The prevalence of the positivity was higher by 5'noncoding primers (14/59 vs. 15/68). Our data show that the severity and duration of hepatic dysfunction influence the detectability of the HCV genome in the saliva. This has been a controversial point among investigators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716281
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early cytoplasmic vacuolization of African green monkey kidney cells by SV40 (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 48 (1975), S. 147-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary As early as 3–4 hours after infection with SV 40 at a high input multiplicity, African green monkey(Cercopithecus aethiops) kidney (AGMK) cells developed cytoplasmic vacuolization. At 10–20 hours after infection, the vacuolization reached its maximal level, then disappeared and SV 40 specific cytopathic change followed. This vacuolization developed before the synthesis of the specific T and V antigens. This early cytoplasmic vacuolization (ECV) was prevented by preincubating the virus with specific antiserum, or by heating the virus with MgCl2. The ECV could be induced by UV-irradiated SV 40. Addition of metabolic inhibitors had no effect on the induction of the ECV. These results suggest that the capacity to induce the ECV resides in a structural component(s) of SV 40 virion and the vacuolization is not associated with the replication of SV 40.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01318147
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic basis of the neurovirulence of type 1 polioviruses isolated from vaccine-associated paralytic patients (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 141 (1996), S. 1047-1054 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined four type 1 polioviruses isolated from the stools of patients with vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in China. All of these isolates were shown to be Sabin derived viruses by restriction fragment length polymorphism assay after polymerase chain reaction and by sequencing of the viral genome encoding the viral coat protein, VP1. However, the same analysis of the 3D coding region suggested that two of the four isolates had the sequence of wild type poliovirus in the tested region. Furthermore there were also point mutations in the 5′ non-coding region. One was a single base change from U to C at nucleotide position 525, and the other three were from G to A at position 480. All the four strains were more neurovirulent than Sabin type 1 virus in transgenic mice with human poliovirus receptor gene. The data showed that the nucleotide positions of type 1 poliovirus which were identified to be in favor of the high neurovirulence were indeed changed during natural transmission, and suggested that the point mutation alone or a recombination of the vaccine type with wild type genome results in an acquisition of neurovirulence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01718608
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between detection of anti-viral antibody and histopathological disease activity in an epidemic of hepatitis C (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 126 (1992), S. 171-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary There was an epidemic of non-A non-B hepatitis in a small area of a town in the central part of Japan, which began with an outbreak of several patients in 1981 and then spread extensively with the result that about one third of the inhabitants showed abnormality in serum liver function tests at the health check performed in 1985. We determined histological diagnoses on that occasion for 167 individuals of the abnormal population and recently assayed antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) for most of their sera left available. Histologically, chronic active hepatitis (CAH) was the major pattern, accounting for 59.3% (99 cases) of the total. Others were chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) (13.2%), chronic lobular hepatitis (CLH) (16.2%), liver cirrhosis (LC) (6.6%) and fatty liver (4.8%). In the serological studies, the newly developed system to detect antibodies against the viral core protein p 22 was found to be much more sensitive than the conventional system to detect anti C 100-3 antibodies. By using these two methods in combination, we found that 82% were antibody-positive, indicating strong implication of HCV in this epidemic. This was further supported by direct detection of the viral genome in patients' sera by polymerase chain reaction following reverse transcription. We further found a strong correlation between the histological inflammatory activity and the antibody prevalence, since nearly all (97.6%) of the CAH cases were antibody-positive by at least either of the antibody assays, while only about 50% were positive in the less active cases such as CPH and CLH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01309693
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