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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cortical reorganization and phantom phenomena in congenital and traumatic upper-extremity amputees (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 119 (1998), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Cortical plasticity ; Phantom limb pain ; Traumatic amputation ; Congenital aplasia ; Neuromagnetic source imaging ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The relationship between phantom limb phenomena and cortical reorganization was examined in five subjects with congenital absence of an upper limb and nine traumatic amputees. Neuromagnetic source imaging revealed minimal reorganization of primary somatosensory cortex in the congenital amputees (M=0.69 cm, SD 0.24) and the traumatic amputees without phantom limb pain (M=0.27 cm, SD 0.25); the amputees with phantom limb pain showed massive cortical reorganization (M=2.22 cm, SD 0.78). Phantom limb pain and nonpainful phantom limb phenomena were absent in the congenital amputees. Whereas phantom limb pain was positively related to cortical reorganization (r=0.87), nonpainful phantom phenomena were not significantly correlated with cortical reorganization (r=0.34). Sensory discrimination was normal and mislocalization (referral of stimulation-induced sensation to a phantom limb) was absent in the congenital amputees. The role of peripheral and central factors in the understanding of phantom limb pain and phantom limb phenomena is discussed in view of these findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050334
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Input-increase and input-decrease types of cortical reorganization after upper extremity amputation in humans (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 117 (1997), S. 161-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Somatosensory ; Cortex ; Plasticity ; Amputation ; Magnetoencephalography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A plastic remodeling of regions in somatosensory cortex has previously been observed to occur in separate experimental paradigms in response to loss of somatosensory input and to increase in input. In this study, both types of cortical reorganization have been observed to occur concurrently in the same adult human nervous system as a result of a single intervention. Following upper extremity amputation, magnetic source imaging revealed that tactile stimulation of the lip evoked responses not only in the area of the somatosensory cortex corresponding to the face, but also within the cortical region that would normally correspond to the now absent hand. This “invasion” of the cortical amputation zone was accompanied by a significant increase in the size of the representation of the digits of the intact hand, presumably as a result of an increased importance of sensory stimulation consequent to increased dependence on that hand imposed by the loss of the contralateral extremity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050210
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic brain activity evoked and induced by visually presented words and nonverbal stimuli (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 37 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Evoked and induced magnetic brain activity measured over the left hemisphere were tested for their specificity to language-related processing. Induced activity refers to oscillatory alterations time locked but not phase locked to the stimulus. Words, false font stimuli, and two types of nonverbal patterns were presented visually while subjects performed a nonlinguistic visual feature detection task. The comparison of evoked and induced brain activity around 200 ms after stimulus onset revealed differential sensitivity to the stimuli. The M180 component of the evoked magnetic field was larger at the processing of words and false font stimuli compared with nonverbal stimuli. The induced magnetic brain activity in the 60-Hz band at a compatible latency range was correlated with the familiarity of the visual Gestalt. Sensitivity to language-specific information processing can be concluded if a parameter differentiates the word condition from the nonlexical conditions. Such a difference was observed at sensors located over the frontal-temporal scalp regions for induced but not evoked magnetic brain activity. Thus, evoked and induced magnetic brain activity revealed a differential sensitivity to elements of cognitive processing during the given task.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3740447
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased auditory cortical representation in musicians (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 392 (1998), S. 811-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Acoustic stimuli are processed throughout the auditory projection pathway, including the neocortex, by neurons that are aggregated into ‘tonotopic’ maps according to their specific frequency tunings. Research on animals has shown that tonotopic representations are not statically ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/33918
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changed perceptions in Braille readers (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 391 (1998), S. 134-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The mature mammalian nervous system has a striking capacity for plastic remodelling in response to environmental changes, but little is known about the perceptual and behavioural relevance of this phenomenon. Using magnetic source imaging we show that the cortical somatosensory representation ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/34322
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tonotopic representation of missing fundamental complex sounds in the human auditory cortex (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The N1m component of the auditory evoked magnetic field in response to tones and complex sounds was examined in order to clarify whether the tonotopic representation in the human secondary auditory cortex is based on perceived pitch or the physical frequency spectrum of the sound. The investigated stimulus parameters were the fundamental frequencies (F0 = 250, 500 and 1000 Hz), the spectral composition of the higher harmonics of the missing fundamental sounds (2nd to 5th, 6th to 9th and 10th to 13th harmonic) and the frequencies of pure tones corresponding to F0 and to the lowest component of each complex sound. Tonotopic gradients showed that high frequencies were more medially located than low frequencies for the pure tones and for the centre frequency of the complex tones. Furthermore, in the superior–inferior direction, the tonotopic gradients were different between pure tones and complex sounds. The results were interpreted as reflecting different processing in the auditory cortex for pure tones and complex sounds. This hypothesis was supported by the result of evoked responses to complex sounds having longer latencies. A more pronounced tonotopic representation in the right hemisphere gave evidence for right hemispheric dominance in spectral processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02769.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evoked and induced gamma-band activity of the human cortex (1995)
    Springer
    Brain topography 7 (1995), S. 321-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6792
    Keywords: Evoked and induced gamma-band activity ; MEG ; EEG ; Human cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The evoked gamma-band activity is an event related rhythmic response which persists within the first 100ms after the stimulus onset. It shows spectral peaks between 30 and 40 Hz in the auditory, between 45 and 55 Hz in the somatosensory and between 100 and 110 Hz in the visual system. After separation of the wide-band activity in slow and gamma-band activity, a moving single equivalent current dipole model accounts for each activity almost completely. The induced gamma-band activity is not phase-locked to the stimulus or it is strongly gittering and thus it cannot be extracted in time domain. In this case we are using signal analysis methods in frequency domain. The evaluation of the induced brain gamma-band activity around 30 Hz shows differences to word and nonword stimuli. It was supposed that the induced gamma-band activity represents the synchronized activity of Hebbian cell assemblies correlated to words.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01195258
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