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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kinder der Zeugen Jehovas ; Anämie ; Verbrennung ; Erythropoetin ; Key words Children of Jehovah's witnesses ; Burn injury ; Anaemia ; Erythropoietin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A 3.5-year-old girl suffered from a thermal injury affecting 37% of the body surface area. The parents, being Jehovah's witnesses, refused permission for their child to receive blood transfusions. As the haemoglobin level was only 7.5% and a necrectomy was planned, the patient was likely to need blood transfusions. Indications for transfusion were defined as clinical signs of hypoxia and/or cardiovascular instability. A judicial declaration was proposed. Hb decreased during the therapy. To stimulate the erythropoiesis erythropoietin and iron were administered. During the clinical course the anaemia worsened. First, a conservative treatment with polyvidoniodine ointment for tanning was started, to avoid an operation during the acute phase after the injury, as in this case it was thought a blood transfusion would definitely be necessary. On the 19th day after the injury a necrectomy of 10% of the body surface was necessary because of fever and leucocytosis not responding to antibiotics. The most likely cause of the symptoms was an infection of the burned area. Hb was 4.6 g/dl%. General anaesthesia was performed with midazolam, ketamine and vecuronium and mechanical ventilation. No blood transfusion was required during the operation.Vital signs were stable during the preoperative period, during anaesthesia and following the operation. There were no signs of tissue hypoxia. Peripheral oxygen saturation ranged between 98% and 100%, lactate and arterial blood gas samples were normal, and the child was awake and cooperative before and after anaesthesia. The lowest Hb was 3.3 g/dl on the 22th day after injury (3rd postoperative day). In this phase the patient was still playing and riding a tricycle. On the 45th day after injury the child was discharged home with Hb of 10.9 g/dl and reticulocytosis of 33%.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein 3,5jähriges Mädchen, dessen Eltern als Zeugen Jehovas eine Bluttransfusion bei ihrem Kind kategorisch ablehnten, wurde mit einer Verbrennung von 37% der Körperoberfläche und einem Hb von 7,5 g/dl zur Operation verlegt. Als Transfusionsindikationen wurden für den stationären Aufenthalt klinische Zeichen einer Hypoxie und/oder Kreislaufinstabilität festgelegt. Es wurde eine richterliche Verfügung erwirkt, die den Eltern das Sorgerecht für die medizinischen Maßnahmen entzog, um ggf. bei oben beschriebener Indikation eine Transfusion durchführen zu können. Im Verlauf der Behandlung nahmen Hb und Hk weiter ab. Trotz Gabe von Erythropoetin und Eisen konnte die Erythropoese nicht stimuliert werden. Um eine Operation im Akutstadium zu vermeiden, die mit einer hohen Wahrscheinlichkeit eine Bluttransfusion erforderlich gemacht hätte, wurde primär eine konservative Therapie mit einer Gerbung durch Polyvidon-Jodsalbe durchgeführt. Aufgrund einer nekrosebedingten systemischen Infektion erfolgte am 19. Tag eine Nekrosektomie von ca. 10% der Körperoberfläche mit Deckung durch Eigenhaut vom Unterschenkel in intravenöser Anästhesie und kontrollierter Beatmung (Ketamin/Midazolam/Vecuronium). Der Hb betrug präoperativ 4,6 g/dl, der Hk 14%. Da das Kind während des gesamten stationären Aufenthalts kreislaufstabil war und keine Zeichen einer Hypoxie auftraten, wurde keine Transfusion durchgeführt. Der niedrigste Hb betrug am 22. Tag nach Unfall (=3. postoperativer Tag) 3,3 g/dl. Am 45. Tag nach Unfall wurde das Kind mit einem Hb von 10,9 g/dl und 33% Retikulozyten im Differentialblutbild nach Hause entlassen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2129
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Sympathische Reflexdystrophie ; M. Sudeck ; Sympathische Hautantwort ; Key words Reflex sympathetic dystrophy ; Sympathetic skin response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine the value of the sympathetic skin response (SSR) in the diagnosis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD). Patients and methods SSR was recorded in 20 normal subjects and in 24 patients with predominantly chronic RSD. In 3 patients with RSD, additional recordings of the SSR were performed before and several times after administration of local anaesthetics via a plexus catheter on the diseased side. SSR was recorded with standard EMG apparatus. Disc electrodes were positioned on the middle of the volar and dorsal surfaces of the hands and feet. Electrical stimuli were applied to the middle of the forehead at irregular intervals longer than 60 s. Results In normal subjects inter- and intraindividually different monophasic, biphasic and triphasic potentials without difference in the waveform between sides were recorded. SSR abnormalities were found in 15 patients with RSD and correlated with the severity of the disease. In patients with slight dystrophy SSR was predominantly normal, while in most of those with intermediate dystrophy differences in the SSR waveform between sides were observed. In the presence of severe dystrophy SSR amplitude was predominantly decreased on the affected side. Following the administration of local anaesthetics via a plexus catheter, the differences in SSR waveform became smaller in patients with initial distinct side difference of the waveform. However, differences in SSR amplitudes or latencies between sides were not affected. Conclusions Side differences in SSR waveform could be due to a mild, reversible unilateral sudomotor dysfunction, whereas differences in SSR amplitude or latency indicate more serious damage to sudomotor activity, possibly due to dysfunction of autonomic fibres. In patients with slight dystrophy sweat secretion is predominantly normal, while in severe dystrophy more serious damage to the sweat secretory system can be observed. SSR provides useful information on sudomotor dysfunction in patients with RSD. However, as there is no consensus on the clinical criteria for diagnosis of RSD, it is also not possible to determine the diagnostic value of SSR in the diagnosis of RSD.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Überprüfung der diagnostischen Wertigkeit der sympathischen Hautantwort (SHA) bei Patienten mit sogenannter sympathischer Reflexdystrophie (SRD) wurde die SHA bei 20 Gesunden und 24 Patienten mit SRD abgeleitet. Bei 3 Patienten mit SRD wurde die SHA ferner vor und in mehreren Zeitabständen nach Verabreichung von Lokalanästhetika über einen Plexus- bzw. Grenzstrangkatheter abgeleitet. Im Normalkollektiv fanden sich intraindividuell zum Teil unterschiedliche mono-, bi- und triphasische Potentiale ohne wesentliche Seitendifferenz. Veränderungen der SHA fanden sich bei 15 Patienten mit SRD und zeigten eine gute Übereinstimmung mit der Schwere der Erkrankung. Bei diskreter Symptomatik war die SHA überwiegend normal, bei mittelschweren Erkrankungen fanden sich häufig Veränderungen der Potentialform. Bei ausgeprägter Symptomatik zeigte sich meist eine Amplitudenminderung der SHA auf der erkrankten Seite. Unter Lokalanästhetikagabe kam es bei Patienten mit initialer Seitendifferenz der Potentialform zu einer Angleichung der SHA, Amplituden- und Latenzdifferenzen waren jedoch unbeeinflußt. Veränderungen der Potentialform der SHA sind am ehesten als Folge einer leichteren, reversiblen Funktionsstörung der Schweißsekretion aufzufassen, Amplituden- und Latenzdifferenzen weisen auf eine schwerere Schädigung der Sudosekretion, z. B. im Rahmen einer Läsion autonomer Fasern hin. Da die Kriterien zur Diagnose einer SRD bisher umstritten sind, läßt sich auch die Wertigkeit der SHA für die Diagnosestellung der SRD nicht abschließend beurteilen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical autonomic research 5 (1995), S. 205-210 
    ISSN: 1619-1560
    Keywords: sympathetic skin response ; reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The sympathetic skin response (SSR) originates from synchronized activation of the sweat glands as a response to a volley discharge in efferent sympathetic nerve fibres. The aim of the study was to verify the diagnostic value of SSR in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD). SSR was recorded in 20 normal subjects and in 24 patients with predominantly chronic RSD. In normal subjects inter- and intra-individually different mono-, bi- and triphasic potentials could be recorded without difference of the waveform from side to side. SSR abnormalities were found in 15 patients and correlated with the severity of the disease. In patients with slight dystrophies, SSR was predominantly normal. In intermediate dystrophies, mainly differences of the SSR waveform between sides could be recorded, indicating unilateral sudomotor dysfunction. In severe dystrophies abnormalities of SSR amplitude or latency were found, indicating more serious disturbance of sudomotor activity, possibly due to a lesion of sympathetic fibres. The SSR provides useful information on sudomotor dysfunction in patients with RSD. However, as there is no consensus in the literature for the clinical criteria to diagnose RSD, it is not yet possible to determine the final diagnostic value of SSR for the diagnoses of RSD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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