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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 162 (1981), S. 173-181 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Renin ; Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Immunocytochemistry ; Fetal kidney ; Renin-angiotensin-system (RAS)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The differentiation of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in fetuses and newborn mice was investigated by renin immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Three to four days before delivery and prior to other organs renin was found in the fetal kidney. At this early time immunoreactivity was preferentially located in cells of the media of interlobular arteries. In newborn mice the formation of new nephrons and maturation of their glomeruli was accompanied by a shift in renin localization from the interlobular arteries to the afferent arterioles. At the same time, kidney renin content and concentration increased rapidly. Synchronously with renin immunoreactivity, during the capillary loop stage of glomerular development, granulated epitheloid cells became visible in the afferent arteriole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Calcitonin ; Carcinoembryonic antigen ; Medullary thyroid carcinoma in vitro ; Organ culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tissue cultures of four C-cell carcinomas (medullary thyroid carcinoma, MTC) were prepared to study the basal and stimulated calcitonin (CT) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) release. Immunohistological staining of the explants for CT and CEA have been performed after various periods of culture. These MTC explants were able continuously to release CT and CEA for periods up to 157 days. The spontaneous CT and CEA release decreased sharply during the 1st week of culture, then remained nearly constant over the observation period. The CEA/CT secretion ratio slightly declined during long-term culture; CEA release seems to drop earlier than CT production. CT and CEA could be detected in the same cells by immunocytochemical technique. The septal tissue consisting of dense connective tissue and amyloid produced by tumor cells seemed to increase during long-term culture. CT, but not CEA, was stimulated by pentagastrin (10−5 M), glucagon (6×10−6 M), and dose related by calcium (2.5–20 mM) in vitro. The MTC explant organ long-term culture proved to be a useful model for studies of human CT and CEA secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 82-86 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Katacalcin ; Tumor marker ; C-cell carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Katacalcin (KC) is situated on the C-terminal side of the procalcitonin molecule and is cleaved like calcitonin (CT) from this precursor peptide. Serum levels of KC were measured in 22 patients with C-cell carcinoma with a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay (normal range, 〈0.1–0.15 ng/ml). Basal serum KC values in C-cell carcinoma patients were 0.32-290 ng/ml. There was a good correlation between KC and CT (r=0.98,P〈0.001). Serum KC, as well as CT, markedly increased after pentagastrin and calcium infusion. KC and CT were secreted in nearly equimolar amounts. During selective venous catheterization, KC and CT levels were increased in serum samples from veins draining tumor masses, which could be confirmed operatively. During the follow up, KC and CT measurements correlated well to the stage of disease. KC could be immunohistologically localized in C-cell carcinoma tissue. As a tumor marker, katacalcin is likely to be as useful as calcitonin in C-cell carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Voltage dependent calcium channels ; Calcitoninsecretion ; Human medullary thyroid carcinoma ; BAY K 8644-nifedipine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Extracellular calcium concentration is an important regulator of calcitonin secretion. We used primary cell cultures of human medullary thyroid carcinoma to study the role of voltage dependent calcium channels for stimulus secretion coupling. Increasing extracellular calcium concentration (1.6–5.0 mM) in the medium caused a dose dependent release of calcitonin. The calcium channel activator BAY K 8644, a dihydropyridine, stimulated calcitonin secretion in a dose dependent manner (10−7−10−5 M). This effect was completely inhibited by equimolar concentrations of the calcium channel blocker nifedipine and abolished in the absence of extracellular calcium. Similarly, nifedipine suppressed the stimulatory action of extracellular calcium. The effects of calcium and BAY K 8644 with and without nifedipine suggest that calcium influx via voltage dependent calcium channels plays an important role in calcitonin secretion. The primary cell culture of human medullary thyroid carcinoma is a good model for the study of stimulus secretion coupling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Lung 91 (1938), S. 493-507 
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Zufütterung von Leinöl, Leinöl-Cholesterin wie Olivenöl-Cholesterin hat bei Kaninchen und Meerschweinchen eine Verschlimmerung des Krankheitsablaufes der experimentellen Tuberkulose zur Folge. 2. Diese ungünstige Beeinflussung ist sowohl auf die verwandten Öle wie das Cholesterin zurückzuführen. 3. Der Blutfett- wie Blutcholesteringehalt erfährt bei Kaninchen wie Meerschweinchen unter der Infektion und bei fortschreitendem Krankheitscharakter durchweg eine Erhöhung, die naturgemäß am stärksten bei Öl- wie Ölcholesterinzufütterung ist. 4. Auf Grund unserer Versuche und vor allem im Hinblick auf die starke physiologische Schwankungsbreite des Cholesterins beim Menschen erscheint es nicht ratsam, aus einem erhöhten Cholesteringehalt des Blutes ohne weiteres auf einen relativ gutartigen Krankheitscharakter zu schließen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 111 (1986), S. 284-288 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: C-cell carcinoma ; Monolayer culture ; Calcitonin ; Carcinoembryonic antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mechanically dissociated cells from a surgically removed mediastinal C-cell carcinoma (MTC) were cultured over a period of 4 months. The cells of the monolayer culture consisted of clusters of small epithelial-like cells. Using semithin and ultrathin sections, two different types of cells could be characterized by shape of nucleus and by content and distribution of secretory granules. One type of cell showed a more irregularly shaped nucleus, the other contained a large oval nucleus, similar to the normal C-cell of the human thyroid. Calcitonin (CT) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured in supernatants in duplicate by radioimmunoassays. Radioimmuno-detectable CT levels in the supernatant of culture medium varied between 0.8 and 1.6 ng/ml and CEA levels between 5 and 27 ng/ml during a 2-month period. The present study proves that in monolayer-cultured cells of a MTC, metastases continue to produce radioimmuno-detectable CT and CEA. Whether the two different cell types in culture are relevant for carcinoma needs further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two different models of chronic C cell stimulation by the hypercalcemic state were compared with respect to their morphology, immunocytochemistry, and biochemistry. In the chronic hypercalcemic state due to the HWCS 256 strain of the Walker tumor C cells show signs of degeneration such as vacuolation, on day 7 after tumor implantation. On day 10 tumor induced hypercalcemia leads to irreversible cell damage with karyopyknosis and karyorhexis. These morphological changes are accompanied by a decline in radioimmunologically measurable calcitonin content of the thyroid and by the loss of response to acute stimulation of C cells. In contrast, in the hypercalcemic state due to 1,25(OH)2D3 intoxication we find an almost complete degranulation of C cells but no signs of degeneration or cell damage, although the thyroid calcitonin content and the calcitonin secretion capacity is greatly reduced. Tumor induced cachexia as a reason for C cell damage in tumor bearing rats could be excluded. Other possible reasons, such as acute overstimulation and tumor factors acting directly on C cells are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Neuron-specific enolase ; Medullary thyroid carcinoma ; Tumor marker ; Calcitonin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is an enzyme detectable in nervous and neuroendocrine tissue. Increased serum levels of NSE are found in small cell lung cancer and in patients with neuroblastoma, in whom NSE is used as a serum tumor marker. We have investigated 32 patients with histologically proven medullary thyroid carcinoma, a tumor of neuroendocrine origin, in which the classical tumor marker calcitonin (CT) was pathologically elevated. Positive immunocytochemistry for NSE and CT in C-cells was obtained in all cases. Increased serum NSE levels were found in only 5 of 32 patients, there was no correlation between NSE and CT concentrations. We also compared NSE and CT serum levels during long-term follow-up and again found no correlation between NSE and CT. After i.v. stimulation tests with pentagastrin and calcium, no correlation was found between NSE and CT serum levels. We conclude, therefore, that in medullary thyroid carcinoma NSE is useful for immunocytochemistry but not a reliable serum tumor marker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 66 (1980), S. 229-238 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of renin in the uterus of non-pregnant mice was studied by immunocytochemistry, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique, by electron microscopy and biochemical renin estimation. By immunocytochemistry, two separate localizations of renin could be identified, one in the apical region of the endometrial cells, the other in perivascular cells of the myometrium. The renin concentration in the endometrium, as determined cytochemically, and the total renin content of the uterus, as estimated enzymatically, varied with the ovarian cycle, being highest during the oestrus and lowest during the post-oestrus phase. The electronmicroscopic finding of fluctuations in the granule content of the epithelial cells was in accordance with the immunocytochemical and biochemical data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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