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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Chinese hamster ; diabetes ; ketonuria ; survival rates ; epidemiology ; urinary incontinence ; genetic heterogeneity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two populations of Chinese hamsters have been produced. The nondiabetic population was from nondiabetic parents and the diabetic-producing population was from diabetic parents. Both populations had fixed reproducible genetic background since dams and sires were from inbred sublines. Sixty percent of males, but only 37% of females, born to diabetic parents developed diabetes.— Life span for males was nondiabetics 〉 mild diabetics 〉 ketonuric diabetics. Results for females were equivocal. Mortality of severe ketonuric diabetics appears to be related to urinary tract involvement. Survival appears to be related to abnormal metabolism, not genotype. On the basis of available data males appear more suitable for epidemiological studies on the incidence, onset, and severity of diabetes, on the evaluation of treatment of the disease, and on the longevity of diabetics. —Data on crossing diabetics from different sublines suggest that diabetic Chinese hamsters can have different genotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 6 (1970), S. 154-157 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes in animals ; chinese hamster ; cricetulus griseus ; epidemiology ; onset of diabetes ; age and diabetes ; longevity and diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les résultats de l'étude portant sur 5832 animaux de la colonie de hamsters chinois de la «Upjohn Company»〉, mis en observation entre décembre 1966 et septembre 1969, ont été rassemblés et enregistrés sur bande magnétique. Ces données ont été analysées afin d'établir la date de l'apparition du diabète et la durée de vie des animaux. La manifestation du diabète, chez 50% des animaux (OT50), se situe à 8.3 mois en 1966; à 4.3 mois en 1967; à 2.6 mois en 1968 et à 2.2 mois pour les premiers huit mois de 1969. Avec le temps, l'apparition d'un diabète devient plus uniforme et mieux prévisible. Au début de l'histoire de cette colonie, le moment de la manifestation d'un diabète variait entre 3 et 31 mois. Les animaux non-diabétiques n'ont pas été considérés comme tels, sauf s'ils n'avaient pas de glycosurie pendant les 15 premiers mois de leur vie. Il semble maintenant que la plupart des animaux qui deviendront diabétiques développent une glycosurie avant le cinquième mois de vie. Ceci permettra une détection plus rapide des animaux témoins non-diabétiques. L'étude de l'effet de différents moyens thérapeutiques sur l'apparition du diabète et la durée de vie de l'animal diabétique serait donc facilitée. — Les résultats de l'étude sur la durée de vie montrent que pendant les 33 mois de l'étude, 50% de toute la population diabétique est morte à l'âge de 14.4 mois. Par contre, 15 mois sans glycosurie sont nécessaires pour qu'un animal puisse être considéré comme non-diabétique. Aucune différence significative n'a été trouvée entre la durée de vie des animaux diabétiques et non-diabétiques qui atteignent l'âge de 15 mois ou plus.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Sämtliche zwischen Dezember 1966 und September 1969 registrierten Angaben über 5832 chinesische Hamster der Upjohn Kolonie wurden auf Magnetband gespeichert und mittels eines Elektronenrechners in bezug auf den Zeitpunkt des Manifestwerdens des diabetischen Syndroms und die Lebensdauer analysiert. Während der Beobachtungsdauer sank das Alter in welchem bei 50% der Tiere ein manifester Diabetes festgestellt wurde, progressiv ab und betrug 1966 8.3 Monate, 1967 4.3 Monate, 1968 2.6 Monate und 2.2 Monate während der ersten 8 Monate des Jahres 1969. Parallel zu dieser Entwicklung verminderte sich die Streuung des Alters zum Zeitpunkt der ersten Diabetesmanifestation. Während anfänglich wegen der großen individuellen Schwankungen ein aglykosurisches Tier erst im Alter von 15 Monaten als nichtdiabetisch bezeichnet werden konnte, werden gegenwärtig die künftig diabetischen Tiere innerhalb der ersten 5 Lebensmonate glykosurisch. Dies sollte eine frühe Selektion diabetischer Tiere und damit die Beurteilung präventiver und therapeutischer Maßnahmen ermöglichen. Die Analyse des Sterbealters der innerhalb der 33 Monate umfassenden Untersuchungsperiode gestorbenen Tiere ergab, daß 50% der diabetischen Population 14.4 Monate nicht überlebten. Da anfänglich nicht-diabetische Tiere erst im Alter von 15 Monaten als solche identifiziert werden können, ist es unmöglich, eine entsprechende Vergleichszahl für nichtdiabetische Tiere anzugeben. Wenn diabetische Tiere 15 Monate überlebt haben, entspricht ihre Lebenserwartung derjenigen der nichtdiabetischen Population.
    Notes: Summary Records of 5832 animals from The Upjohn Company Chinese Hamster colony, for the period December 1966 to September 1969, have been collected and stored on a magnetic tape file. These data have been analyzed for onset of diabetes and longevity. — The time at which 50% of the animals became diabetic (OT50) was 8.3 months during 1966; 4.3 months during 1967; 2.6 months during 1968; and 2.2 months during the first eight months of 1969. As time passed, the onset of diabetes became more uniform and predictable. Early in the colony history, onset of diabetes was quite variable, occurring from 2 to 31 months of age. Nondiabetics were not identified as such unless they were glucosuria-free for the first 15 months of age. It now appears that most animals which will become diabetic develop glucosuria by 5 months of age. This may permit earlier selection of nondiabetic control animals. Therefore, it may be possible to evaluate a variety of treatments on both onset of diabetes and longevity of the diabetic. — The longevity data show that, for the thirty-three month period of time studied, 50% of the total diabetic population were dead by 14.4 months of age. In contrast, 15 months of nonglucosuria was required to define an animal as nondiabetie. No significant difference was seen in the longevity of diabetics and nondiabetics surviving 15 months or longer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 7 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Eleven haemophilia treatment centres in the United States collaborated in the Hemophilia Behavioural Intervention Evaluation Projects (HBIEP) to develop theory-based interventions to reduce the risk of HIV transmission from seropositive adolescents and young adults with haemophilia. While the Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change and the Theory of Reasoned Action provided the theoretical underpinnings, the exact form in which these theories would be applied depended on developmental research. This paper presents the various phases of the process to develop the theory based interventions: literature review, qualitative interviews, quantitative surveys, a provider survey, a materials review, and the actual planning. All or portions of this process could be applied to the development of interventions for many behaviour-change projects. A description of the HBIEP interventions is also provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  The goal of the project was to develop and evaluate theory-based interventions designed to change sexual behaviour and promote safer sex practices of HIV seropositive young men and adolescents with haemophilia to prevent transmission to sexual partners and offspring. Safer sex was defined as abstinence, consistent condom use, or ‘outercourse’ (intimate, non-intercourse sexual behaviour). This project utilized the Transtheoretical Model developed by Prochaska and DiClemente, which describes behaviour change as an incremental, stage-based process. The 1-year intervention protocol consisted of two individual sessions and two peer-centred activities. One hundred and four adolescents, residing in 22 states, participated. Pre- and post-intervention evaluations were conducted to measure stage progression for participants. The number who were in the action or maintenance stage of change for safer sex was significantly greater at post-test than at pre-test (79 vs. 62%, P 〈 0.0001). Participants also reported an increased use of outercourse. In addition, significant increases in self-efficacy and knowledge regarding safer sex were demonstrated. Following these stage-based interventions, participants were significantly more likely to be engaging in safer sex behaviours than they were previously. These intervention activities can be adapted for use with other adolescent populations and for other behaviour change goals in adolescents with haemophilia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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