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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 34 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Ultrasound ; Three-dimensional sonography ; Meniscal tears. ; Schlüsselwörter: Ultraschall ; dreidimensionale Sonographie ; Meniscusläsion.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Die klinische Bedeutung der konventionellen zweidimensionalen Sonographie in der Diagnostik von Meniscusläsionen am Knie wird kontrovers diskutiert. Die dreidimensionale Sonographie erlaubt eine räumlich wirkende Bildrekonstruktion aufeinanderfolgender Schnittbilder. In einer experimentellen Untersuchung an 96 isolierten Meniscen konnten Radiärrisse und Lappenrisse mit der dreidimensionalen Sonographie häufiger diagnostiziert werden. Eine klinische Untersuchung von 60 Meniscen ergab für die zweidimensionale und dreidimensionale Sonographie eine Sensitivität von 92 und 100 %, eine Spezifität von 83 und 88 %, einen positiven Vorhersagewert von 58 und 67 % und einen negativen Vorhersagewert von 98 und 100 %. Insgesamt ergaben sich jedoch keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen beiden Methoden. Der hohe negative Vorhersagewert läßt die dreidimensionale Sonographie für spezifische Fragestellungen in der Diagnostik von Meniscusläsionen als klinisch relevante Untersuchungsmethode erscheinen.
    Notes: Summary. There is no consensus regarding the clinical significance of conventional two-dimensional ultrasound in the diagnosis of meniscal tears of the knee. Three-dimensional ultrasound spatially reconstructs a transparent image of subsequent ultrasound scans. In an experimental study of 96 menisci, radial and oblique tears were detected more often by three-dimensional ultrasound. In a clinical study of 60 menisci the two- and three-dimensional ultrasound reached a sensitivity of 92 % and 100 %, a specificity of 83 % and 88 %, a positive predictive value of 58 % and 67 %, and a negative predictive value of 98 % and 100 %, respectively. Altogether, there was no statistically significant difference between both methods. The high negative predictive value, however, shows that the three-dimensional ultrasound may be a clinically relevant examination for special questions in the diagnostics of meniscal tears.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
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    London : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    RSA Journal. 31 (1882:Nov. 17-1883:Nov. 16) 18 
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  • 4
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    Unknown
    London : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    RSA Journal. 31 (1882:Nov. 17-1883:Nov. 16) 18 
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 254 (1993), S. 448-449 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 11 (1997), S. 1040-1044 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: MEM technique — Color flow amplitude — Sensitivity to slow blood velocities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Two new blood-flow-diagnosis techniques have recently been developed as supplements to the established color techniques: the MEM (maximum entropy method) technique and color flow amplitude (power Doppler). These are capable of representing blood flow in distinctly more slowly flowing areas than is possible with the conventional Doppler technique. Methods: Both methods make use of the Doppler technique in part, yet analyze the reflected signal in a different manner, in so doing optimizing the relation between the noise and the signal. Measurements were obtained on two anatomic flow models to test the sensitivity of both techniques under slow flow conditions. Results: The slowest flow the MEM technique was capable of recording was 0.5 mm/s, whereas the angiotechnique was able to detect 0.4 mm/s, albeit utilizing a 5-MHz transducer for the MEM technique and a 10-MHz transducer for the angio technique. One may thus assume that the MEM technique would be still more sensitive when utilizing a 10-MHz transducer. The advantage of the MEM technique is its real-time flow representation: The angio technique requires a few seconds of acquisition time. This could have serious consequences during clinical utilization. Doppler sonography was merely capable of detecting a minimum flow velocity of 15 mm/s. The angio technique is less dependent on the angle during flow representation than the MEM technique. Conclusions: The distinctly higher sensitivity of these two new color techniques offers new possibilities in the clinical sector as far as the perfusion diagnosis of organs and tumors is concerned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Diastrophische Dysplasie ; Osteochondrodysplasie ; Key words Diastrophic dysplasia ; Osteochondrodysplasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The authors describe the histopathology of the resting cartilage and the growth plate in a case of diastrophic dysplasia and review the differential diagnosis with pseudodiastrophic dysplasia and atelosteogenesis type II.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An einem eigenen Fall und anhand der Literatur besprechen die Autoren die histopathologischen Ergebnisse im Bereich des sog. ruhenden Knorpels und der Epiphysenfuge der selten auftretenden diastrophischen Dysplasie. Außerdem wird die Differentialdiagnose zum pseudodiastrophischem Kleinwuchs und zur Atelosteogenese Typ II tabellarisch dargestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 109 (1990), S. 150-154 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sonography of the knee has gained in significance in the diagnosis of the meniscus; experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that the normal and pathological anatomy of the meniscus can be visualized on a sonogram. The aim of this comparative investigation is to evaluate sonographic lesion diagnosis in comparison with arthroscopic findings, using a standardized examination method. Two hundred and six knee joints were first scanned sonographically using a 7.5 MHz sector transducer. The examining doctor had neither anamnestic nor clinical information in advance. On the following day, the joints were examined arthroscopically, without the findings of the day before being available to the examiner. When the findings were compared, the sensitivity of sonographic diagnosis of lesions was found to be 82.2% and its specificity 87.6%. The patients were of varying ages and had varying anamneses. The results show that sonography of the meniscus is a valuable diagnostic help when the knee-joint symptoms are not clear, given that the correct technical equipment and sufficient experience with this form of examination are at hand. The advantage of sonography is that, in contrast to arthroscopy, it is noninvasive and easily available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 11 (1997), S. 957 -960 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Ultrasound blood flow — MEM technique — Prognostic factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to find a possible relationship between the biological behavior of carcinomas of the breast and sonographically detectable blood flow after first studies showed a correlation between blood flow and prognostic factors. Method: 259 patients with ductal invasive breast cancer were examined using MEM (i.e., the Maximum Entropy Method), a new sonographic blood flow measurement technique capable of discerning considerably slower blood flow velocities than Doppler sonography. Due to the lack of objective methods for quantifying the blood flow, the findings were divided into three classes dependent upon the visual color information obtained. The blood flow was correlated with the size of the tumor, lymph node and receptor status, ploidy and S-phase fraction. Results: Most of the patients with small tumors, without lymph node metastases, with positive receptors, with a diploid genome, and with a low S-phase fraction belonged to the group with the lowest blood flow. Conclusion: The close relationship between the established prognostic factors and the sonographic blood flow measurements using MEM might be indicative of a new preoperative prognostic factor; this must, however, be confirmed by larger studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Key words Breast tumors • Blood flow • Blood pressure ; Schlüsselwörter Mammatumoren • Sonographische Durchblutungsmessung • Blutdruckerhöhung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unter der Annahme, daß die Architektur der Blutgefäße maligner Tumoren, die durch Neoangiogenese gebildet werden, andere Charakteristika aufweisen als die Gefäße benigner Tumoren oder physiologischer Befunde, versuchten wir in der hier vorgestellten Studie das Verhalten dieser unterschiedlichen Gefäße bei Blutdruckanstieg zu untersuchen. Mittels eines Stativs konnte während einer Untersuchungszeit von ca. 4 min derselbe Ultraschallschnitt gehalten werden. Mittels eines neuen Computerprogramms wurden die Farbpixels der verwendeten ANGIO-Farbtechnik quantifiziert und in Abhängigkeit zum gemessenen Blutdruck aufgezeichnet. Die Patientin mußte zur Blutdruckerhöhung eine Klammer zusammendrücken, was praktisch immer zu einer systolischen Blutdrucksteigerung von mehr als 20 mm Hg führte. 70 Patientinnen mit sonographisch nachweisbaren Mammatumoren wurden untersucht, 54 (14 benigne und 40 maligne Tumoren) konnten in die Auswertung aufgenommen werden. Dabei zeigten sich 4 typische Kurvenverläufe: Kurventyp 1 mit einer Steigerung der Durchblutung parallel zum Blutdruckanstieg und nach dem Blutdruckabfall allmähliches Absinken auch der Durchblutung – bei 29 malignen und 3 benignen Tumoren; Kurventyp 2 mit kontinuierlichem, aber im Verhältnis zum Blutdruckanstieg etwas zeitversetztem Anstieg der Durchblutung, dieser Anstieg setzte sich auch beim Abfall des Blutdruckes fort – ausschließlich bei benignen Tumoren; Kurventyp 3: das Maximum der Durchblutung wird nach dem Blutdruckmaximum erreicht, danach Abfall der Durchblutung – bei 1 benignen und 3 malignen Tumoren und Kurventyp 4 mit Abfall der Durchblutung trotz Anstieg des Blutdruckes – bei 3 benignen und 5 malignen Tumoren. Die hier vorgestellte Quantifizierungsmöglichkeit in Einheit mit dem Stativ ermöglicht erstmals, einen Tumor in seinem Durchblutungsverhalten über eine Zeitspanne hinweg zu untersuchen einen Provokationstest wie die Blutdruckerhöhungen zu analysieren. Dabei lassen sich 2 markante Kurventypen (Typ 1 und 2) finden, die meist mit malignen (Typ 1) oder benignen (Typ 2) Mammatumoren korrelieren. Falls weitere größere Studien diese Tendenz belegen können, scheint eine neue sonographische Möglichkeit der Dignitätsdiagnostik gefunden. Die ersten Ergebnisse scheinen vielversprechend, bedürfen jedoch weiterer Bestätigung.
    Notes: Summary On the assumption that the architecture of blood vessels of malignant tumors, formed by neoangiogenesis, shows characteristics that are different from those of blood vessels of benign tumors or physiological findings, we have tried in the present study to investigate the behavior of these different vessels under increased blood pressure. Using a special stand, the same sonographic section could be stably maintained during an examination time of approx. 4 minutes. Using a new computer program, the color pixels of the employed Angio color technique were quantified and recorded as a function of the measured blood pressure. To increase blood pressure, the patient had to press a hand grip, which practically always caused a systolic blood pressure elevation of more than 15–20 mmHg. Seventy patients with sonographically detected breast tumors were examined; 54 (14 benign and 40 malignant tumors) could be included in the evaluation. We found four typical types of curves: Curve type 1 is associated with an instantaneous increase in blood flow with increased blood pressure, followed by a drop in the blood pressure, with a slow decrease in blood flow as the blood pressure drops (with 29 malignant and 3 benign tumors). Curve type 2 shows a continuous increase in blood flow – though somewhat delayed with respect to the rise in blood pressure – which is also observed when the blood pressure drops (exclusively benign tumors). In curve type 3, maximum blood flow is reached after the blood pressure maximum, and then the blood flow decreases (1 benign and 3 malignant tumors). Curve type 4 features decreased blood flow in spite of increased blood pressure (3 benign and 5 malignant tumors). The described quantification method, in combination with the stand, permits for the first time analysis of a tumor under increased blood pressure as to its blood flow behavior over time in an examination using a challenge test. Here one can find two distinctive curve types (types 1 and 2) that correlate mostly with malignant (type 1) or benign (type 2) breast tumors. Should this tendency be substantiated by additional large-scale studies, it would seem that a new ultrasonic possibility for differential diagnosis has been found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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