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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new method to classify amyloid fibril proteins (1985)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 67 (1985), S. 272-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyloidosis ; Amyloid fibril protein ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Senile dementia of Alzheimer type ; Autoclaving
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The permanganate method, the immunoperoxidase method, and a newly developed autoclave method were used to distinguish different types of amyloid fibril proteins in formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded tissue sections. All tissues from permanganate-sensitive cases (AA type) lost the affinity of Congo red and green birefringence under polarized light after incubation with special autoclave treatment. AL type systemic amyloidosis and amyloid plaques of CJD and GSS were permanganate-resistant, but decreased markedly the affinity of Congo red after prolonged autoclaving. On the other hand, prealbumin type systemic amyloidosis and senile plaques of SDAT were resistant to both permanganate oxidation and prolonged autochlaving. Thus, amyloid plaques of CJD and GSS are identical to AL type in systemic amyloidosis, and senile plaques are similar to the prealbumin type. However, anti-prealbumin antiserum did not stain senile plaque amyloid. The anti-human P component stained positively systemic amuyloids and cerebral amyloid plaques of SSE, but failed to stain senile plaques of SDAT. Therefore, the amyloid fibril protein of senile plaues is apparently different from other types of amyloid depositions. Amyloid plaques of SSE are different from senile plaques not only with regard to fibril proteins, but also to globular protein in the amyloid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687812
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glial fibrillary acidic protein in medulloblastoma (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 55 (1981), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) ; Immunocytochemistry ; Medulloblastoma ; Desmoplastic medulloblastoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-four cases of classical medulloblastoma and one case of desmoplastic medulloblastoma were examined for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) using the immunoperoxidase method to assess astrocytic differentiation. In 16 cases of classical medullablastoma GFAP-positive cells were present in variable numbers. These cells were classified as three different types according to size and shape. The type 1 cell was morphologically identical to the ordinary tumor cell, with a hyperchromatic nucleus and a scanty cytoplasm. The type 2 cell had a fairly rich cytoplasm with short cytoplasmic processes. The type 3 cell was characterized by a relatively large nucleus with sparse chromatin and well-developed cytoplasmic processes, and was considered a reactive astrocyte. The type 1 and some of the type 2 cells seemed to be neoplastic, displaying astrocytic differentiation. The remaining type 2 cells may have been reactive astrocytes. In one case of desmoplastic medulloblastoma, the majority of GFAP-positive cells were arranged in “islands”, and had delicate fibrillated processes. GFAP-positive cells were also observed outside these “islands”, though they were less numerous. Most of them were regarded as type 3 cells, but some were type 2. This may be interpreted as meaning that the glial character of the tumor was expressed more within than outside these “islands”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691533
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferating potential of folliculo-stellate cells in human pituitary adenomas (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 71 (1986), S. 233-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Folliculo-stellate cell ; Pituitary adenoma ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; S-100 protein ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Folliculo-stellate cells (FS cells) in 40 pituitary adenomas and portions of anterior pituitary adjacent to the tumor in 26 cases were investigated immunohistochemically, using polyclonal antisera to S-100 protein (S-100) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The objective was to clarify the histological behavior of the FS cells. In most pituitary adenomas there were few or no S-100-or GFAP-positive cell, in comparison with numerous positive cells in the parts of the adenohypophyses compressed by adenomas. However, positive FS cells were observed in some types of pituitary adenomas. Growth hormone and prolactin producing adenomas frequently contained significant amounts of FS cells. In non-functioning adenomas, an unique case of FS cell adenoma was present. The adenoma was composed mainly of FS cells and immature glandular cells. The FS cells were sometimes located around follicles containing Periodic acid Schiff-positive material. Therefore, the FS cell adenoma is characterized by S-100- and GFAP-positive FS cells and PAS-positive follicles. In this type of adenoma, FS cells seemed to be the main proliferating component. In parts of the adenohypophyses adjacent to the adenomas, GFAP0-positive FS cells were numerous. In the pathological conditions FS cells may possess the potential of reactive proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688045
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell kinetics of the malignant evolution of meningothelial meningioma (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 74 (1987), S. 243-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Malignant meningioma ; Local recurrence ; Cell kinetics ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Subarachnoid dissemination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A meningotheliomatous meningioma occurred in the right parietal parasagittal region of a 43-year-old woman. A total excision was carried out. Three years and 9 months later, one parasagittal and two falx tumours in close proximity recurred and were excised. The falx tumors showed the features of an anaplastic transitional meningioma with increased mitoses. The falx meningioma recurred locally and repeatedly, despite radiation therapy and chemoimmunotherapy. She died 7 years and 8 months after the onset. At autopsy, the tumor was found to have metastasized via the cerebrospinal fluid to the spinal cord and pituitary stalk. Extracranial metastases were not evident. At the fourth craniotomy, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered intravenously to label tumor cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. The BrdU-labeled cells accounted for 9.0%; they are usually less than 1% in benign meningiomas. Meningothelial meningiomas with a high labeling index recur rapidly, even after Simpson's grade 2 removal, and treatment for a malignant meningioma should be instituted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688188
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epithelial properties of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas determined in ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 74 (1987), S. 142-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma ; Epithelial properties ; Circumscribed growth ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three cases of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA), one of which showed anaplastic evolution, are described. In all three the PXA tumors were well circumscribed and could be totally removed. Light-microscopically, pleomorphic tumor cells clustered gregariously and often formed alveolar structures. Electron microscopy revealed various epithelial properties, such as junctions and interdigitations between apposing tumor cells, and prominent basal laminae surrounding tumor nests. The circumscribed growth of PXA, as contrasted with an infiltrative growth of usual astrocytoma, can be attributed to the cellular cohesion based on the epithelial properties of the tumor cells. In the third patient, tumor recurred 6 months postoperatively. Although the recurrent tumor retained the alveolar structures, pleomorphism and various degenerative features of the tumor cells diminished with advance in the proliferative activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692844
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contrary effect of lactic acid on expression of neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein in human glioma cells (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1990), S. 506-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Lactic acid ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) ; Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) ; Vimentin ; Astrocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined the effect of lactic acid on cultured human glioma cell lines expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin and neuronspecific enolase (NSE). The growth of the cells was inhibited by the lactic acid in a dose-dependent manner. At 56 mM of lactic acid, the surviving cells of the KNS-42-c2 cell line developed slender processes and increasingly formed bizzar giant cells. In an immunofluorescence study of the lactic acid-resistant cells, the GFAP-positive cells prominently decreased in number, while the NSE-positive cells clearly increased. The vimentin was not affected throughout the experiment. After removing lactic acid from the medium, the GFAP-positive cells gradually increased in number. The method of dot immunoassay was useful for quantifying GFAP in cellular extracts. It indicated that the amount of GFAP decreased in the cells cultured with lactate-containing media and increased to the primary values after removing the lactic acid. These results may suggest that the morphological and immunochemical diversities of glioma cells are secondarily affected by cellular microenvironments such as lactic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296110
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lateral ventricular arteriovenous malformations: Natural history and surgical indications (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 112 (1991), S. 37-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Arteriovenous malformation ; lateral ventricle ; natural history ; operative indications ; results
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The authors report 21 cases of lateral ventricular arteriovenous malformation (AVM) focusing on their natural history and surgical indications. Eighteen of 21 patients (86%) had bleedings prior to admission. We performed definitive surgery in 9 patients and conservative treatment in 12 patients. In 7 of 9 patients (78%) in the operative group and in 5 of 12 patients (42%) in the non-operative group, the nidus of the AVM was less than 4 cm in diameter. The other 2 AVMs in the operative group, more than 4 cm in diameter, were located in the temporal lobe and widely extended to the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle. The nidi of the AVMs were totally removed in all 9 cases in the operative group. All patients have been doing well except one who had a mental breakdown 6 years after surgery. In 10 patients in the non-operative group, AVMs were located in the left cerebral hemispheres. Three patients in the non-operative group had rebleeding of the AVM. Two of the 12 patients in the non-operative group (17%) died of the recurrent haemorrhages. The rate of bleeding of the lateral ventricular AVM seems to be higher than that of the cerebral cortical AVM, but the mortality due to recurrent bleeding might be similar between the two. The operative indications we made depended on the sizes and locations of the AVMs. For AVMs in the temporal horn, even though they were large, we performed total removals of the nidi and had good results. We did not perform any definitive surgery for AVMs more than 4 cm in diameter except for those in the temporal horn. The mortality and morbidity of the 21 cases were 10% and 14%, respectively. Patients with AVMs in the temporal horn and patients with small AVMs in the frontal horn were good candidates for definitive surgery. We undertook conservative treatment for patients with large AVMs, and the results were acceptable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01402452
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascular permeability and cell kinetics of ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-induced rat brain tumours (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 91 (1988), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: ENU-induced glioma ; vasculature ; bromodeoxyuridine ; Evans blue dye ; blood-brain barrier ; mannitol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vascular permeability and proliferative activity of ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-induced rat brain tumours were studied by intravenous injection of Evans blue dye (EB) and by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake examinations. Tumours induced by ENU showed various histologial types, and they were oligodendrogliomas, mixed oligo-astrocytomas, mixed oligo-ependymomas, astrocytomas, anaplastic astrocytomas, polymorphic gliomas, and ependymomas. The labelling indexes (LIs: the ratio of BrdU-labelled cells to total cells) of tumour and vascular component cells in the tumour were high in anaplastic astrocytomas, polymorphic gliomas and ependymomas, but low in oligodendrogliomas. EB stained anaplastic astrocytomas, polymorphic gliomas and ependymomas deeply, but did not penetrate oligodendrogliomas. In mixed gliomas, EB staining and the LIs of tumour cells were not uniform. After intracarotid infusion of hyperosmolar mannitol into tumour-bearing rats, tumour staining with EB and the LIs of tumour cells were not increased, whereas the penetration of EB into the normal brain was drastically increased. Therefore it is not likely that the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the tumour could be increased by intracarotid infusion of hyperosmolar manitol. Our data suggest that the vascular permeability of tumour vessels is highly correlated with the high proliferative activity of tumour and its vascular cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01400531
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thalamic Gliomas: A clinicopathologic analysis of 20 cases with reference to patient age (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 139 (1997), S. 336-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Glioma ; thalamus ; treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty patients (M 11, F 9; ranging from 1–77 years old) with histologically proven glial tumours in the thalamic region, treated from 1979 until 1994 at Kyushu University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed and analysed in order to elucidate their clinical and neuropathological characteristics. The initial common clinical manifestations were those of increased intracranial pressure or motor weakness. The histological diagnosis of the tumour was pilocytic astrocytoma in 2 patients, fibrillary astrocytoma in 7, anaplastic astrocytoma in 7, and glioblastoma multiforme in 4. The initial treatment was surgery alone in 4 patients, surgery followed by radiation therapy in 5, surgery followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy in 9, and conventional radiation therapy alone in 2 patients. The 3-year overall actuarial survival rate for all patients was 20% but was related to both the histological type and the age of the patients: As a result, the rate was 44% for patients with low-grade astrocytoma compared to 0% for those with high-grade astrocytoma. While 5 out of 11 patients under the age of 25 years at their initial presentation have survived for from 2–16 years after the diagnosis, all patients presenting after the age of 25 years died within 3 years after treatment. Thalamic glial tumours are not a homogeneous group of tumours in terms of clinical behaviour and histopathological features, and the poor overall results, especially in adult tumours, thus emphasise the need for continued research in the treatment of these tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01808830
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glial tumourettes (glial microtumours): Their clinical and histopathological manifestations (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 138 (1996), S. 818-823 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Minute glioma ; anaplasia ; histology ; seizure ; aqueductal stenosis ; histogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study represents our experience with eight cases (males: 4; females: 4; 13–47 years old, average age 28.5 years) of a “glial tumourette” (minute glioma), which measured less than 15 mm in diameter on an MRI. Four tumours were located in the frontal lobe, one in the rostrum of the corpus callosum, two in the midbrain, and one in the thalamus. The symptoms and signs lasted from two days to 15 months prior to diagnosis, and they consisted of epileptic seizures in five patients and increased intracranial pressure due to hydrocephalus resulting from aqueductal stenosis in three. All patients had a CT scan and an MRI as a part of their initial neuro-imaging evaluations. While the CT findings failed to show the lesion in four patients, MRI demonstrated it in all cases. Five tumours were either totally or subtotally removed while the remaining three were biopsied. Histological examinations revealed six tumours to be low-grade gliomas (fibrillary astrocytoma: 4; oligo-astrocytoma: 2) and two to be high-grade gliomas (anaplastic astrocytoma: 1; anaplastic oligodendroglioma: 1). Regarding adjuvant therapy, three patients received radiation and/or chemotherapy. One of the patients with midbrain fibrillary astrocytoma died of the disease 38 months after the operation, however, no evidence of progression in the remaining seven has been observed in the follow-up period ranging from five to 65 months after the operation (average: 25.4 months). The histogenesis of benign and malignant gliomas and the importance of surgical exploration in the management of such patients with minute intracerebral tumours are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411259
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