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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bioprocess and biosystems engineering 3 (1988), S. 37-41 
    ISSN: 1432-0797
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A mathematical model for the design of bubble-columns for growth of shear-sensitive insect cells is presented. The model is based on two assumptions. First, the loss of cell viability as a result of aeration is a first-order process. Second, a hypothetical volume X, in which all viable cells are killed, is associated with each air bubble during its lifetime. The model merely consists of an equation for k d, the first-order death-rate constant, and A min, the minimum specific surface area of the air bubbles to supply sufficient oxygen. In addition to X, the equation for k d contains the air flow F, the air-bubble diameter d b, the diameter D and the height H of the bubble column. This equation has been experimentally validated. Comparison of the equations for k d and A min shows that especially H is the key parameter to manipulate in bubble-column design in order to meet the demands set by A min and k d〈kg, the first-order growth-rate constant. It is concluded that net growth of cells is enhanced as size and height of the bubble column increase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 613 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 589 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 469 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 93 (1987), S. 41-42 
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  The genomic position and nucleotide sequence of the immediate early gene ie1 of Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) were determined. The SeMNPV ie1 gene had the potential to encode a protein of 714 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 82.0 kDa, representing the largest baculovirus IE1 known to date. The similarity of SeMNPV IE1 with IE1 proteins from other baculoviruses was restricted to the basic C-terminal two-thirds of the protein, which is involved in DNA binding. A single ie1 transcript of 2.5 kb was detected at 1 h p.i., peaking at 8 h p.i. and disappearing at 24 h p.i. From 8 h p.i. onwards a 1.7 kb transcript was detected, which became more abundant late in infection. Primer extension analysis revealed the use of several start sites early and late in infection. One of these was located in the promoter motif CAGT located at position −15 relative to the translational start codon, most intensively used at 8 h p.i. Four kb upstream of the SeMNPV ie1 gene, ORF xd244 was identified with homology to the used left ie0 exon of AcMNPV, OpMNPV and LdMNPV. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the SeMNPV IE1 protein shared the most recent ancestor with its HzSNPV and LdMNPV homologues, although their IE1 proteins had diverged considerably from each other and from other baculoviruses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary At least two regions ofAutographa californica Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (AcMNPV) DNA contain nucleotide sequences that allowed the autonomous replication of chimaeric plasmids inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. These sequences were located around position 26 and 37 per cent on the physical map of AcNPV DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of virology 145 (2000), S. 2539-2555 
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  The genome organization of the Helicoverpa armigera single-nucleo-capsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) was investigated and compared to that of other baculoviruses. A detailed physical map was constructed for the restriction enzymes BamHI, BglII, EcoRI, HindIII, KpnI, PstI, SacI and XhoI. The 130.1-kilobase pairs (kb) long viral genome was cloned as restriction fragments into a plasmid library, which covered 97.5% of the viral genome. From this plasmid library about 45 kb of dispersed sequence information was generated. Fifty-three putative open reading frames (ORFs) with homology to ORFs of other baculoviruses were identified and their location on the genome of HearNPV was determined. The arrangement of the ORFs along the HearNPV genome is significantly different from the multiple-nucleocapsid NPVs, AcMNPV, BmNPV and OpMNPV, which have a highly collinear genome, and the granulovirus XcGV. In contrast the genomes of HearNPV and SeMNPV are highly collinear. This close relatedness between an MNPV and an SNPV is supported by the phylogeny of specific genes of these two viruses and suggests that the morphotype (S or M) is only a taxonomic and not a phylogenetic denominator. The data presented here also give further support to the view that the gene distribution along baculovirus genomes can be used as a character to describe baculovirus relatedness independent of gene phylogeny. Five homologous regions (hrs) were located on the genome of HearNPV. This is also the first report of the existence of hrs in SNPVs and this observation suggests that hrs are a common feature of baculovirus genomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    BioControl 33 (1988), S. 299-308 
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Spodoptera exigua ; nuclear polyhedrosis virus ; biological control ; identification ; biological activity ; Spodoptera exigua ; Virus à polyèdres nucléaires ; lutte biologique ; identification ; activité biologique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La virulence de 5 virus à polyèdres nucléaires à capside multiple (MNPV) contre les chenilles deSpodoptera exigua a été comparée. Trois NPV ont été isolés de chenilles mortes, trouvées dans des serres aux Pays-Bas. A partir des analyses de DNA par des enzymes de restriction il est conclu que ces 3 NPV sont apparentés aux MNPV deMamestra brassicae et sont nommés MbMNPV-NL80, MbMNPV-NL82 et MbNPV-NL83. Ces MNPVs ne sont pas apparentés au MNPV d'Autographa california (AcMNPV), ni à celui deS. exigua (SeMNPV). SeMNPV est environ 5 fois plus virulent contre les chenilles du 2e stade larvaire deS. exigua que les autres MNPV qui ont des activité biologiques comparables entre elles. Les DL-50 de SeMNPV, AcMNPV, MbMNPV-NL80, NL82 et NL83 sont 3, 18, 26, 14 et 17 polyèdres, respectivement. On en conclut que le SeMNPV est le meilleur candidat pour l'utilisation dans un programme de lutte biologique contreS. exigua dans des serres aux Pays-Bas.
    Notes: Abstract The virulence of 5 nuclear polyhedrosis viruses infectious for larvae of beet armyworm,Spodoptera exigua, was studied and their potential as biological control agents of this accidentally introduced pest in Dutch greenhouse crops is discussed. Three of the virus isolates were collected from deceased beet armyworm larvae found in Dutch greenhouses. Based on restriction endonuclease patterns of their DNA they appeared to be closely related toMamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus (MbMNPV) and therefore were named MbMNPV-NL80, MbMNPV-NL82 and MbMNPV-NL83. These isolates were not related toAutographa californica MNPV (AcMNPV) or toSpodoptera exigua MNPV (SeMNPV), both originating from the USA. Comparison of the oiological activity of these 5 isolates showed that the SeMNPV was more virulent against beet armyworm than the other isolates. There was no significant difference in virulence between MbMNPV-NL80, NL82, NL83 and AcMNPV forS. exigua. The LD-50 values of the 5 isolates for 2nd instar larvae were 3, 26, 14, 17 and 18 polyhedra, respectively. Despite compensating qualities of the other MNPVs, such as a broader host range and potential production in alternate hosts or cell-lines, SeMNPV is considered to be the most suitable candidate as biological control agent of beet armyworm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  By injection of a liposomal complex containing baculovirus DNA directly into the hemocoel of insect larvae a polyhedrosis disease was induced. After cotransfection of insect larvae with circular viral DNA and transfer vector DNA recombinant viruses were generated with a frequency of about 2%, similar to what is obtained in vitro using insect cell cultures. Based on these results an alternative strategy for the generation of recombinants can be derived for baculoviruses for which susceptible cell lines are not readily available. This strategy involves the injection of baculovirus DNA into susceptible larvae followed by in vivo cloning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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