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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 43 (1965), S. 1154-1166 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A renal type proteinuria is the resultant of glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption of serum proteins. The primary fault lies within the membrane of the glomerulum. With substances of known molecular weight, the size of the pores in the glomerular membrane can be estimated. Autologous proteins may be used as test substances. Immunochemical methods possess the sensitivity required for measurements, thus permitting the application of the clearance principle for specific protein fractions of known molecular weight (differential clearance). By plotting quantity of excreted proteins vs. their molecular weight, three typical curves can be distinguished clearly (Fig. 1). The same technical principle was applied for the determination of the renal threshold and of the Tm of serum albumin. 78 clearances were carried out in 49 patients with proteinuria of various etiology. The clinical diagnosis could be supplemented by biopsy or autopsy specimens in 27 patients. The following diagnoses could be discerned: 1. Lipoid nephrosis, 2. Membranous glomerulonephritis, 3. Intracapillary glomerulonephritis, 4. Chronic glomerulonephritis, 5. Acute glomerulonephritis, 6. Amyloidosis of the kidney, 7. Tubular type proteinuria, 8. Miscellaneous (Figs. 2–9). The differential clearance method permits global estimates about the function of ultrafiltration of the total renal parenchyma, whereas the endogenous clearance of creatinine gives an account of the total filtered load. By relating these two parameters the protein loss can be estimated, i.e. the relative albumin clearance. The type of the clearance curve is very informative with regard to the permeability of the glomerular filter. In addition, quantitative as well as qualitative data about the protein turnover in the kidney may be obtained. By comparison with the morbid anatomical findings, however, the limits of the capacity of the protein clearance method become evident: The important differential diagnosis especially in the pediatric age group between lipoid nephrosis and membranous, respectively intracapillary glomerulonephritis, cannot be established with certainty. Little information is derived from cases with focal or interstitial renal processes. These limitations are due to the reabsorptive capacity of the renal tubule, which may vary widely. By the use of dextrans or other inert substances of known molecular weight instead of autologous proteins, the results may yet be improved.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Renal bedingte Proteinurien resultieren aus der glomerulären Filtration und der partiellen tubulären Rückresorption von Serumeiweiß. Die primäre Störung liegt dabei in der Glomerulummembran. Mit Hilfe exakter Bestimmungen glomerulär filtrierter Stoffe von bekanntem Molekulargewicht sind Aussagen über die Porengrößen in der Glomerulummembran möglich. Als Testsubstanzen können die körpereigenen Proteine verwendet werden. Immunochemische Methoden besitzen die zur Messung notwendige Empfindlichkeit; sie erlauben somit auch die Anwendung des Clearanceprinzips auf spezifische Proteinfraktionen bekannten Molekulargewichtes („Differential-Clearance“). Die graphische Darstellung der Quantität der ausgeschiedenen Proteine gegen deren Molekulargewicht läßt drei Kurventypen klar unterscheiden (Abb. 1). Das gleiche technische Prinzip wurde zur Bestimmung der Nierenschwelle und derT m von Serum-Albumin benutzt. Bei 49 Patienten mit Proteinurien verschiedenartiger Ätiologie wurden 78 Clearanceuntersuchungen durchgeführt. Bei 27 Patienten konnte die klinische Diagnose durch Biopsie oder Autopsie kontrolliert werden. Folgende Diagnosen wurden unterschieden: 1. Lipoidnephrose, 2. membranöse Glomerulonephritis, 3. intracapilläre Glomerulonephritis, 4. chronische Glomerulonephritis, 5. akute Glomerulonephritis, 6. Nierenamyloidose, 7. tubuläre Proteinurie, 8. Verschiedenes (Abb. 2–9). Die Differential-Clearancemethode erlaubt globale Aussagen über die Ultrafiltrationsfunktion des gesamten Nierenparenchyms, während die Kreatinin-Clearance über die gesamte Filtrationsgröße orientiert. Das Verhältnis dieser beiden Größen, d. h. die relative Albumin-Clearance, läßt den Proteinverlust abschätzen. Der Typ der Clearancekurve gibt über die Durchlässigkeit des Glomerulumfilters Auskunft. Ferner sind Aussagen über die Quantität und die Qualität des Proteinumsatzes in der Niere möglich. Allerdings zeigt der Vergleich mit den pathologisch-anatomischen Befunden die Grenzen der Leistungsfähigkeit der Protein-Clearancemethode auf, besonders die für die Pädiatrie wichtige Differentialdiagnose zwischen Lipoidnephrose einerseits und membranöser resp. intracapillärer Glomerulonephritis andererseits ist nicht eindeutig möglich. Ferner ist die Aussagekraft bei herdförmigen oder interstitiellen Nierenprozessen gering. Diese Einschränkungen sind Folgen der sehr unterschiedlichen Rückresorptionskapazität des Tubulus. — Eine Möglichkeit zur Verbesserung der Ergebnisse scheint in der Verwendung inerter körperfremder Substanzen anstelle der körpereigenen Proteine zu liegen, wie z. B. Dextrane bekannten Molekulargewichts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 148 (1989), S. 610-613 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Coeliac disease ; Clinical picture ; Epidemiology ; Adolescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four hundred and sixty-three new diagnoses of coeliac disease in children were made during 1973 to 1986 in our department. The distribution of new diagnoses per year did not show any decreasing trend in the period 1973 to 1986. No changing trend in breast feeding attitudes was found in the region during the same period. Analysis of the clinical pattern showed a constant distribution of age at diagnosis, onset of first symptoms and nature of symptoms throughout the period studied. These data suggest that coeliac disease is predominantly genetically determined and its expression is modulated by individual and environmental factors. The stability of the observed prevalence of the disease is parallel to the unchanging pattern of breast feeding attitudes in the region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 427-428 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Kielley4 has demonstrated that several carcinogenic fluorene compounds inhibit glutamic dehydro-genase ; N-2.fluorenyl-diacetamide would therefore act by blocking the utilization of diphosphopyridine nucleotide5. In view of this, it seems probable that 2.acetylaminofluorene inhibits ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 181 (1958), S. 624-624 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The effect of a high-protein diet on the development of tumours, when 2-acetylaminofluorene is used as the carcinogenic compound, has not as yet been clarified. Morris et al.* reported that rats maintained on a diet containing 18-24 per cent casein, after administration of 2-acetylaminofluorene, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 186 (1960), S. 639-640 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A similar behaviour has been demonstrated in the rat, in the guinea pig, and in the rabbit as regards the tryptophan peroxidase activity4 : in the foetus and newborn of these animals, the conversion of tryptophan into nicotinic acid is diminished or completely eliminated. We have recently begun an ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 274 (1972), S. 420-425 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 121 (1984), S. 428-433 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 65 (1962), S. 172-175 
    ISSN: 0006-3002
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA - Enzymological Subjects 73 (1963), S. 582-587 
    ISSN: 0926-6569
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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