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  • 1995-1999  (28)
  • 1910-1914
  • 1996  (28)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We have observed intrinsic Josephson effects for current flow perpendicular to the CuO2 planes in HTSC thin films. Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O thin films were deposited on step edges in LaAlO3 substrates. Due to the special preparation process, microbridges across such steps act as stacks of intrinsic Josephson junctions with current flow perpendicular to the CuO2 planes (STEP STACK junctions). Up to 130 individual junctions could be observed exhibiting high IcRN products up to 26 mV per junction. We observed ac-Josephson effects as Shapiro steps and in microwave emission experiments. At low temperatures sharp emission peaks were detected at frequencies of 11.3 and 24.2 GHz. Broad emission peaks from the whole stack were observed at temperatures close to Tc. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 7672-7675 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Stable platinum oxide films have been prepared through magnetron sputtering and have been analyzed on the bases of energy-sensitive microanalyses, x-ray diffraction, resistivity, and optical reflectance measurements. The complex dielectric function has been determined for various oxygen contents in the film covering the wave-number regime 50 cm−1–λ−1–50 000 cm−1. The vibrational properties are dominated through a strong band, centered at 765 cm−1, associated with a asymmetric stretching mode of the Pt—O bond. The films are amorphous, with chemical composition PtOx, where 1〈x〈2.1, and are considered as a homogeneous solid solution of PtO and PtO2. The materials system displays a conductor–insulator transition at x≥2, in connection with an optical band gap Eg of ∼1.2 eV in the fully oxidized state. The conduction mechanism over the whole range of compositions is thermally activated and is determined through a large density of localized states extending into the band gap. At x〈2 the optical gap disappears, consistent with the semimetallic behavior of the materials system for this range of composition. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 2554-2556 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We report measurements of intersubband absorption in single semiconductor quantum wells of different well widths and alloy compositions. The well width dependence of the intersubband absorption linewidth is consistent with broadening dominated by interface roughness. The linewidth, however, is found to be relatively unaffected by alloy composition in the quantum well, making alloying an effective tool in the design of quantum well optical devices relying on intersubband transitions. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 36 (1996), S. 933-943 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Schulterregion ; Skelettaufbau ; Gelenke ; Periartikuläre Weichteile ; Leitungsbahnen ; Key words Shoulder region ; Skeletal composition ; Joints ; Periarticular structures ; Vessels and nerves
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Besides the skeletal elements, i. e., the clavicle, scapula and humerus, several muscles and soft tissues also participate in the construction of the human shoulder. These elements from and surround the shoulder girdle joints, which are the acromioclavicular and glenohumeral joint. Towards the trunk a connection is achieved by the sternoclavicular joint. Ossification of the clavicle, scapula and humerus begins within the 5th to 7th embryonic week. Around the age of 20 years ossification is completed. Parallel to this development and during adulthood, age-dependent changes take place in the composition and mixture of the bone marrow from red to yellow marrow. The shoulder girdle joints are constructed to permit a wide range of motion of the arm against the trunk. At the glenohumeral joint the spherical humeral head glides within the concave groove of the glenoid cavity. Stability is attained by the fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum, which enlarges the articulating areas and the joint capsule with its strengthening ligaments. Variation of the joint capsule insertion, the glenoid labrum or the bony surfaces may predispose to luxation. Additional support to prevent luxation is obtained by the glenohumeral ligaments and the long biceps tendon. Active movement is provided by the superficial muscles and the rotator cuff muscles. Several bursae support free movement and decrease friction of the musculotendineous systems near the joint. Despite this complex construction several degenerative diseases can impair free movement of the human shoulder.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Am Aufbau der Schulter sind neben Clavicula, Scapula und Humerus zahlreiche Muskeln und mehrere Weichteilstrukturen beteiligt. Sie formen und umhüllen die zur Schulter gehörenden Gelenke: Articulatio acromioclavicularis und Articulatio humeri (glenohumeralis). Die Skeletteile der Schulter beginnen zwischen der 5. und 7. Embryonalwoche zu verknöchern. Die Ossifikation ist um das 20. Lebensjahr abgeschlossen. Eng damit verkoppelt sind Konvertierungsvorgänge, nach denen vor allem in der Scapula und im Humerus eine altersabhängige Umwandlung von hämatopoetisch aktivem Knochenmark in fetthaltiges inaktives Knochenmark erfolgt. Sternoclaviculare und acromioclaviculare Gelenke vergrößern das Bewegungsausmaß der freien oberen Extremität. Im Schultergelenk gleitet das kugelförmig gestaltete Caput humeri in der konkav gekrümmten Cavitas glenoidalis. Das Labrum glenoidale vergrößert die Pfannenfläche und sichert mit dem Kapsel-Band-System die stabile Flächenführung der Gelenkpartner. Variationen in der Profilgestaltung, der Labrumposition und dem Kapselansatz begünstigen mögliche Luxationen. Dem wirken die glenohumeralen Bänder sowie die Sehne des langen Bizepskopfes entgegen. Oberflächlich gelegene Gürtelmuskeln und die Muskeln der Rotatorenmanschette führen und sichern das Schultergelenk aktiv. Periartikuläre Gleitstrukturen begünstigen außerdem die Beweglichkeit und vermindern Reibungskräfte zwischen den gelenknahen Muskel-Sehnen-Komplexen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 2810-2811 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 440-448 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Facultative anaerobes ; metabolic depression ; Pasteur effect ; phosphofructokinase ; glycogen phosphorylase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The existence and the regulatory mechanisms of the Pasteur effect in facultative anaerobic metazoa are discussed. There are three reasons for the controversy surrounding this phenomenon.1) The different definitions of the Pasteur effect,2) the antagonistic effect of metabolic depression and its species specific response to hypoxia, as well as3) the laboratory-specific differences in the experimental procedures for analyzing the Pasteur effect and its regulation. This review aims to clarify the confusion about the existence of the Pasteur effect in facultative anaerobic metazoa and to offer possible molecular mechanisms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Pulmonary hypertension ; Pulmonary embolism ; Radiography ; CT ; Pulmonary arteries ; Stenosis ; Obstruction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the value of morphometric data on conventional radiography and CT predicting the presence and degree of pulmonary hypertension and to assess the reversibility after surgery. On preoperative X-ray films and CT scans of 50 patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary to chronic thromboembolism, we measured the cardiothoracic ratio, basal diameter, length of cardiac contact to sternum, pulmonary trunk, right and left descending pulmonary artery, and the septum angle. These data were correlated with pulmonary arterial pressure. In 14 X-ray patients and 18 CT patients, with follow-up after surgical thromboendarterectomy the reversibility of these changes was assessed. A dilated pulmonary trunk was the most common abnormality (96% each on X-ray and CT). Pulmonary arteries were dilated on X-ray in 40% (right) and 14% (left), and on CT in 92% (right) and 96% (left). The best correlation with mean arterial pressure was found measuring the pulmonary trunk on CT (r = 0.43, p 〈 0.01). After surgery, reversibility was most significant for the pulmonary trunk on CT (p 〈 0.0001). In patients with chronic pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension can best be predicted by assessing the diameter of the pulmonary trunk both on X-ray and CT. No close correlation is present between the extent of any parameter and the level of the pulmonary pressure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. S97 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Phenylketonuria ; Intelligence ; Education ; Professional career ; Phenylalanine ; control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The intellectual status and professional careers of 51 young adults with phenylketonuria whose treatment started before 3 months of age are described. Their mean IQ was 97 (SD = 16). Of the IQs, 4% were more than 2 SD below the norm. The distribution of types of schooling of the patients was comparable to that in the German population. The professional careers of nearly all the patients were according to their educational level. Within the sample the outcome was significantly correlated with phenylalanine (Phe) control, even when the patients’ social background was statistically taken into account. The main influence of Phe on intelligence seems to occur during the first decade of life since IQ data remain stable even after Phe levels increased during adolescence.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Phenylketonuria ; Genotype ; Treatment ; IQ
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The interdependence of the predicted in vitro residual enzyme activity (PRA), as deduced from the complete genotypes of 64 hyperphenylalaninaemic patients, and parameters for diagnosis of hyperphenylalaninaemic disorders, the fluctuation of the phyenlylalanine (Phe) values during treatment, long-term dietary control during treatment, and a parameter for the outcome of therapy (IQ) was investigated by correlation analysis. A highly significant correlation was found between the PRA and diagnostic parameters, as well as the fluctuation of the Phe values during treatment. Significant correlations were also observed between the parameter describing the fluctuation of the Phe values and the IQ, as well as between the quality of dietary control and IQ. The PRA is a valuable tool for the differential diagnosis of hyperphenylalaninaemic disorders and for the prediction of one aspect of the course of the disease which is related to the intellectual outcome of therapy. The quality of dietary control was independent of the genotype, indicating that the outcome of therapy can be successfully manipulated in spite of the genetic make-up.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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