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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 24 (1991), S. 2634-2636 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Muskelrelaxanzien ; Rocuronium ; Pharmakodynamik ; Geschlecht ; Neuromuskuläres Monitoring ; Elektromyographie ; Key words Neuromuscular blocking agent: rocuronium ; Neuromuscular blocking agent: pharmacodynamic ; Neuromuscular blocking agent: gender ; Neuromuscular monitoring: electromyography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Background. We studied 40 patients (20 female and 20 male) undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia to evaluate the effect of gender on the pharmacodynamics of rocuronium. Methods. Using electromyography (EMG) we determined the maximal neuromuscular block and time course of action of 0.45 mg/kg rocuronium (1.5×ED95). Results. Age and body mass index were comparable between females and males (38 (±8) vs. 37 (±10) years and 24.2 (±2.9) vs. 25.2 (±1.7) kg/m2. However, significant differences in weight and height were found between females and males (65.7±9.3 kg vs. 77.5±5.5 kg; p〈0.01 and 178±6.8 cm vs. 164±6.7 cm; p〈0,01). Onset time was shorter in females (168±65 s vs. 211±56 s; p〈0.05). Maximal neuromuscular blockade after 0.45 mg/kg rocuronium was 94 (±3) % in females and 89 (±6) % in males; p〈0.01. Clinical duration was increased in females (23±5 min vs. 17±5 min; p〈0.05), while the recovery index was comparable between both groups (9±4 min in females and 9±3 min in males; n.s.). Conclusion. Compared to men neuromuscular blockade after 0.45 mg/kg rocuronium was more pronounced in women. The onset time was shortened and the clinical duration increased in female patients.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung. Die pharmakodynamische Wirkung zahlreicher Anästhetika und Adjuvanzien wird auch durch das Geschlecht der Patienten beeinflusst. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es zu untersuchen ob es zwischen männlichen und weiblichen Patienten Unterschiede im Verlauf der neuromuskulären Blockade von 0,45 mg/kg Rocuronium (1,5 × ED95) gibt. Methodik. Mittels Elektromyographie wurde an jeweils 20 weiblichen (Gruppe A) und 20 männlichen Patienten (Gruppe B) der zeitliche Verlauf der neuromuskulären Blockade und die maximale Muskelblockade nach 0,45 mg/kg Rocuronium untersucht. Ergebnisse. Die Patientinnen waren 38 (±8) Jahre, die Patienten 37 (±10) Jahre alt (n.s.). In Gruppe A betrug der body mass index (BMI) 24,2 (±2,9)kg/m2, in Gruppe B 25,2 (1,7) kg/m2; n.s. Die männlichen Patienten waren signifikant schwerer und größer als die weiblichen Patienten: 77,5 (±5,5) kg vs. 65,7 (±9,3) kg; p〈0,01 und 178 (±6,8) cm vs. 164 (±6,7) cm; p〈0,01. Verglichen mit den männlichen Patienten war die Anschlagzeit von Rocuronium bei den weiblichen Patienten im Mittel 43 s kürzer (211 (±56) s vs. 168 (±65) s, p〈0,05). Das Ausmaß der maximalen Blockade nach 0,45 mg/kg Rocuronium betrug in Gruppe A 94 (±3)% (Spannbreite: 89%–100%); in Gruppe B hingegen war die maximale neuromuskuläre Blockade signifikant geringer ausgeprägt: 89 (±6)% (Spannbreite 74%–97%); (p〈0,01). Die Wirkdauer war bei Frauen signifikant länger als bei Männer (23 (±5) min vs. 17 (±5) min, p〈0,05); der Erholungsindex war hingegen in beiden Gruppen vergleichbar: 9 (±4) min vs. 9 (±3) min (n.s.); Tabelle 2. Schlussfolgerung. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung kam es nach 0,45 mg/kg Rocuronium bei Frauen zu einer deutlich ausgeprägteren neuromuskulären Blockade als bei Männern. Dies zeigte sich sowohl in einer größeren maximalen Muskelblockade als auch in einer kürzeren Anschlagzeit und einer längeren Wirkdauer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 72.15.Lh; 78.47.+p; 73.50.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Time-resolved two-photon photoemission, based on the equal-pulse correlation technique, is used to measure the energy relaxation and the transport of the photoexcited carriers in thin Ag and Au films. The energy-dependent relaxation time shows a significant thickness dependence in the Ag film, whereas for Au a much smaller effect is observed. These experimental observations are compared with a theoretical model based on the Boltzmann equation, which includes secondary (Auger) electrons and transport. A good agreement between experimental and theoretical results is found for Au. However, in our calculations, we did not find any significant change in the thickness dependence in the case of Ag. In order to explain the strong effect in Ag, we discuss the possibility of surface excitations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefässchirurgie 14 (2000), S. 204-211 
    ISSN: 0930-9225
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Venenentnahme – Wundheilungsstörungen –¶kosmetische Inzision ; Key words Harvesting of the saphenous vein –¶wound healing disturbances – cosmetic incision
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In Germany about 75000 patients received the CABG operation last year, these are about 75% of all open heart operation procedures. The most frequently used conduit is the greater saphenous vein. In the last years a lot of new minimally invasive techniques for vein harvesting revolutionized the field of CABG operation procedures, nevertheless the most common technique today is the traditional, open technique with long, continuous incision for the open preparation of the saphenous vein. Using traditional open saphenectomy, wound healing disturbances are common and have been reported to occur in 5–25% of patients. The prevalence of wound healing disturbances varies widely, depending to some degree of definition, as well of the intensity of follow up. Minimal and less invasive vein harvesting studies have been shown to be effective in decreasing leg wound disturbances, resulting much superior cosmetic results. Advantages and disadvantages of minimally invasive vein harvesting techniques are today the topic of controversy discussions in heart surgery.¶   We reported our experience of modified minimally invasive harvesting of the saphenous vein using the Aesculap retractor system with performing 3–4 small cutaneous incisions. According to our experience these results show that the use of modified minimally invasive harvesting of the great saphenous vein is an attractive alternative to the traditional open harvest technique with fewer wound complication, more patient satisfaction and excellent cosmetic aspects. Therefore, we hope that less or minimally invasive systems for harvesting of the saphenous vein will be established in the future in CABG operation procedures.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Jährlich werden in Deutschland ca. 75000 Patienten mit koronarer Herzerkrankung (ca. 75% aller Herzoperationen) operativ versorgt. Als Bypassmaterial stehen arterielle Grafts und autologe Venen, vorwiegend die Vena saphena magna, zur Verfügung. In den letzten Jahren revolutionieren minimal-invasive Venenentnahmetechniken die Bypasschirurgie, dennoch erfolgt heute die Saphenektomie zum Großteil mittels kontinuierlicher Inzision der Haut vom Knöchel bis in die Leiste zur offenen Präparation der Vena saphena magna. Wundheilungsstörungen nach offener Saphenektomie werden wiederholt diskutiert und sind Gegenstand jeder herzchirurgischen Nachbehandlung nach koronarchirurgischen Eingriffen und Grund für die Aufwertung neuer, minimal-invasiver Entnahmetechniken. Diese Wundheilungsstörungen, je nach Beobachtungszeitraum, werden in der Literatur zwischen 5–25% angegeben. Die Vor- und Nachteile minimal-invasiver Systeme sind derzeit Inhalt kontroverser Diskussion.¶   Die vorgestellte Technik (modifizierte „Bridge”-Technik) zeigt erwünschte Ergebnisse, insbesondere eine sehr hohe Patientenzufriedenheit hinsichtlich des kosmetischen Ergebnisses und der nur geringen Einschränkung durch die Saphenektomiewunde(n). Es ließ sich nur eine geringe Rate an postoperativen Komplikationen (hier 3%) feststellen. Minimal-invasive Venenentnahmesysteme halten wir für praktikabel, effizient und leicht erlernbar. Wir sehen es deshalb als wichtig an, diese Techniken weiter im klinischen Gebrauch zu etablieren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protects dopaminergic neurones against toxic and physical damage. In addition, GDNF promotes differentiation and structural integrity of dopaminergic neurones. Here we show that GDNF can support the function of primary dopaminergic neurones by triggering activation of GTP-cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH I), a key enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis. GDNF stimulation of primary dopaminergic neurones expressing both tyrosine 3-monooxygenase and GTPCH I resulted in a dose-dependent doubling of GTPCH I activity, and a concomitant increase in tetrahydrobiopterin levels whereas tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity was not altered. Actinomycin D, asan inhibitor of de novo biosynthesis, abolished any GDNF-mediated up-regulation of GTPCH I activity. However, GTPCH I mRNA levels in primary dopaminergic neurones were not altered by GDNF treatment, suggesting that the mode of action for that up-regulation is not directly connected to the regulation of GTPCH I transcription. We conclude that GDNF, in addition to its action in structural differentiation, also promotes differentiation regarding expression and enzymatic activity of a crucial component in the dopaminergic biosynthetic pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 2 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Axon degeneration after disruption of fibre tracts in the mammalian nervous system is accompanied by myelin breakdown which leads to changes in its magnetic resonance properties. In two patients with pure motor strokes due to small ischaemic lesions restricted to the internal capsule, magnetic resonance imaging disclosed a narrow band of pathological signal increase descending band-like into the brain stem and ascending to the precentral gyrus, which corresponded to the well-known path of the pyramidal tract. The findings suggest that in man anterograde and possibly retrograde fibre degeneration can be traced in vivo by conventional magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Critical conditions are the presence of small, strategically located lesions, appropriate choice of imaging plane, and the interval between time of lesion and of imaging. This demonstration may open a new era for functional neuroanatomy of man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 59 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 6092-6094 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on investigations of the crystallographic structure and the magnetic anisotropies of epitaxial iron films deposited onto periodically stepped Ag(001) surfaces using low energy electron diffraction, x-ray diffraction, second harmonic generation (SHG), as well as the Brillouin light scattering (BLS) technique. The focus of the present study lies on the interrelation between the surface morphology of the buffer layers and the magnetic properties of the Fe films, epitaxially grown onto them. Especially the symmetry breaking at the atomic steps is found to create an uniaxial magnetic anisotropy measured by BLS and a very strong anisotropic signal in magnetic SHG. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5088-5090 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new advanced space- and time-resolved Brillouin light scattering technique is used to study diffraction of two-dimensional beams and pulses of dipolar spin waves excited by strip-line antennas in tangentially magnetized garnet films. The technique is an effective tool for investigations of two-dimensional spin wave propagation with high spatial and temporal resolution. Nonlinear effects such as stationary and nonstationary self-focusing are investigated in detail. It is shown that nonlinear diffraction of a stationary backward volume magnetostatic wave (BVMSW) beam, having a finite transverse aperture, leads to self-focusing of the beam at one spatial point. Diffraction of a finite-duration (nonstationary) BVMSW pulse leads to space–time self-focusing and formation of a strongly localized two-dimensional wave packet (spin wave bullet). © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 6274-6276 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report results of the switching properties of thin magnetic films described by Stoner-like magnetic blocks subject to ultrashort, laterally localized magnetic field pulses, obtained by numerical investigations. Perpendicularly magnetized films exhibit a magnetization reversal due to a 4 ps magnetic field pulse, which can be explained with a coherent rotation model. Although the magnetic field pulse is short compared to the ferromagnetic resonance precession time, the time needed for the relaxation of the magnetization to the equilibrium state is rather large. In addition, we show numerical results for the magnetization reversal of an in-plane magnetized sample with uniaxial in-plane anisotropy. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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