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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pediatric Psychopharmacology (2001)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 42 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: This paper reviews research in pediatric psychopharmacology over the past decade. The authors first discuss social, economic, and other influences on pediatric psychopharmacology research and prescribing patterns including changing models of childhood psychopathology, increased government funding, and changes in industry regulations. Definitions are offered for current research terminology including efficacy, effectiveness, and adverse events. Design trends and new approaches to outcome measurement are also presented. New data from the last 10 years of research is reviewed for each major class of psychotropic agents. Criteria for inclusion in the review are presented and include aspects of study design (placebo-controlled, large sample size), source of funding (government funded vs. industry), and vision (creative applications). Data for short-term efficacy, long-term efficacy, effectiveness, and safety and adverse events are discussed for each class of medication, although for many, there remains little empirical data. Findings for stimulants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, neuroleptics, alpha-adrenergic agonists, mood stabilizers, buproprion, secretin, naltrexone, immune therapies, and natural supplements are all presented. Finally, the authors offer some speculations regarding the future of pediatric psychopharmacology research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00703
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactive perforating collagenosis associated with scabies in a diabetic (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 18 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Reactive perforating collagenosis (RPC) in adults commonly manifests in patients with diabetes mellitus. Pruritus and consequent induced scratching have been identified as the bases for the evolution of this skin disease. We present the unusual case of a 55-year-old female diabetic with characteristic umbilicated skin lesions and a long history of scabies. Histology from a crusty nodule revealed transepidermal elimination of collagen. Following antiscabietic treatment, two courses of oral doxycycline demonstrated beneficial effects in controlling the perforating skin disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2004.00978.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patch test results with the metalworking fluid series of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 51 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Based on the information of the interdisciplinary task force on allergy diagnostics in the metal branch, in 2001, the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) compiled two metalworking fluid (MWF) test series with currently and previously used components, respectively. After 2 years of patch testing, we present results obtained with these series, based on data of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK). 251 metalworkers who were patch tested because of suspected MWF dermatitis in 2002 and 2003 were included in this retrospective data analysis. Of these, 206 were tested with the current MWF series and 155 with the historical MWF series. Among the current MWF allergens, monoethanolamine ranked 1st with 11.6% positive reactions. Diethanolamine (3.0%), triethanolamine (1.1%), and diglycolamine (1.9%) elicited positive reactions far less frequently. Allergic reactions to p-aminoazobenzene were frequently observed (6.0%), but the relevance of these reactions is still obscure. Positive reactions to biocides ranged from 4.5% for Bioban® CS 1135 to 0.5% for iodopropynyl butylcarbamate and 2-phenoxyethanol. Concomitant reactions to formaldehyde, which caused positive reactions in 3.3%, and formaldehyde releasers occurred to varying extents without conclusive pattern. No positive reactions were seen to dibutyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate, isopropyl myristate or benzotriazole. With the historical MWF test series, positive reactions to methyldibromo glutaronitrile (MDBGN) were observed most frequently. However, sensitization via allergen sources other than MWF seems likely, as MDBGN, during the study period, has been one of the most frequent preservative allergens in cosmetics and body care products. Other historical MWF allergens comprised morpholinyl mercaptobenzothiazole (3.3%), benzisothiazolinone (BIT; 2.0%) and Bioban® P 1487(1.3%). BIT is currently used in MWF again, so it was shifted to the current MWF test series. As decreasing reaction frequencies to former MWF allergens that are no longer used can be expected, the historical series should be re-evaluated after some years. The test series with current MWF allergens has to be kept up-to-date based on information from industry and to be kept concise by eliminating test substances which never cause positive reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00416.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FS06.1
Contact allergy to oxidized fragrance terpenes. (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc.
    Contact dermatitis 50 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Terpenes are among the most widely used fragrances, found not only in fine fragrances but most often incorporated in domestic and occupational products. Terpenes oxidize easily at air-exposure. Our previous studies have proved that limonene, linalool and caryophyllene are not allergenic in themselves but easily form allergenic products due to autoxidation. The aim of this study was to study the frequency and characteristics of allergic reactions in Europe to some oxidized fragrance terpenes.Method:  Consecutive dermatitis patients in six European dermatological centers were patch tested with oxidized terpenes. Questionnaires, standard and additional fragrance patch test materials were used in the diagnosis of fragrance allergy.Results:  Oxidized limonene was tested in 2411, while oxidized linalool, linalool hydroperoxide, oxidized caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide and oxidized myrcene in additional 1511 patients. Of the patients tested 2.6% showed positive reaction to oxidized limonene, 1.3% to oxidized linalool, 0.5% to oxidized caryophyllene and 1 patient to oxidized myrcene. 1.1% of the patients reacted to linalool hydroperoxide, while testing with caryophyllene oxide resulted in few positive Results: 60% of the patients reacting to oxidized terpenes had fragrance related contact allergy and/or positive history for fragrance related dermatitis.Conclusion:  Oxidized limonene and linalool are common allergens in dermatitis patients tested consecutively in Europe. Our results indicate that autoxidation of fragrance terpenes contributes to fragrance allergy to a great extent. This observation emphasises the need of testing with chemicals that patients actually come in contact with and not only ingredients that were originally applied in the commercial formulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.0309bj.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The association between ambient air conditions (temperature and absolute humidity), irritant sodium lauryl sulfate patch test reactions and patch test reactivity to standard allergens (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 49 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To support the decision as to whether erythematous patch test reactions to allergens are irritant or allergic, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS, 0·5% in water) has been added to the standard patch tests since July 1996 in the Dortmund Department of Dermatology. Data on 1600 patients patch tested up until June 2001, as well as standardized data on ambient temperature and humidity obtained by the German Meteorological Service, were included in a logistic regression analysis taking age, sex and atopy as potential confounders into account. The pattern of association was heterogeneous: while doubtful reactions to nickel sulfate were significantly associated with dry/cold weather conditions, but not with SLS reactivity, the opposite was observed for lanolin alcohol, benzocaine and Myroxylon pereirae resin (balsam of Peru). Doubtful reactions to other allergens, namely formaldehyde, fragrance mix or p-phenylenediamine, were associated with both factors. For several other allergens of the standard series, no distinct, significant pattern could be discerned. In conclusion, meteorological conditions and SLS reactivity independently contribute information on individual irritability at the time of patch testing, and both should be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2003.00178.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde- known as Lyral®: quantitative aspects and risk assessment of an important fragrance allergen (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 48 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, also known as Lyral®, is a fragrance ingredient identified as the cause of contact allergic reactions in 2–3% of eczema patients undergoing patch testing. Lyral® has been included in the standard patch test series in many clinics due to its importance as an allergen. It has been used without restrictions in cosmetic products, until now. In the present study, the dose–response relationship of Lyral® contact allergy was studied with doses relevant for normal exposure in cosmetic products. 18 eczema patients, who previously had given a positive patch test to Lyral® 5% petrolatum, were included along with 7 control subjects. All cases were tested with a serial dilution of Lyral® in ethanol 6% to 6 p.p.m and subjected to a 2-week, repeated open application test with a low dose of Lyral® in ethanol. In the case of no reaction, this was followed by another 2 weeks of testing with a higher dose. The test was performed at the volar aspect of the forearm. In 16 of 18 cases (89%), a positive use test developed, 11 reacting to the low and 5 to the high concentration. None reacted to the vehicle control of ethanol applied to the contralateral arm. All controls were negative to both the test solutions of Lyral® and the ethanol control. The difference between the test and the control group was statistically significant (Fisher's test, P 〈 0·001). It is concluded that Lyral® at the current usage levels is inducing sensitization in the community. The same levels were shown to elicit allergic contact dermatitis in almost all sensitized individuals. A significant reduction in usage concentrations is recommended to prevent contact allergic reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2003.00126.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patch tests with thiurams at 0.25% pet. and 1% pet. are of equal diagnostic value (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 46 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Thiuram mix is tested in the standard series at a test concentration of 1% pet. The single thiurams (DPTD, TMTD, TMTM, TETD), however, are usually tested at 0.25% pet. in Germany. In other countries, the individual components of thiuram mix are tested at 1% pet. The German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) compared both patch test concentrations in 530 patients in order to find out if (i) a significant number of positive patch tests are missed by testing at the lower concentration, (ii) problems with irritant test reactions occur by increasing the test concentration to 1%, and (iii) the sensitivity of the thiuram mix rises when the breakdown test is done with the higher concentration. Slightly more positive reactions were seen with the higher concentration, but this increase did not reach statistical significance. The reaction index, as a measure for the relation of positive to irritant and/or questionable reactions, remained unchanged for the individual thiurams. The sensitivity of the mix also did not change when the breakdown test was performed with 1% pet. instead of 0.25% pet. Thus, we conclude that both concentrations are of equal diagnostic value in patch testing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.460502.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lyral® has been included in the patch test standard series in Germany (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 46 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lyral® 5% pet. was tested in 3245 consecutive patch test patients in 20 departments of dermatology in order (i) to check the diagnostic quality of this patch test preparation, (ii) to examine concomitant reactions to Lyral and fragrance mix (FM), and (iii) to assess the frequency of contact allergy to Lyral in an unselected patch test population of German dermatological clinics. 62 patients reacted to Lyral, i.e. 1.9%. One third of the positive reactions were + + and + + + . The reaction index was 0.27. Thus, the test preparation can be regarded a good diagnostic tool. Lyral and fragrance mix (FM) were tested in parallel in 3185 patients. Of these, 300 (9.4%) reacted to FM, and 59 (1.9%) to Lyral. In 40 patients, positive reactions to both occurred, which is 13.3% of those reacting to FM, and 67.8% of those reacting to Lyral. So the concordance of positive test reactions to Lyral and FM was only slight. Based on these results, the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) decided to add Lyral 5% pet. to the standard series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.460509.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allergic contact dermatitis from zinc ricinoleate in a deodorant and glyceryl ricinoleate in a lipstick (2001)
    Copenhagen : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 44 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.44020919.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    VEGF production, cell proliferation and apoptosis of human IGR 1 melanoma cells under nIFN-α/β and rIFN-γ treatment (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 9 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effect of natural and recombinant interferons (nIFN, rIFN) on cell growth, apoptosis and the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was investigated in the human melanoma cell line IGR 1. We determined cell proliferation, cell vitality, DNA synthesis, apoptosis, intracellular oxygen radicals (ROS) and VEGF-mRNA as well as VEGF-protein levels. rIFN-γ significantly inhibited growth by decreasing DNA synthesis and increasing apoptosis. Less pronounced was the growth inhibitory effect of nIFN-β because an increased rate of apoptosis was outweighed by enhanced DNA synthesis. nIFN-α only had minor effects on cell growth parameters. Under long-term incubation (144 h) nIFN-β decreased, but rIFN-γ increased production of the angiogen VEGF. Our data underscore the multiple effects of IFNs on melanoma cells and may contribute to the understanding of ambivalent results of melanoma therapy by IFNs. Particularly, the increased VEGF production under long-term treatment with serum IFN levels between 100 and 1200 IU/ml should be kept in mind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0625.2000.009005327.x
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