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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of patch test results by use of the reaction index. An analysis of data recorded by the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 33 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Results of patch tests performed in 15.553 patients by IS dermatological department (members of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group) and recorded by the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) were analysed by comparing recently defined reaction indices (RIs). The RIs studied were calculated from the numbers of allergic (a), questionable (q), and irritant (i) reactions (RI = (a-q-i/(a+q+l)), which were obtained using 13 European standard allergens. RIs were calculated for all patients and for separate subgroups defined by age, sex, history of atopic dermatitis time of allergen exposure (1 versus 2 days), and lime of patch test reading (2 or 3 days after allergen application), Higher RIs were consistently obtained when patch tests were applied for 1 day, as compared to 2 days. Readings at 3 days after allergen application resulted in higher RIs than readings after 2 days. In contrast, sex, age, and history of atopic dermatitis of patients were not found to have LI consistent influence on the RIs. We suggest that reading after 3 days should be obligatory, and that allergen exposure for 1 day instead of 2 days might make patch test evaluation easier. These suggestions need to be substantiated by data on clinical relevance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb02070.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occupational (photo)allergic contact dermatitis from azaperone in a piglet dealer (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 25 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01859.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The MOAHLFA index of irritant sodium lauryl sulfate reactions: first results of a multicentre study on routine sodium lauryl sulfate patch testing (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 51 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a multicentre study of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) 0.25% and 0.5% aq. has been added to routine allergen patch tests to assess its properties as a convenient diagnostic indicator of individual susceptibility to irritation at the time of patch testing. Previous studies indicated that irritant SLS reactivity may be related to individual factors such as age and sex. As these factors are, in turn, among the important predictors of contact allergy to many allergens, e.g. summarized in the ‘MOAHLFA index’, the impact of the MOAHLFA factors on irritant SLS patch test reactivity, and thus a potential for confounding, was assessed in the 5971 participating patients. As a result of 2 logistic regression analyses with an irritant reaction to 0.25% and 0.5% SLS, respectively, as outcome, male sex was identified as a relatively weak but significant risk factor (OR 1.38), while age 40 years or older was an even weaker risk factor (OR 1.22 and 1.15, respectively). Upon detailed analysis, no clear age gradient could, however, be identified. 1-day exposure time almost halved the odds of an irritant SLS reaction. In conclusion, this type of SLS patch test can be regarded as robust, indicating individual irritability relatively independent from the individual factors analysed here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00458.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patch tests with thiurams at 0.25% pet. and 1% pet. are of equal diagnostic value (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 46 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Thiuram mix is tested in the standard series at a test concentration of 1% pet. The single thiurams (DPTD, TMTD, TMTM, TETD), however, are usually tested at 0.25% pet. in Germany. In other countries, the individual components of thiuram mix are tested at 1% pet. The German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) compared both patch test concentrations in 530 patients in order to find out if (i) a significant number of positive patch tests are missed by testing at the lower concentration, (ii) problems with irritant test reactions occur by increasing the test concentration to 1%, and (iii) the sensitivity of the thiuram mix rises when the breakdown test is done with the higher concentration. Slightly more positive reactions were seen with the higher concentration, but this increase did not reach statistical significance. The reaction index, as a measure for the relation of positive to irritant and/or questionable reactions, remained unchanged for the individual thiurams. The sensitivity of the mix also did not change when the breakdown test was performed with 1% pet. instead of 0.25% pet. Thus, we conclude that both concentrations are of equal diagnostic value in patch testing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.460502.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lyral® has been included in the patch test standard series in Germany (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 46 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lyral® 5% pet. was tested in 3245 consecutive patch test patients in 20 departments of dermatology in order (i) to check the diagnostic quality of this patch test preparation, (ii) to examine concomitant reactions to Lyral and fragrance mix (FM), and (iii) to assess the frequency of contact allergy to Lyral in an unselected patch test population of German dermatological clinics. 62 patients reacted to Lyral, i.e. 1.9%. One third of the positive reactions were + + and + + + . The reaction index was 0.27. Thus, the test preparation can be regarded a good diagnostic tool. Lyral and fragrance mix (FM) were tested in parallel in 3185 patients. Of these, 300 (9.4%) reacted to FM, and 59 (1.9%) to Lyral. In 40 patients, positive reactions to both occurred, which is 13.3% of those reacting to FM, and 67.8% of those reacting to Lyral. So the concordance of positive test reactions to Lyral and FM was only slight. Based on these results, the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) decided to add Lyral 5% pet. to the standard series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.460509.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)dodecylamine and dimethyldidecylammonium chloride in 2 hospital staff (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 45 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.045001040.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FS04.5
Iodopropynylbutyl carbamate (IPBC) 0.2% is suggested for patch testing of patients with eczema possibly related to preservatives (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc.
    Contact dermatitis 50 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Iodopropynylbutyl carbamate (IPBC)is a preservative that has been increasingly used for skin care products and cosmetics within the last years and the first cases of contact sensitization have meanwhile been reported. Therefore, a surveillance for IPBC contact allergy is now necessary. Our study was aimed to find out a suitable test concentration of IPBC for this purpose. The data 8106 patients tested by 23 centres of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) and the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK)in the time from May 2001 to July 2003 with IPBC in concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.5% were retrospectively evaluated. Criteria considered to determine the optimal test concentration of IPBC were the reaction index, the positivity ratio, the rate of crescendo reactions, and the relation of IPBC-reactions with MOAHLFA-indices, with irritant reactions to sodium lauryl sulfate, and with positive reactions to the most common standard contact allergens and 4 other preservatives. For statistical evaluations the exact McNemar test was applied and odds ratios were calculated according to the profile likelihood method, as derived from logistic regression analyses. The rate of positive reactions to IPBC increased from 0.5% with IPBC 0.1% to 1.7% with IPBC 0.5%, but there was a problem with sensitivity or specificity with both of these 2 concentrations. Therefore, we focused on IPBC 0.2%(0.8% positive reactions) and IPBC 0.3%(1.3% positive reactions) for further detailed analyses. An evaluation of the related parameters revealed that with IPBC 0.2% as compared to IPBC 0.3% a higher percentage of crescendo reactions, a higher reaction index, a lower number of doubtful reactions, a plausible association of positive reactions with reactions to other preservatives, nd no association with a pronounced skin irritability was found. In conclusion, we recommend to start with IPBC 0.2% for patch testing of all persons with contact dermatitis that may be related to preservatives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.0309an.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The concentration of para-phenylenediamine (PPD) for routine patch testing in a standard series needs to be redefined (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 53 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00702.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positive patch tests with a dermatophagoides mix relate to an increased responsiveness to standard patch test allergens (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 46 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The diagnostic meaningfulness of patch tests with house dust mite allergens is still questionable. Our own impression has been that positive results with a dermatophagoides mix may occur preferentially in patients with a generally enhanced responsiveness to contact allergens. To check this, all of our patients allocated to patch testing with the standard series were additionally patch tested with a dermatophagoides mix by the same technique that was used for standard contact allergens. Out of 571 patients tested, 188 showed delayed responses to this mix that were indistinguishable from typical allergic patch test reactions but of no apparent clinical relevance. No relationship was found between positive dermatophagoides patch tests and an atopic disposition of the patients or characteristics of their eczema. However, 64.4% of the patients with a positive dermatophagoides patch test showed a response to at least 1 contact allergen of the standard series, compared to only 56.4% of the patients without a positive dermatophagoides reaction (p 〈 0.05). The reactivity to the mite mix was not related to the responsiveness towards any particular contact allergens. We suppose that some unidentified factors may contribute to positive reactions to the dermatophagoides mix that may also favour an enhanced general responsiveness to contact allergens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.460501.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positive nickel patch tests do not intensify positive reactions to adjacent patch tests with dichromate (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 43 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The possible interference of neighbouring allergic patch-test reactions is still an open question. In this study, we investigated whether there is a distance-related mutual modification of neighbouring allergic patch-test reactions to nickel sulfate and potassium dichromate. We used a double-blind multicentre study design with randomized attachment of special TRUE Tests with 1, 3 and 7 cm distance between nickel sulfate and potassium dichromate patches. 589 patients with a history of nickel allergy (523 female, 66 male) were tested, with a mean age of 35 years. A log-linear modelling approach was used for statistical assessment of the relation between the distance separating neighbouring patch tests with nickel and dichromate and the reactions to the allergens. Non-reproducibility coefficients were compared by the generalized version of Fisher's exact test for arbitrary 2-dimensional contingency tables. For the left side of the back, virtually no differences (p=0.70) were found in the reaction patterns obtained for the 3 distances separating nickel and dichromate patch tests. On the right side of the back, the number of reactions to dichromate patches with only 1 cm distance from moderate/strong nickel reactions was lower than the number of positive dichromate tests at larger distances from nickel tests (on the border of statistical significance: p=0.05). Corresponding side-related results were obtained for subgroups of patients with and without a history of atopic dermatitis. The non-reproducibility of reactions to dichromate was not significantly related to the distance between neighbouring tests. Our data argue against a “spillover“ effect of strong/moderate nickel reactions, but indicate that such reactions may, under certain conditions, attenuate adjacent reactions to an unrelated allergen. In the case of future verification, this will have implications for the interpretation of patch tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2000.043003144.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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