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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel truncated isoform of the mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease (MASP) from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (2000)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 51 (2000), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words MASP ; Lectin pathway ; Complement ; Truncated form ; Alternative polyadenylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) play crucial roles in activation of the lectin pathway of the complement system. Mammals and Xenopus possess two distinct MASPs, MASP1 and MASP2, with different substrate specificity. Recently, a truncated form named MAp19 or sMAP, composed of N-terminal C1r/C1s/Uegf/bone morphogenetic protein (CUB)-1 and epidermal growth factor domains of MASP2, has been shown to be generated by alternative polyadenylation and splicing from the MASP2 gene. In the present study, we isolated cDNA encoding a novel MASP-related protein, designated MRP, from carp. MRP is distinct from MAp19/sMAP in containing two additional domains, CUB-2 and short concensus repeat (SCR)-1, followed by a unique C-terminal 21 amino acids, but resembles it by also lacking the serine protease domain, suggesting that carp MRP is a functional homologue of human MAp19/sMAP. Analyses of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified carp genomic DNA, from CUB-2 to SCR-2 of MASP, indicated that carp possess duplicated MASP genes, designated MASP-A and MASP-B, both of which contain an exon encoding the MRP-specific C-terminal stretch between the exons coding for SCR-1 and SCR-2 domains. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that both MASP genes of carp produce the two MASP isoforms, MASP and MRP, through alternative polyadenylation and splicing. The conservation of MASP isoforms that lack the catalytic domain in both carp and human implies that they meet an essential requirement in the MBL-MASP complex of the lectin pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050031
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of collimated beams of relativistic ions in laser-plasma interactions (2000)
    Springer
    JETP letters 71 (2000), S. 407-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 52.40.Nk.408
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method is proposed for generating collimated beams of fast ions in laser-plasma interactions. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that the ponderomotive force expels electrons from the plasma region irradiated by a laser pulse. The ions with unneutralized electric charge that remain in this region are accelerated by Coulomb repulsive forces. The ions are focused by tailoring the target and also as a result of pinching in the magnetic field produced by the electric current of fast ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.568365
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunological cell situation in the skin of atopic model mice (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 18 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  We observed nishikinezumi, cinnamon-coloured (NC)/Fujita (F) mice aged between 5 and 28 weeks. These NC mice have skin eruptions that resemble human atopic dermatitis (AD) under conventional circumstances.Object  We investigated the skin of eruptive and non-eruptive lesions in NC/F mice by using haematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining, toluidine blue staining and immunohistopathological study with immunoglobulin (Ig)EɛRI, CD23, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, interferon (INF)-γ and Ia antigen.Results  Histological examination of the eruptive lesions revealed the perivascular infiltration of many lymphocytes and mast cells into the upper dermis. Intracellular oedema of the epidermis, lymphocyte infiltration into the epidermis and liquefaction degeneration of the basal layer were also observed. The numbers of IL-4 and IL-5 positive cells in the eruptive lesions were larger than those of the non-eruptive lesions. IL-4 and IL-5 positive cells in the eruptive lesions increased weekly. Some IFN-γ positive cells were observed in the eruptive lesions after 21 weeks. IFN-γ positive cells were scarce in the skin of both the non-eruptive and eruptive lesions before 21 weeks. Serum IgE increased from 7 weeks to 21 weeks.Discussion  We confirmed that these findings indicated that T helper (Th)2-dominant immunological activation transformed to a Th1-dominant situation. Many IgEɛRI positive cells were recognized in the dermis of the eruptive lesions by the time IgE had decreased. We assumed that the dermatitis before 21 weeks was an IgE-mediated allergy. We have previously reported that older NC/F mice had positive patch-test reactions to mites. Because serum IgE decreased after 21 weeks, dermatitis after 21 weeks might be associated more with cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity than with IgE-mediated immediate allergy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2004.00855.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of Citrobacter amalonaticus methylaspartate ammonia lyase (2001)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. 1922-1924 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Methylaspartate ammonia lyase (MAL) catalyses the reversible α,β-elimination of ammonia from L-threo-(2S,3S)-3-methylaspartic acid to give mesaconic acid. Crystals of Citrobacter amalonaticus MAL have been obtained by the hanging-drop method of vapour diffusion using ammonium sulfate as the precipitant. Three crystal forms were obtained from identical crystallization conditions, two of which (forms A and B) diffract to high resolution, whilst the third form diffracted poorly. Crystals of form A diffract to beyond 2.1 Å and have been characterized as belonging to one of the enantiomorphic space groups P4122 or P4322, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 66.0, c = 233.1 Å, α = β = γ = 90° and a monomer in the asymmetric unit. Crystals of form B diffract to beyond 1.5 Å and belong to space group C222, with unit-cell parameters a = 128.3, b = 237.4, c = 65.8 Å, α = β = γ = 90° and a dimer in the asymmetric unit. Determination of the structure of MAL will be an important step in resolving current conflicts concerning the enzyme mechanism which differ between one which places MAL as a member of the superfamily of ammonia lyases whose catalytic activity requires a cofactor formed by post-translational modification of the enzyme and another which links MAL to the enolase superfamily.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444901016675
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of ultra-intense laser plasma interactions for fast ignition : The 41st annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the american physical society (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 2014-2022 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Laser plasma interactions in a relativistic parameter regime have been intensively investigated for studying the possibility of fast ignition in inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Using ultra-intense laser systems and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation codes, relativistic laser light self-focusing, super hot electrons, ions, and neutron production, are studied. The experiments are performed with ultra-intense laser with 50 J energy, 0.5–1 ps pulse at 1053 nm laser wavelength at a laser intensity of 1019 W/cm2. Most of the laser shots are studied under preformed plasma conditions with a 100 μm plasma scale length condition. In the study of laser pulse behavior in the preformed plasmas, a special mode has been observed which penetrated the preformed plasma all the way very close to the original planar target surface. On these shots, super hot electrons have been observed with its energy peak exceeding 1 MeV. The energy transport of the hot electrons has been studied with making use of Kα emissions from a seeded metal layer in planar targets. The details of ion acceleration followed by beam fusion reaction have been studied with neutron spectrometers. Laser ponderomotive force self-focusing and hot electron generation have been applied to a compressed core to see the effect of heating by injecting 12 beams of 100 ps, 1 TW pulses. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874023
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coherent spin manipulation without magnetic fields in strained semiconductors (2004)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 427 (2004), S. 50-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A consequence of relativity is that in the presence of an electric field, the spin and momentum states of an electron can be coupled; this is known as spin–orbit coupling. Such an interaction opens a pathway to the manipulation of electron spins within non-magnetic semiconductors, in the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02202
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical control of spin coherence in semiconductor nanostructures (2001)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 414 (2001), S. 619-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The processing of quantum information based on the electron spin degree of freedom requires fast and coherent manipulation of local spins. One approach is to provide spatially selective tuning of the spin splitting—which depends on the g-factor—by using magnetic fields, but this ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/414619a
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin A in sera of patients with atopic dermatitis (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background It has been reported that the toxins that Staphylococcus aureus produces are associated with the exacerbation of atopic dermatitis (AD). It has been shown in many studies that staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) A and SEB contribute to AD by humoral immunity through IgE production as a superantigen. On the other hand, little attention has been paid to the relationship between AD and exfoliative toxin x (ETx).Objective We investigated the toxins that are frequently detected from the skin of patients and how these toxins affect AD.Methods S. aureus, isolated from the skin of 100 patients with mild to severe AD, were examined for the producibility of toxins by polymerase chain reaction. Serum samples were obtained from 21 patients with mild and moderate AD. The levels of SEB, ETA, total IgE, specific IgE, and specific IgG in sera were measured by ELISA.Results SEB was most frequently detected from S. aureus on the skin of these patients as previously reported. And ETx, to which little attention has been paid so far, was frequently detected next to SEB. Furthermore, ETA was detected from the sera of almost all the AD patients. SEB was not detected at all. Although the level of ETA in the AD group was significantly higher than that of controls, ETA-specific IgE was not detected from their sera. High levels of ETA tended to be detected from infantile patients. Although there were no significant differences in the levels of ETA-IgG between AD and the controls, its prevalence was more than twice as high as the controls in AD.Conclusion These results suggest that many AD patients were exposed to ETx. We conclude that ETx may contribute to exacerbation of AD, particularly in infants, by a mechanism that is not through specific IgE production, unlike SEB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.1687.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Airway epithelial cells promote transmigration of eosinophils in a new three-dimensional chemotaxis model (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Prominent infiltration of eosinophils in airway mucosa is the pathognomonic sign of asthma. The role of airway epithelial cells in eosinophil infiltration, however, has not been fully elucidated.Objective The aim of this study is to develop a new in vitro transmigration system composed of airway epithelial cells and extracellular matrix, and to investigate the role of airway epithelial cells in eosinophil infiltration.Methods A layer of type I collagen gel was formed in Netwell™, and BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells were cultured on the gel. Then the wells covered with epithelial monolayer were filled with medium, inverted, and new upper chambers were constructed on the gel side by applying a ring cap. After further incubation with or without exogenous cytokines for 48 h, eosinophils or neutrophils were loaded in upper chambers (the gel side) and cells transmigrated to lower chambers (the epithelial cell side) were counted. Immunohistochemical analyses were also performed.Results While a simple collagen gel hardly promoted eosinophil migration even in the presence of eotaxin or RANTES, significant numbers of eosinophils migrated to lower chambers in the presence of the epithelial cells. Replacement of medium in the lower chamber (the epithelial cell side) with fresh medium, addition of exogenous eotaxin or RANTES in the upper chamber (the gel side), or pre-treatment of eosinophils with anti-CCR3 all inhibited transmigration. We found that the epithelial cells produced and deposited extracellular matrix proteins such as type IV collagen onto the type I collagen gel. Separately, we found that type IV collagen itself was capable of enhancing eotaxin-induced eosinophil migration in a standard chemotaxis assay. Neutrophils also efficiently migrated in the present transmigration system. Pre-treatment of epithelial cells with TNF-α and IL-4 enhanced eosinophil transmigration, while that of neutrophils was enhanced by TNF-α but suppressed by IL-4.Conclusion By utilizing a new in vitro transmigration system mimicking the airway mucosa, we have demonstrated that airway epithelial cells play an essential role in transmigration of eosinophils and that multiple factors such as chemokines, extracellular matrix proteins and exogenous inflammatory cytokines are involved in efficient transmigration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01362.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First night effect of an interocclusal appliance on nocturnal masticatory muscle activity (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an interocclusal appliance on nocturnal masticatory muscle activities. Six healthy Japanese males (mean age: 26·8 years) participated in this study. Electromyographic (EMG) activities of the right anterior temporalis and masseter muscles were recorded using a portable EMG recording unit at night both with and without an interocclusal appliance. In both muscles, the maximal EMG activity and the number of bruxing events decreased significantly by wearing the appliance. Moreover, the duration of a higher level of muscle activity was decreased while that of a lower level of muscle activity increased by wearing the appliance in both muscles. These findings suggest that nocturnal masticatory muscle activity is significantly reduced by wearing an interocclusal appliance, and that the use of such an appliance at night could help to relax masticatory muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01017.x
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