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  • 2000-2004  (10)
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Erscheinungszeitraum
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 4101-4104 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Photoreflectance (PR) of surface-intrinsic-n+ type doped GaAs has been measured for various power densities of pump laser. The spectra exhibited many Franz–Keldysh oscillations, whereby the strength of electric field F in the undoped layer can be determined. The thus obtained Fs are subject to photovoltaic effect and are less than built-in field Fbi. In the previous work we have obtained the relation F(approximate)Fbi−δF/2 when δF(very-much-less-than)Fbi by using electroreflectance to simulate PR, where δF is the modulating field of the pump beam. In this work a method was devised to evaluate δF by using photoinduced voltages Vs and, hence, the relation can be verified by PR itself. The δFs obtained by Vs are also consistent with those of using imaginary part of fast Fourier transform of PR spectra. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 7019-7021 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The domain structures of epitaxial Fe (20 nm)/GaAs(100) circular dot arrays (diameters from 50 to 1 μm) were studied with magnetic force microscopy. A transition from a single domain to a multidomain remanent state was observed upon reducing the dot diameter beneath 10 μm in dot arrays with the separation twice the dot diameter. When the separation is reduced to half the dot diameter, the single domain states were found to "collapse" into stripe-like multidomain states due to local dipole coupling between dots. Micromagnetic simulations further suggest that for ultrathin Fe dots of less than about 2 nm thickness the diameter does not have a significant influence on the domain structures due to a dramatic reduction of the dipole energy. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 4727-4729 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The domain configuration in permalloy wires (30 nm thick, 10 μm wide, and 205 μm long) with a wide size range of a narrow central bridge (5 μm long and w μm wide; 0.5≤w≤10 μm) were investigated in both their demagnetized and remanent states using magnetic force microscopy and the results were confirmed by micromagnetic calculations. At the bridge region, domain walls were found to be shifted by a small external field. Scanning magneto-optical Kerr effect revealed that the coercivity in these structures are the same as that in a straight wire, suggesting that domain wall movement is the dominant process in the magnetization reversal of these structures. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 3032-3036 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The magnetization reversal process in permalloy (Ni80Fe20) wire junction structures has been investigated using magnetoresistance (MR) measurements and scanning Kerr microscopy. A combination of electron beam lithography and a lift-off process has been utilized to fabricate wires consisting of two 200 μm length regions with distinct widths w1 and w2 in the range 1–5 μm. Longitudinal MR measurements and magneto-optic Kerr effect hysteresis loops demonstrate that the magnetization reversal of the complete structure is predominantly determined by the wider region for fields applied parallel to the wire axis. Magnetic force microscopy and micromagnetic calculations show that several domain walls nucleate in the wider part and are trapped in the junction area. This implies that domain nucleation at the junction of the wire initiates magnetization reversal in the narrow half. As a consequence, the switching fields are found to be identical in both halves in this case. These results suggest the possibility of designing structures which can be used to "launch" reverse domains in narrow wires within a controlled field range. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 6600-6602 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We report the dynamic hysteresis behavior of epitaxial single ferromagnetic fcc NiFe(001), fcc Co(001) layers, and fcc NiFe/Cu/Co(001) spin-valve structures investigated as a function of field sweep rate in the range of 0.01–270 kOe/s using the magneto-optic Kerr effect. The hysteresis loop area A is found to follow the scaling relation A∝H(overdot)α with α∼0.13 and ∼0.02 at low sweep rates and ∼0.70 and ∼0.30 at high sweep rates for 60 Å NiFe and 40 Å Co single magnetic layer structures, respectively. For the single and double spin valves, the "double-switching" behavior which occurs at low sweep rates transforms to "single switching" at ∼154 and ∼192 kOe/s, respectively. Our results provide direct experimental evidence that the magnetic anisotropy strength affects dynamic hysteresis scaling in ultrathin magnetic films. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 6925-6927 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Enhancement of giant magnetoresistance properties of single (bottom) and dual IrMn-based spin valves through exposure of part of the CoFe pinned layer to O2 is reported. Under optimal conditions, a ΔR/R of 10.4% [Hua=460 Oe, Hf=5.1 Oe, and Hc=4.7 Oe for a free and pinned layer thickness (permalloy equivalent) of 50 Å each] for an ion beam sputtered single spin valve, and a ΔR/R of as high as 20.5% for a magnetron sputtered dual spin valve having a 30 Å thick CoFe free layer are observed, compared to a value of 6.5% and 10.6% for the corresponding spin valve without O2 exposure, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy results reveal the presence of a thin (10 Å) crystalline oxygen-containing layer near the IrMn–CoFe pinned layer interface as a result of O2 exposure. X-ray reflectivity data show smoother interfaces for the spin valves subjected to O2 exposure, consistent with the lower Hf and smaller sheet resistance observed for these samples. The enhanced ΔR/R thus can be attributed to improved growth after O2 exposure. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5926-5928 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We present the magnetization reversal dynamics of epitaxial Fe thin films grown on GaAs(001) and InAs(001) studied as a function of field sweep rate in the range 0.01–160 kOe/s using magneto-optic Kerr effect. For 55 and 250 Å Fe/GaAs(001), we find that the hysteresis loop area A follows the scaling relation A∝H(overdot)α with α=0.03–0.05 at low sweep rates and 0.33–0.40 at high sweep rates. For the 150 Å Fe/InAs(001) film, α is found to be ∼0.02 at low sweep rates and ∼0.17 at high sweep rates. The differing values of α are attributed to a change of the magnetization reversal process with increasing sweep rate. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 6992-6994 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Significantly enhanced anisotropic magnetoresistance (MR) in permalloy (Ni0.81Fe0.19) films deposited on a thin (Ni0.81Fe0.19)1−xCrx or Ni1−xCrx underlayer is reported. The maximum ΔR/R enhancement was observed using the underlayer with x(approximate)0.44 at an optimum thickness of (approximate)30–45 Å, depending on the deposition technique. An enhancement of 75%–150% was observed for 45–430 Å thick permalloy films, compared to the films deposited without this underlayer. The ΔR/R enhancement is attributed to the decrease in the resistivity ρ and the increase in Δρ of the permalloy film due to the formation of large (111) textured crystal grains in the permalloy films deposited on this underlayer, as revealed by the x-ray diffraction results obtained using synchrotron radiation. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) is necessary for conversion of l-DOPA to dopamine. Therefore, AADC gene therapy has been proposed to enhance pharmacological or gene therapies delivering l-DOPA. However, addition of AADC to the grafts of genetically modified cells expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1), which produce l-DOPA in parkinsonian rats, resulted in decreased production of l-DOPA and dopamine owing to feedback inhibition of TH by dopamine. End-product feedback inhibition has been shown to be mediated by the regulatory domain of TH, and site-specific mutation of serine 40 makes TH less susceptible to dopamine inhibition. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of using TH with serine 40 mutated to leucine (mTH) in an ex vivo gene-therapy paradigm. Primary fibroblasts (PF) from Fischer 344 rats were transduced with retrovirus to express mTH or wild-type rat TH cDNA (wtTH). Both cell types were also transduced with GCH1 to provide the obligate TH cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin. PF transfected with AADC were used as coculture and cografting partners. TH activities and l-DOPA production in culture were comparable between PFwtTHGC and PFmTHGC cells. In cocultures with PFAADC cells, PFmTHGC cells showed significant reduction in the inhibitory effect of dopamine compared with PFwtTHGC cells. In vivo microdialysis measurement showed that cografting PFAADC cells with PFmTHGC cells resulted in smaller decreases in l-DOPA and no reduction in dopamine levels compared with cografts of PFAADC cells with PFwtTHGC cells, which decreased both l-DOPA and dopamine levels. Maintenance of dopamine levels with lower levels of l-DOPA would result in more focused local delivery of dopamine and less potential side-effects arising from l-DOPA diffusion into other structures. These data support the hypothesis that mutation of serine 40 attenuates TH end-product inhibition in vivo and illustrates the importance of careful consideration of biochemical pathways and interactions between multiple genes in gene therapy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cytopathology 15 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2303
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The aim of the study was to improve the pre-operative diagnosis of mammary mucinous lesions. All mucinous lesions detected by fine needle aspiration (FNA) and confirmed by histological examination were reviewed by cytological findings, mammographic appearances and sonographic findings. Twenty aspirates had corresponding pathology, including 12 mucinous carcinomas, two mucocele-like lesions (MLL) with atypical ductal hyperplasia, three MLL with ductal hyperplasia and three simple MLL. Simple MLL and mucocele-like with ductal hyperplasia showed scant cellularity, no or rare intact single tumour cells, monolayered arrangement and absence of nuclear atypia. In contrast, most mucinous carcinomas showed higher cellularity, more single tumour cells, three-dimensional clusters, and mild to marked nuclear atypia. However, MLL with atypical ductal hyperplasia showed cytological features overlapping with mucinous carcinoma. MLL had a non-specific mammographic appearance and showed a cystic lesion on sonography. Mucinous carcinoma appeared as a solid mass on sonography and as a distinct nodule on mammography. Based on the combination of FNA cytology and image findings, benign MLL can be correctly distinguished from mucinous carcinoma before surgery.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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