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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The bonding of simple carboxylic acids on Cu(110) (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 8146-8155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present a study of the bonding of formate (HCOO) and acetate (CH3COO) chemisorbed on Cu(110) using core level spectroscopies in combination with theoretical calculations. For the first time, we apply x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) to these systems. When XES is used in conjunction with x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and ab initio calculations, new information about the electronic interaction in the adsorbate–substrate system is provided. In particular, we have used the azimuthal orientation of the COO–surface bond on the (110) surface, to make a complete partition into x, y, and z orbital contributions. The surface bond is found to be predominantly ionic. For the case of adsorbed formate, the covalent bonding is dominated by 6a1/7a1, (σ)-type, frontier orbitals, interacting with the Cu valence band. The resulting hybrid orbitals form a distribution of states that cross the Fermi level. The contribution from adsorbate π-type orbitals is small. The chemical bond formation of adsorbed acetate is very similar to that of formate. In addition, states with metal character have been identified for the outermost CH3-group of acetate. These are delocalized states of mainly local σ-character. The spectral features due to states of local π-character in the adsorbed acetate are well described within the framework of hyperconjugation. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481415
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A pharmacoscintigraphic evaluation of oral budesonide given as controlled-release (Entocort) capsules (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims : To investigate the gastrointestinal pharmacokinetics of controlled-release (Entocort) and standard budesonide capsules.Methods : Six Crohn's disease patients and eight healthy controls were given controlled-release capsules containing budesonide and an inert 111In label, following breakfast. In the patients, a standard capsule containing deuterium-labelled budesonide was given simultaneously. In the controls, on a separate occasion, the controlled-release capsules were given in the fasting state. Gastrointestinal transit was recorded by a gamma camera. Plasma budesonide and deuterium-labelled budesonide were used to estimate drug release, and urine cortisol was used to assess systemic effects.Results : Budesonide delivery to the ileo-colonic region was significantly greater after the intake of the controlled-release capsules [69%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 54–84] than after the standard capsules (30%; 95% CI, 15–45) (P = 0.005). Fasting had little impact on uptake. The transit and pharmacokinetics of budesonide were similar in both subject groups, although systemic availability was higher in patients (21%; 95% CI, 13–33) than in controls (12%; 95% CI, 10–14) (P = 0.009). Urinary cortisol was, however, similar in both groups.Conclusions : A major fraction of budesonide is released in the ileum and throughout the colon, the intended target for the controlled-release formulation. The prandial state has little effect on budesonide uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01426.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microorganisms and volatile organic compounds in airborne dust from damp residences (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Indoor air 14 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1600-0668.2003.00178.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Powdering floor polish and mucous membrane irritation in secondary school pupils (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 498-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Acrylates ; Dust ; Sick-building syndrome ; Epidemiology ; Follow up
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: Acrylate-styrene copolymer polish has been used to protect the surface of linoleum flooring since the 1960s. Problems with powdering of floor polish were observed at an early stage. In a secondary school in Linköping, Sweden, this phenomenon occurred in the winter of 1994–1995 and the pupils frequently reported irritative symptoms from the eyes and airways. This study was undertaken to assess the potential effect of powdering floor polish on the mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory tract. Methods: Repeated questionnaire-based surveys were conducted with identical questions in the spring of 1995 (during the powdering period) and in the autumn of 1995 (after the polish was removed). The questions dealt with irritative symptoms from the nose, eye, throat and lower respiratory tract. Results: A preventive effect related to the removal of polish was found for irritative symptoms in all locations mentioned above, but was particularly clear for the lower respiratory tract (prevalence rate ratio=0.37, 95% CI=0.23–0.59). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the powdering of floor polish may cause irritative symptoms from the eyes and airways in school children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200000176
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute renal responses to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in the neonatal pig (2000)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 14 (2000), S. 1071-1076 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Mean arterial pressure ; Neonatal angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition ; Oxygen tension ; Renal blood flow ; Renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Pharmacological interruption or genetic disruption of the renin-angiotensin system before completion of nephrogenesis produces papillary atrophy and an impaired urinary concentrating ability. The mechanisms involved are yet to be elucidated, but renal hypoperfusion and subsequent ischemia, particularly to the immature renal medulla, may be hypothesized. The acute intrarenal responses to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition in the newborn piglet were thus investigated by means of regional blood flow distribution, renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure (RIHP), and medullary oxygen tension (PO2) in the anesthetised 4- to 5-day-old piglet. Moreover, the calcium antagonist nifedipine and the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor L-NAME were also given in order to reduce renal blood flow by other means. The drugs were given intravenously in equipotent pressor doses, mimicking intraperitoneal injections in neonatal rats. Enalaprilat (200 µg/kg) reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP) by 14±10% (mean±SD, P=0.006) and RIHP by 18±18% (P=0.001), whereas total renal blood flow and medullary PO2 remained unchanged. In contrast, nifedipine (0.5 mg/kg) reduced MAP and RIHP by 39±8% and 38±14%, respectively, total and regional blood flows by 30%–60%, and medullary PO2 by 46±29% (P=0.001). Acute administration of L-NAME (15 mg/kg) increased MAP by 27±10% (P=0.0005), whereas RIHP and renal blood flow decreased by 20%–50%, resulting in a reduction of the medullary PO2 by 10±12% (P=0.05). We conclude that the renal abnormalities observed after neonatal ACE inhibition are not likely to be caused by renal ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670000387
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