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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-03-23
    Description: Die Arbeitstagung \glqq Scientific Computing in der Medizin\grqq , kurz SCMED \grq 97, findet vom 22. - 23. September 1997 im neu errichteten Gebäude des Konrad-Zuse-Zentrums auf dem Dahlemer naturwissenschaftlichen Campus der Freien Universtät Berlin statt.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/postscript
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new method for the direct transformation not only of a target point, but also of the whole tumour outlines from sagittal, coronal, and oblique computer calculated CT-reconstructions to stereotactic X-ray films of any scale is presented. The role of this method in the stereotactic therapy of intracranial tumours and the possibilities which are thus provided are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Tissue ablation ; laser/tissue interaction ; shortpulsed lasers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The basis for most laser applications in neurosurgery is the conversion of laser light into heat when the incident laser beam is absorbed by the tissue. Irradiation of neural tissue with laser light therefore leads to its thermal damage. However, due to the diffusion of heat energy into the surrounding tissue, often there is thermal damage to neural tissue outside the area of the target volume. These are the characteristics of thermal laser/tissue interaction. In this paper we discuss how we used three different short-pulsed lasers to achieve non-thermal ablation of neural tissue. Three different short-pulsed lasers were used to generate ultrashort laser pulses in the picosecond to femtosecond range. The interaction of such laser pulses with tissue was predicted to be nonthermal. The short-pulsed lasers were used for the ablation of neural tissue using an in vitro calf brain model. The histopathological examination of the lesions revealed that the neural tissue had been removed very precisely without any sign of thermal damage to the surrounding tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary For stereotactic biopsy, intracavitary and interstitial irradiation of intracranial tumours, stereotactic CT investigations are of utmost importance. Targetpoints within a tumour as well as the tumour-outlines have to be transferred precisely from transverse and longitudinal CT sections to stereotactic X-ray images. For this purpose, the stereotactic apparatus of Riechert and Mundinger has been equipped with a fixation system of carbon fibre and a measuring phantoma of plexiglass with embedded steel wires allowing stereotactic CT scanning without artefacts. The stereotactic coordinates (x, y, z) of any target point can be taken directly from transverse CT images with high accuracy. The tumour outlines can be transferred to the stereotactic coordinate system from longitudinal CT reconstructions using special computer programmes. Precise transfer is possible if the CT investigation is performed stereotactically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 805 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A survey of novel microscopic approaches for structural and functional analysis of subnucleolar compartments will be presented. Research on nucleolar structure and function concentrates predominantly on two distinct types of nucleoli: (1) nucleoli present during the interphase of the cell cycle in somatic tissue culture cells and (2) nucleoli present in meiotic cells, e.g. oocytes of amphibians. These nucleoli are found during meiotic prophase of oogenesis and are functional during several months of the diplotene stage of oogenesis. A further characteristic is the fact that these nucleoli are extra-chromosomal, since they originate by selective ribosomal DNA (rDNA) amplification during the early pachytene stage of oogenesis. Miller-type chromatin spread preparations using transcriptionally active nucleoli, to a major part, contributed to our understanding of the structural organization of polymerase I directed pre-rRNA transcription. Although the structural organization of the template-associated pre-rRNA transcript is known in some detail from chromatin spreads, relatively little is known about structural aspects of pre-rRNA processing. In order to investigate this intriguing question in more detail, we have developed a computer-based densitometry analysis of both template-associated and template-dissociated pre-rRNA transcripts in order to follow the structural modification of pre-rRNA transcripts during processing. Another line of experiments is devoted to the in situ structure of actively transcribing genes in the nucleolus. In order to bridge the gap between light microscopy and electron microscopy we started video-enhanced light microscopical analysis of actively transcribing genes. Although the dimensions of individual spread genes are critical for detection by optical microscopy, we succeeded in obtaining the first series of images of transcribing genes in their ’native’ hydrated state. An additional promising type of microscopy is transmission X-ray microscopy. Recent progress in instrumentation as well as in sample preparation has allowed us to obtain the first images of density distribution within intact, fully hydrated nucleoli using amplitude-contrast and/or phase-contrast X-ray microscopy of non-contrasted, fully hydrated nucleoli at different states of transcriptional activity. Whereas the above mentioned investigations using video microscopy and X-ray microscopy are predominantly applicable to the analysis of amplified nucleoli in amphibian oocytes, which are characterized by an extremely high transcription rate of 80–90% of rDNA genes per individual nucleolus, structural analysis of the in situ arrangement of actively transcribing genes in somatic nucleoli as present in the interphase nucleus is far more difficult to perform, mainly due to the much lower number of simultaneously transcribed active genes per individual nucleolus. Visualization of actively transcribed gene clusters is approached by an integrated experimental assay using video microscopy, confocal laser scan microscopy, and antibodies against specific nucleolar proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 324 (1983), S. 160-162 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Target size analysis ; Multiple opiate receptors ; Molecular weight determination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The functional size of different types of opiate receptors was determined in situ by the radiation inactivation technique. The Mr of opiate binding sites was estimated to be about 90,000 daltons; the data revealed no significant differences between the molecular sizes of either μ-, δ- or ϰ-sites in rat brain membranes. An identical molecular size was found also for the δ-sites in the neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cell clone, NG 108-15.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 36 (1996), S. 737-743 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Therapieplanung ; Chemotherapie ; Finite-Elemente-Methode ; Key words Treatment planning ; Chemotherapy ; Finite elements method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A treatment planning system for stereotactical neurosurgery has been developed. A modular system has been designed which is readily extendable. Different modalities of tomography (CT, MRI) can be correlated and presented simultaneously in transverse, frontal and sagittal reconstructions. The volumes of interest are segmented with respect to the different modalities, and the positions of the catheters are defined. The calculation of dose must be adapted to the physical requirements of the therapy and is designed as an independent process. The calculated data are shown in various presentations. The treatment planning system is applied to intratumoral chemotherapy. The drug is encapsulated in small carriers for prolonged release and injected via catheters directly into the tumor interstitium, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. The dose is calculated using the time-dependent, three-dimensional finite elements method. To achieve homogeneous temporal and spatial drug distribution it is necessary to use a great number of catheters due to the limited diffusion of drug, which is not practical in neurosurgery. Therefore this therapy concept is useful for small volumes only. Interstitial hyperthermia and brachytherapy, in contrast to intratumoral chemotherapy, show successful clinical results.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit wird ein Therapieplanungssystem für stereotaktische Anwendungen in der Neurochirurgie vorgestellt. Das Planungssystem ist als ein modulares, leicht erweiterbares Programmpaket realisiert, mit dem man Tomographieaufnahmen verschiedener Modalitäten (CT, MRT) korreliert und darstellt, Tumor und Risikoorgane segmentiert und Katheterpositionen definiert. Für unterschiedliche Therapieformen wie interstitielle Hyperthermie, intratumorale Chemotherapie oder Brachytherapie sind die Dosisberechnungen als ein eigenständiges Programm konzipiert worden. Die berechneten Ergebnisse werden in verschiedenen Darstellungen präsentiert. Eine Anwendung für das Therapieplanungssystem ist die intratumorale Chemotherapie. Bei dieser Therapie ist der Wirkstoff in Carrier verkapselt und wird über Katheter direkt in das Tumorgewebe appliziert. Die Dosisberechnung erfolgt mit der zeitabhängigen, dreidimensionalen Finite-Elemente-Methode. Die zeitliche und räumliche Darstellung der Wirkstoffverteilung zeigt, daß die intratumorale Chemotherapie aufgrund der großen Zahl an Kathetern nicht bei größeren Tumoren anwendbar ist. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigt die interstitielle Hyperthermie und die Brachytherapie auch bei größeren Tumoren gute klinische Ergebnisse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter 3D-Bestrahlungsplanung ; Minimal-invasive Verfahren ; Konformierende Bestrahlung ; Bildkorrelation ; Stereotaxie ; Radiochirurgie ; Key words 3-D planning of radiation treatment ; Minimally invasive procedures ; Conformal radiation ; Image correlation ; Stereotaxy ; Radiosurgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Modern imaging techniques are a substantial part of treatment planning for minimally invasive radiotherapeutic procedures. The aim is three-dimensional assessment of the target volume and adjacent critical structures. In this paper, we report on our clinical experience with a precise system for stereotactic image correlation. Hereby, the advantages of each imaging modality can be combined. Precise immobilization of the patient is a prerequisite. The immobilization method has an accuracy of less than 1 mm. This method was evaluated in a clinical study in which a tumor control rate of 93 % was achieved in patients with brain metastases after stereotactic single high dose radiotherapy. This indicated the excellent reliability of this treatment planning method. The integration of functional image information, such as blood flow or activation of cerebral cortical areas, will be evaluated in the future.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die modernen bildgebenden Verfahren spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Planung minimal-invasiver Bestrahlungsverfahren. Ziel ist die präzise dreidimensionale (3D-) Erfassung des Zielvolumens und der umgebenden kritischen Strukturen. In diesem Beitrag werden Verfahren zur präzisen stereotaktischen Bildkorrelation für die Bestrahlungsplanung beschrieben. Durch diese Technik können die Vorzüge der einzelnen bildgebenden Verfahren kombiniert werden. Die reproduzierbare Lagerung ist hierfür eine Grundvoraussetzung. Das beschriebene Immobilisationsverfahren hat eine Genauigkeit von weniger als 1 mm. Der klinische Einsatz bei der stereotaktischen Einzeithochdosisbestrahlung, der sog. Radiochirurgie, bei Patienten mit Hirnmetastasen zeigte eine Tumorkontrollrate von 93 % und belegt damit die Zuverlässigkeit der Methode. Es muß in Zukunft evaluiert werden, wie auch funktionelle Meßgrößen in die Bestrahlungsplanung einbezogen werden können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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