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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser diagnostic in molecular beams (1975)
    Springer
    Applied physics 8 (1975), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: Nozzle beams ; Laser Diagnostic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The output from a stabilized, tunable single-mode laser is split into two beams which cross the molecular beam perpendicularly and at an angle of β to the beam axis. Tuning the laser frequency across the unshifted and Doppler-shifted absorption profile of the molecular transition yileds the velocity distribution of the molecules in the beam for individual quantum states. The internal state distribution among vibrational and rotational levels in the beam can be determined by comparing the fluorescence simultaneously induced in the beam and in a cell with molecules in thermal equilibrium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00883672
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disposition of β-methyldigoxin in man (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1975), S. 105-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Methyldigoxin ; excretion ; deep compartment ; O-demethylation ; glycosides ; metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The time course of radioactivity in plasma and the excretion in urine and faeces over 7 days were determined in 12 healthy subjects after single oral and intravenous doses of a solution of3H-β-methyldigoxin. 62.2±2.1 and 29.0±5.2 per cent of the dose were excreted in urine and faeces, respectively, within 7 days of intravenous administration, compared with 55.2±2.8 and 28.6±5.7 per cent after oral administration. This indicates almost complete absorption of the glycoside when given in solution. 12 hours after its administration a pseudo-distribution equilibrium was reached and the average half life of tritiated compounds was 1.3 days. By 48 – 96 hours after treatment the average half life was 2.8 days. O-demethylation was revealed as the main metabolic degradation step in man. The rate of Demethylation was higher after oral than i.v. administration. Thus, only 31% of the radioactivity excreted in the urine consisted of unchanged β-methyldigoxin after oral administration compared to 51% after i.v. dosing. Only traces of bis- and monoglycosides were excreted in urine, but there were considerable amounts in faeces, where they accounted for more than 35% of the total excretion. Up to 40% of the radioactivity in plasma and urine consisted of polar conjugates during the first 12 hours after administration of β-methyldigoxin. The mono- and bisglycosides were identified as the main products of conjugation. During the 7 days approximately 15% of the administered dose was metabolized by splitting off glycosidic bonds and conjugation to polar compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614005
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acrodermatitis enteropathica: Recent findings concerning clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 121 (1976), S. 247-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Acrodermatitis enteropathica ; Small bowel ; Oxyquinoline ; Metabolism of fatty acids ; Paneth cells ; Zinc deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 2 Geschwistern, einem Jungen und einem Mädchen, wurde die Diagnose der Acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE) im Alter von 10 bzw. 6 Wochen gestellt. Bis auf eine Blutsverwandtschaft, die 5 Generationen zurückliegt, ist die Familienanamnese anauffällig. Beide Kinder boten bei Diagnosestellung die für AE typischen Hautveränderungen. Symptome von seiten des Magen-Darm-Kanals waren weniger ausgeprägt und traten mit zunehmendem Alter in den Hintergrund. Bei dem jüngeren Patienten konnten während eines Rezidivs eine Erniedrigung des Serumspiegels der Ölsäure (18:1) sowie eine leichte Vermehrung der Linolsäure (18:2) festgestellt werden, während die Arachidonsäure (20:4) vermindert war. Bei beiden Patienten waren die Serumzinkspiegel mit und ohne Oxychinolinbehandlung deutlich erniedrigt. Eine Substitutionstherapie mit Zinkaspertat brachte weder eine klinische Besserung noch einen wesentlichen Anstieg des Serumzinkspiegels. Durch Gabe von Zinksulfat konnten eine völlige Remission der Hautveränderungen sowie eine weitgehende Normalisierung der Serumzinkspiegel erreicht werden. Untersuchungen der Dünndarmschleimhaut zeigten lichtmikroskopisch keine Besonderheiten. Elektronenmikroskopisch fanden sich in den Enterocyte sogenannte multi-vesicular bodies. Die Paneth-Zellen zeigten teilweise unregelmäßig geformte, inhomogene Strukturen im Cytoplasma. Die pleomorphen Sekretgraula wanen plump und groß und wiesen eine ausgeprägte Heteromorphie ihrer Matrix auf. Da bei Ratten unter zinkarmer Ernährung ähliche ultrastrukturelle Veränderungen bekannt sind, muß durch weitere Untersuchungen geklärt werden, ob die Veränderungen in den Paneth-Zellen typisch für die AE sind. Die adäquate Therapie der AE besteht zur Zeit in der Substitution von Zink. Dadurch wurde die mit toxischen Augenschädigungen belastete Therapie mit Oxychinolinen überflüssig.
    Notes: Abstract Acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE) was diagnosed in 2 siblings, boy and girl, at the age of 10 and 6 weeks. The family history is unremarkable except for consanguinity 5 generations previously. The clinical symptoms of the 2 patients conformed to the known features of AE, the gastrointestinal involvement loosing its significance with increasing age. In one patient in a stage of exacerbation the serum level of oleic acid (18:1) was lowered and of linoleic (18:2) acid slightly increased while that of arachidonic acid was decreased (Fig. 4). In both patients the serum zinc levels were significantly lowered. Under substitution with ZnSO4 the clinical condition improved and the serum zinc levels returned to normal. Histologically the small bowel mucosa was practically normal. Ultrastructural examination of jejunal biopsies revealed rather unspecific changes in the enterocytes in the form of numerous multivesicular bodies. The Paneth cells sometimes contained irregularly formed inhomogeneous structures within their cytoplasm. In addition the secretory granules varied in size and displayed a granular heteromorphic matrix. Frequently they were confluent and formed giant granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443018
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acrodermatitis enteropathica (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 125 (1977), S. 153-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Acrodermatitis enteropathica therapy ; Small bowel ; Zinc malabsorption ; Zinc deficiency ; Paneth cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Als Ursache der klinischen Erscheinungen bei der Akrodermatitis enteropathica (A.E.) muß ein Zinkmangel als Folge einer Zinkmalabsorption angesehen werden. Durch orale Substitution mit Zink lassen sich die Krankheitserscheinungen beseitigen. Es wird über 2 Geschwister mit A.E. berichtet, die lange Zeit mit Oxychinolinpräparaten mit wechselndem Erfolg vorbehandelt waren. Durch orale Substitution mit Zinksulfat in der Dosis von 110–220 mg täglich wurde eine vollständige und anhaltende Remission erzielt. Gleichzeitig normalisierten sich die vorher stark erniedrigten Serumzinkspiegel. Keine so strenge Korrelation bestand zwischen dem Zinkgehalt der Haare und der Art Der Zinksubstitution. — Wie wir in unserer 1. Mitteilung zeigten, lassen die Paneth-Zellen der Dünndarmmukosa bei A.E. ultrastrukturelle Veränderungen in Form von inhomogenen Strukturen des Zytoplasmas, der Bildung von Riesengranula und Einschlüssen erkennen. Unter der Zinksubstitution kommt es zu einer vollkommenen Normalisierung des ultrastrukturellen Bildes der Paneth-Zellen. Die Veränderungen an den Paneth-Zellen können daher nur die Folge, jedoch nicht die Ursache des Zinkmangels bzw. der Zinkmalabsorption sein.
    Notes: Abstract The basic defect in acrodermatitis enteropathica (A.E.) is zinc deficiency caused by zinc malabsorption. The clinical symptoms disappear and serum zinc levels normalize after oral treatment with zinc. A report is given on two siblings suffering from A.E., both treated with oxyquinolines for a long period with changing clinical success. A permanent clinical remission could be achieved by treatment with zinc-sulphate at doses of 110–220 mg daily. The serum zinc levels normalized. The correlation between the zinc concentration of the hair and the kind of therapy was not very close. As we have shown in our first communication, the Paneth cells of the intestinal mucosa display ultrastructural changes in form of an unhomogeneous structure of the cytoplasm, formation of giant granules, and inclusion bodies. The zinc-therapy led to a complete normalization of the pathological changes in the Paneth cells. Thus, the changes in the Paneth cells in A.E. are the result and not the cause of zinc deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00489988
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in the response of serum lipoproteins to fenofibrate between women and men with primary hypercholesterolaemia (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 50 (1996), S. 365-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Hyperlipoproteinaemia ; Fenofibrate; fenofibric acid ; sex differences ; long-term treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: We studied possible sex differences of the effect of fenofibrate on serum lipoproteins. Twenty-three patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia (10 postmenopausal women and 13 aged-matched men) were treated with slow-release fenofibrate for 96 weeks. Results: Steady state lipoprotein concentrations were reached after 12 and 24 weeks of treatment in women and men, respectively. During the subsequent follow-up the lipoprotein concentrations remained constant. In women total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol decreased from 299 to 234 mg⋅dl−1 and from 210 to 151 mg⋅dl−1, respectively, and in men from 265 to 233 mg⋅dl−1 and from 192 to 160 mg⋅dl−1. The decrease in triglycerides was also more pronounced in women (−42%) than in men (−18%). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased significantly in women from 53 to 63 mg⋅dl−1 but not in men (45 to 50 mg⋅dl−1). Since the changes in LDL and HDL cholesterol occurred in opposite directions, the decrease in LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio was accentuated in both groups. However, this ratio was decreased almost twofold in women (−41%) compared to men (−23%). Although the serum concentrations of fenofibric acid were 1.3-fold higher in women than in men, which was probably due to the higher body weight in men (1.2-fold), this difference can hardly explain the favorable effect on lipoproteins in women. Conclusion: The present study indicates that fenofibrate might be very effective by reducing the concentrations of atherogenic lipoproteins in postmenopausal women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050124
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coherent population transfer and dark resonances in SO2 (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 7068-7072 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Highly efficient population transfer between the (0,0,0) and the (9,1,0) vibrational levels of the electronic ground state X˜ 1A1 of SO2 is demonstrated. The process relies on stimulated Raman scattering with adiabatic passage induced by two suitably delayed ultraviolet laser pulses with nearly transform-limited bandwidth. A transfer efficiency of 100% is achieved. The associated dark resonance is observed. Properties of the latter are compared for delayed and fully overlapping pulses. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471424
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predictability of early atopy by cord blood-IgE and parental history (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Atopic family history and cord blood IgE have been used as predictors of atopic disease in newborns for about 20 years, but at least for cord blood IgE the sensitivity has been shown to be very low. The objective of this paper was to evaluate whether parental history and cord blood-IgE were more accurate predictors for the appropriate atopic phenotypes in the infants rather than for any atopy.Methods A total of 1314 newborn infants was recruited in six German obstetric departments in 1990 and followed-up for 2 years. Four hundred and ninty-ninc (38%) were at high risk for atopy with at least two first degree atopic family members and/or elevated cord-blood IgE concentrations.Results The cumulative incidence of atopic dermatitis over the first 2 years of life (AD24) amounted to 20. 1%, and there was a significant association with AD history of the mother (OR 2.5, 95%-Cl 1.46–4.26) and of the father (OR 3.53, 95%cC1 1.90–6.54). The cumulative incidence of recurrent wheezing in the first 2 years of life (RW24) amounted to 16.1%, and was positively associated with asthma history (OR 2.11, 95%CI 1.33–3.60) and sensitization history (OR 1.64, 95%C1 1.34–2.36) of the mother, but with neither for the father. RW24 was less prevalent in girls than in boys (OR 0.64. 95%Cl 0.47–0.89). Thirty-one per cent of infants were sensitized (CAP test value 〉 0.35 kU/L) against at least one of nine food or inhalative allergens (S24) and this was signilicantly associatcd with cord blood-IgE value (OR 2.43, 95%C1 1.69–3.49). and sensitization history of the mother (OR 1.64, 95%CI 1.18–2.41). Using multiple logistic regression analysis, the prediction of AD24 by AD of parents, of RW24 by asthma of parents, and of sensitization by cord blood IgE was of low accuracy.Conclusion The predictive capacity of parental history and cord blood IgE is not high enough to recommend them as screening instruments for primary prevention. The majority of atopic manifestations and of sensitization occur in infants with no demonstrable risk at birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1997.310899.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrode phenomena and current distribution in a radial multichannel pseudospark switch (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 4180-4184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The microscopic structure and the spatial distribution of the cathode spots in a radial multichannel pseudospark switch have been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy. Current pulses of about 15 μs duration and peak amplitudes up to 340 kA have been applied. When using stainless steel and copper as electrode material cathode spots of type I and type II are observed. These cathode spots appear in groups (macrospots) with a diameter of several 100 μm. Assuming that the lifetime of the macrospots corresponds to the half period time of the current pulse the distribution of the cathode spots within the macrospots can be explained by a retrograde motion of the spots with a velocity of several 100 m/s in the self-magnetic field of the discharge current. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of the cathode spots within the macrospots can be interpreted by assuming a splitting and a repulsion of the cathode spots. The electrode phenomena show that the discharge current is distributed over a large area which is prerequisite for low erosion and long lifetime operation of the switch. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368633
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Narrowband laser produced extreme ultraviolet sources adapted to silicon/molybdenum multilayer optics (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 4566-4571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The extreme ultraviolet radiation emitted from a plasma generated by a pulsed Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet laser is investigated around 13 nm wavelength for several low Z elements (lithium, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine). A narrowband EUV source can be designed by using the narrowband line emission of low Z elements in combination with the broadband reflection characteristic of silicon/molybdenum (Si/Mo) multilayer mirrors. Experimental results are discussed within a theoretical model, which allows a deduction of an optimization criterion for a maximum conversion efficiency. The Lyman-α line of hydrogenlike lithium ions fulfills the demands for high intense, free-standing narrowband emission at the long wavelength side of the silicon absorption L edge. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367238
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Triggering a radial multichannel pseudospark switch using electrons emitted from material with high dielectric constant (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 1936-1938 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electron emission from a field emission trigger unit was matched to the requirements for the simultaneous ignition of all channels in a radial multichannel pseudospark switch for a large parameter range of the pseudospark discharge. In such trigger unit the electrons are extracted from the surface of a high-ε material by field emission after applying a pulsed voltage. Electron emission occurs in a pressure range from 1–50 Pa, where the pseudospark discharge is operated. The access to low working gas pressures (〈10 Pa) using such trigger unit allows for achieving high hold-off voltages. The ignition of the pseudospark discharge was investigated by means of high speed photography and by a parallel observation of the electron beam of a single discharge channel, which occurs in hollow-cathode phase. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119986
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