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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Case of Plagiarism (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 52 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1999.tb00219.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is There a European Economics? (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 48 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1995.tb02427.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complex relation between triazine-susceptible phenotype and genotype in the weed Senecio vulgaris may be caused by chloroplast DNA polymorphism (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 578-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words CpDNA polymorphism ; Heteroplasmy ; psbA gene ; Triazine resistance ; Senecio vulgaris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The weed Senecio vulgaris acquired high levels of resistance to triazine herbicides soon after the latter’s introduction. As in most weeds, triazine resistance is conferred by a point mutation in the chloroplast psbA gene that negatively affects the fitness of its carrier. To assess levels of triazine resistance in S. vulgaris field populations, we adopted a PCR-RFLP-based molecular diagnostic test recently developed for the triazine resistance-conferring region of the psbA gene of other weeds, including Brassica napus, Chenopodium spp. and Amaranthus spp., and compared these molecular results to the phenotypic response after triazine application. A highly significant linear correlation was found between phytotoxic symptoms and biomass reduction. Variability in phenotypic response was not only found between populations or inbred lines of S. vulgaris but also within replicates of the same inbred line. No clear relationship, however, was found between the DNA restriction pattern and the phenotypic response to triazine application, thereby throwing doubt on the use of such molecular diagnostic tests to track triazine resistance in S. vulgaris. Our results indicate that the chloroplast genome of S. vulgaris is polymorphic and that the level of polymorphism may be variable within single leaves of individual plants. We discuss the possible genetic basis of this polymorphism and its consequence for the acquisition and inheritance of chloroplast-based traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051271
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical tomography of the aurora and EISCAT (1998)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 16 (1998), S. 1332-1342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Tomography ; Aurora ; EISCAT ; Ionosphere ; Conductivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Tomographic reconstruction of the three-dimensional auroral are emission is used to obtain vertical and horizontal distributions of the optical auroral emission. Under the given experimental conditions with a very limited angular range and a small number of observers, algebraic reconstruction methods generally yield better results than transform techniques. Different algebraic reconstruction methods are tested with an auroral are model and the best results are obtained with an iterative least-square method adapted from emission-computed tomography. The observation geometry used during a campaign in Norway in 1995 is tested with the are model and root-mean-square errors, to be expected under the given geometrical conditions, are calculated. Although optimum geometry was not used, root-mean-square errors of less than 2% for the images and of the order of 30% for the distribution could be obtained. The method is applied to images from real observations. The correspondence of original pictures and projections of the reconstructed volume is discussed, and emission profiles along magnetic field lines through the three-dimensionally reconstructed arc are calibrated into electron density profiles with additional EISCAT measurements. Including a background profile and the temporal changes of the electron density due to recombination, good agreement can be obtained between measured profiles and the time-sequence of calculated profiles. These profiles are used to estimate the conductivity distribution in the vicinity of the EISCAT site. While the radar can only probe the ionosphere along the radar beam, the three-dimensional tomography enables conductivity estimates in a large area around the radar site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-1332-y
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic arginine aspartate supplementation in runners reduces total plasma amino acid level at rest and during a marathon run (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 38 (1999), S. 263-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Key words Ergogenics – amino acids – exercise – arginine aspartate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background: Athletes consume arginine and/or aspartate as potential nutritional ergogenics. Their metabolic effects are controversial and there is some evidence that ingestion of large doses of single amino acids can adversely affect the nitrogen balance or induce an amino acid imbalance. Nevertheless, the general metabolic influence of an arginine aspartate supplementation during a prolonged exercise bout has not yet been investigated. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the general metabolic impact of a chronic supplementation with arginine aspartate in endurance-trained athletes at rest and during a marathon run. Methods: Fourteen endurance-trained runners participated in this field study which was carried out according to a double-blind crossover design. 15 g of arginine aspartate or a carbohydrate-based placebo were supplemented daily for 14 days before a marathon run. Blood samples for analysis of metabolites and hormones were collected shortly before the run, after 31 km, at the end of the run, and after a recovery period of two hours. Additionally, the respiratory exchange ratio was determined during the run. Results: The plasma level of carbohydrate (glucose, lactate, pyruvate) and fat metabolites (fatty acids, glycerol, β-hydroxybutyrate), cortisol, insulin, ammonia, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase as well as the respiratory exchange ratio were unaffected by the supplementation. In contrast, the plasma level of somatotropic hormone, glucagon, urea, and arginine were significantly increased, and the level of most of the remaining plasma amino acids as well as their sun was significantly reduced. Conclusions: There was no obvious metabolic benefit derived from the chronic supplementation with arginine aspartate. And since furthermore the consequences of a reduction of the total plasma amino acid level are not known, the practice of using single amino acid supplements as potential ergogenics should be critically reevaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003940050076
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on physical performance and energy metabolism of endurance-trained athletes: a double-blind crossover field study (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 73 (1996), S. 434-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Carnitine ; Endurance exercise ; Ergogenic ; Marathon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A double-blind crossover field study was performed to investigate the effects of acute L-carnitine supplementation on metabolism and performance of endurance-trained athletes during and after a marathon run. Seven male subjects were given supplements of 2 g L-carnitine 2 h before the start of a marathon run and again after 20 km of the run. The plasma concentration of metabolites and hormones was analysed 1 h before, immediately after and 1 h after the run, as well as the next morning after the run. In addition, the respiratory exchange ratio (R) was determined before and at the end of the run, and a submaximal performance test was completed on a treadmill the morning after the run. The administration of L-carnitine was associated with a significant increase in the plasma concentration of all analysed carnitine fractions (i.e. free carnitine, short-chain acylcarnitine, long-chain acylcarnitine, total acid soluble carnitine, total carnitine) but caused no significant change in marathon running time, in R, in the plasma concentrations of carbohydrate metabolites (glucose, lactate, pyruvate), of fat metabolites (free fatty acids, glycerol, β-hydroxybutyrate), of hormones (insulin, glucagon, cortisol), and of enzyme activities (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase). Moreover, there was no difference in the result of the submaximal performance test the morning after the run. In conclusion, acute administration of L-carnitine did not affect the metabolism or improve the physical performance of the endurance-trained athletes during the run and did not alter their recovery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334420
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of light-emitting diodes based on GaN p-n junctions grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 2779-2783 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on the fabrication and physics of mesa-etched light-emitting diodes (LEDs) made from GaN p-n junctions grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Rapid thermal annealing was found to improve the electrical properties of these LEDs. Annealed LEDs turn on at 4 V, exhibit an on-series resistance of approximately 14 Ω, and have only 36 μA of leakage current for reverse bias levels as high as 10 V. Electroluminescence (EL) spectra obtained from devices driven to 15 mA are dominated by a peak at 400 nm, which is attributed to recombination between shallow donors and Mg luminescent centers on the p side of the junction. The full width at half maximum of this peak is only 30 nm, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the narrowest EL peak measured from a GaN p-n junction LED. In other devices, recombination was found to proceed through defect states in the middle of the band gap. The broad emission from these LEDs can be shifted from the orange to the violet spectral region by adjusting the drive current. In addition, these LEDs withstand dc current densities in excess of 700 A/cm2 at room temperature. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361109
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Femtosecond photoionization of (H2O)n and (D2O)n clusters (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 512-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cluster ion distributions of water in a molecular beam are investigated by femtosecond ionization at 780 nm and reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The electric field strength generated by the ultrashort laser pulses is sufficient to efficiently ionize most of the molecules that are present in the molecular beam. In this work ion signals of large water clusters containing up to 60 monomers are reported. Upon ionization rapid proton transfer is observed, leading to the formation of protonated water cluster ions. Unprotonated clusters (H2O)n+(n〉2) are not observed in the mass spectra. The configurational energy imparted to the protonated clusters induces unimolecular dissociation on the μs time scale. These metastable reactions are characterized by modeling the ion trajectories in the mass spectrometer. The numerical procedure in conjunction with the integrated parent and daughter intensities results in unimolecular dissociation rates as a function of cluster size. Additional information about proton transfer reactions is obtained by the investigation of deuterium substitutions. Even though these substitutions correspond to large relative changes in the mass of the atom as well as in the zero point energy, unprotonated (D2O)n+ clusters of significant abundance are not produced in supersonic expansions of deuterated water. An additional result of this work is the observation of doubly charged ions above a critical cluster size (n=37). © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.479330
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cooperation, Communication and Communitarianism: An Experimental Approach (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of political philosophy 4 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9760
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Philosophy , Political Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9760.1996.tb00055.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Lipoic Acid Containing Components of the 2-Oxoacid Dehydrogenase Complexes Mimic Trifluoroacetylated Proteins and Are Autoantigens Associated with Halothane Hepatitis (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Chemical research in toxicology 8 (1995), S. 736-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5010
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx00047a014
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