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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological investigation of hemifacial spasm: F-waves of the facial muscles (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 138 (1996), S. 24-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Hemifacial spasm ; F-wave ; lateral spread ; surface electrode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS), the spasm is due to cross-compression of the facial nerve by a blood vessel. There are currently two hypotheses for the mechanism of HFS: 1) the spasm is caused by ephaptic transmission and an increase in excitability at the site of compression; and 2) the spasm is caused by hyperexcitability in the facial nerve nucleus. In peripheral nerves, F-waves, which result from the backfiring of antidromically activated anterior horn cells, have been proposed as indices of proximal motoneuron conduction and anterior horn cell excitability. Enhancement of the F-waves indicates increased anterior horn cell excitability. We have therefore measured F-waves in the facial muscle of HFS patients in order to investigate the exitability of the facial nerve nucleus. The authors obtained facial nerve evoked responses from 20 HFS patients before microvascular decompression (MVD), 10 HFS patients after MVD and 10 healthy controls. The F-waves, obtained with surface electrodes from the mentalis muscle, were the second response after the M-wave. On the patient's spasm side, the F-wave duration, F/M amplitude ratio and frequency of F-wave appearance significantly increased compared with those of the normal side or healthy controls; minimum latency and chronodispersion did not significantly differ between these groups. In patients whose spasm disappeared completely following MVD, the abnormal muslce response (lateral spread), which is a characteristic sign of HFS, and the enhancement of the F-wave eventually also disappeared. Because of the correlation between HFS and F-waves, the authors' study supports the hypothesis that the cause of HFS is hyperexcitability of the facial motonucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411719
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental trial for the determination of the critical coagulation concentration using the sedimentation method (1995)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 273 (1995), S. 1065-1070 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Critical coagulation concentration ; iron (III) hydroxide sol ; silver iodide sol ; sedimentation ; Hamaker constant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A method for determining the critical coagulation concentration (C c) from the change in the transmittance of the sol with stand time after adding a coagulating agent is discussed. Potassium nitrate was used as the coagulating agent because the specific adsorption of electrolyte ions on the particle and the hydrolysis of electrolyte ions are negligible. Apparent critical coagulation concentrations,C c a, of iron (III) hydroxide and silver iodide sols were obtained from the transmittance vs. potassium nitrate concentration curves for various stand times. The values ofC c a decreased with increasing stand time. TheC c a value obtained for the shortest stand time was closer toC c obtained from the initial turbidity change of the sol by applying Rayleigh's law. The Hamaker constant for the particle in water was calculated from theC c a value obtained at the shortest time and the experimentally determined outer Helmholtz plane potential. The calculated Hamaker constants were comparable to the theoretical values for iron (III) hydroxide and silver iodide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00657675
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the entire nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the attenuated hog cholera vaccine strain GPE− and the wild-type parental strain ALD (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 140 (1995), S. 1385-1391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have determined the complete nucleotide sequences of a live attenuated hog cholera virus (HCV) and its progenitor strain. The viral RNA of each strain consisted of 12 298 nucleotides including untranslated regions of 373 and 228 bases at the 5′ and 3′ end, respectively. There was a single large open reading frame spanning 11 697 nucleotides which could encode a large protein of 3 899 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 438-kDa. We have found 225 nucleotide difference between the two strains, of which six were located in the untranslated region. Four-sixths of these differences resulted in amino acid substitutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01322665
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wettability and surface free energy of electrolytically oxidized graphite fibers (1995)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 273 (1995), S. 1144-1150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Wettability-surface free energy ; contact angle ; carbon fiber ; graphite fiber
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Wettability of electrolytically oxidized graphite fibers has been investigated by contact angle measurements employing the Wilhelmy method. The atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon, O/C, in the surface layer of the graphite fiber increased with increasing electric specific charge. Contact angle hysteresis was not observed for the untreated graphite fiber (O/C=0.01). The contact angles decreased with increasing O/C, especially for the receding angle, and approached constant for O/C〉0.2. The nondispersive and dispersive surface free energies of the oxidized graphite fibers were calculated from the experimentally determined contact angles. The nondispersive surface free energy increased by the oxidation, whereas the dispersive one decreased. From the results of surface analysis, it was found that the changes in the nondispersive and dispersive surface free energies were caused by the increase in O/C ratio and the decrease in surface crystallinity, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00653082
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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