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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 53 (1999), S. 43-50 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this work was the establishment of a novel method to determine the metabolic load on host-cell metabolism resulting from recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli. This tool can be used to develop strategies to optimise recombinant fermentation processes through adjustment of recombinant-protein expression to the biosynthetic capacity of the host-cell. The signal molecule of the stringent-response network, guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp), and its precursor nucleotides were selected for the estimation of the metabolic load relating to recombinant-protein production. An improved analytical method for the quantification of nucleotides by ion-pair, high-performance liquid chromatography was established. The host-cell response upon overexpression of recombinant protein in fed-batch fermentations was investigated using the production of human superoxide dismutase (rhSOD) as a model system. E. coli strains with different recombinant systems (the T7 and pKK promoter system) exerting different loads on host-cell metabolism were analysed with regard to intracellular nucleotide concentration, rate of product formation and plasmid copy number.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @international journal of nautical archaeology 25 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-9270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Archaeology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 782 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe von ultramafischen Xenolithen (Spinell-Peridotite, ein Olivin-KlinopyroxenHornblendit und ein Spinell-Pyroxenit) aus tertiären Basalten der Rhön wurde petrologisch and geochemisch untersucht. Zwei Gruppen von Peridotiten können hinsichtlich ihrer Äquilibrierungstemperaturen unterschieden werden: (I) Spinell-Lherzolithe and -Wehrlite mit niedrigen und mittleren Temperaturen von 840–1050 °C bei Drucken von 11-24 kbar zeigen zumeist granulare Gefüge. Die große Schwankungsbreite dieser P-T-Abschätzungen ist durch mineralchemische Ungleichgewichte und unterschiedliche Schließungstemperaturen der Geothermometer und Geobarometer bedingt. Spinell-Pyroxen-Symplektite, die in einigen dieser Xenolithe auftreten, weisen auf eine vormalige Position im Stabilitätsfeld von GranatLherzolith hin. Diese Xenolithe sind durch partielle Schmelzextraktion unterschiedlich stark depletiert. Häufig zeigen she eine Anreicherung der leichten and mittleren Seltenerdelemente, was durch eine spätere kryptometasomatische Überprägung bedingt ist. (II) Eine Gruppe hochtemperierter, vorwiegend porphyroklastischer und untergeordnet granularer Spinell-Lherzolithe und -Harzburgite wurde unter Temperaturen von 1190–1270 °C bei Drucken von 19–26 kbar überprägt. Die P-T Werte für diese Xenolithe liegen auf einem geothermischen Gradienten von über 90 mW/m2, was auf intensive Aufheizprozesse im Mantel hinweist. Oftmals wurde these Aufheizung von einer duktilen Deformation begleitet, deren Ursache eine Dehnung der Mantellithosphäre war. Aufgrund der fehlenden Gleichgewichtstexturen, der Abwesenheit von retrograden Mineralzonierungen und partieller Schmelzprozesse bei den Klinopyroxenen dieser Xenolithe müssen ihre Deformation and Hochtemperaturüberprägung während des tertiären Magmatismus stattgefunden haben. Die porphyroklastischen, hochtemperierten Xenolithe zeigen die stärkste Abreicherung an basaltischer Komponente, den schweren Seltenerdelementen sowie an Y and Sc. Bei dem Olivin-Klinopyroxen-Hornblendit handelt es sich um ein basaltisches Kumulat, welches aufgrund seiner P-T Abschätzung (um 1150 °C bei 9 kbar) aus dem Übergangsbereich von unterer Kruste zu oberem Mantel stammt. Eine40Ar-39Ar Datierung von Kaersutiten dieser Probe weist auf ein Alter von etwa 25 Ma, was in Übereinstimmung mit dem Beginn des tertiären Vulkanismus in dieser Region ist. Diese Untersuchungen verdeutlichen, daß ein Teil des lithosphärischen Mantels unter der Rhön eine thermische Äquilibrierung während des tertiären magmatischen Ereignisses erfuhr. Dagegen zeigen andere Teile noch Relikte einer älteren Geschichte, speziell eine kryptische Metasomatose and den Übergang vom Stabilitätsfeld des Granat-Lherzoliths zum Spinell-Lherzolith. Ein mögliches geotektonisches Szenario für diesen Transfer könnte die postvariscische Krustenreäquilibrierung sein.
    Notes: Summary A suite of ultramafic xenoliths (spinel peridotites, one olivine-clinopyroxene hornblendite, and one spinel pyroxenite) from Tertiary basalt vents and lava flows of the Rhön area (Central Germany) were investigated petrologically and geochemically. With regard to P-T estimates two distinct groups of peridotite xenoliths can be discriminated: (I) A low- to intermediate-temperature group of spinel lherzolites and wehrlites mainly displaying coarse equant textures yielded temperature estimates in the range of 840–1050 °C at rather variable pressures of 11–24 kbar. The strong variability of the P-T estimates is attributed to mineral chemical disequilibria and different diffusion rates of the elements used for geothermometry and geobarometry. Spinel-pyroxene symplectites within part of these xenoliths point to a former position in the stability field of garnet lherzolite. These xenoliths are variably depleted in the basaltic component by partial melt extraction. They often show an enrichment in LREE and MREE which is due to a later overprinting by cryptic metasomatism. (II) A high-temperature group of xenoliths, which mainly consists of porphyroclastic and subordinate coarse equant spinel lherzolites and harzburgites, experienced temperatures of 1190–1270 °C at 19–26 kbar. The P-T values for these xenoliths fall close to a geothermal gradient of about 90 mW/m2 and illustrate intense heating processes in the mantle which were often coupled with ductile deformation caused by lithospheric stretching. The thermal disturbance which led to the reequilibration of these peridotites must have occurred during the Tertiary magmatic event as indicated by the absence of retrograde mineral zoning, missing textural reequilibration, and the presence of partial melting phenomena in clinopyroxene. Unlike sheared xenoliths from other locations, the porphyroclastic high-temperature peridotites from the Rhön are depleted in basaltic component, in HREE, Y, and Sc. An olivine-clinopyroxene hornblendite is classified as some kind of basaltic cumulate which - according to its P-T estimate of about 1150 °C at 9 kbar - originates from hte transition zone between the lower crust and the upper mantle.40Ar-39Ar dating of kaersutite from this sample indicates an age of about 25 Ma which is in accordance with the beginning of Tertiary volcanism in the Rhön area. These investigations show that part of the lithospheric mantle underneath the Rhön area experienced a thermal reequilibration during the Tertiary magmatic event while other parts give evidence of an older history, i.e. a cryptic metasomatism and a transition from the garnet- to the spinel-lherzolite field. A possible geotectonic scenario for the transition could be the post-Variscan crustal reequilibration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words DNA mismatch repair ; Mismatch recognition ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have analysed the correction of defined mismatches in wild-type and msh2, msh3, msh6 and msh3 msh6 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in two different yeast strain backgrounds by transformation with plasmid heteroduplex DNA constructs. Ten different base/base mismatches, two single-nucleotide loops and a 38-nucleotide loop were tested. Repair of all types of mismatches was severely impaired in msh2 and msh3 msh6 mutants. In msh6 mutants, repair efficiency of most base/base mismatches was reduced to a similar extent as in msh3 msh6 double mutants. G/T and A/C mismatches, however, displayed residual repair in msh6 mutants in one strain background, implying a role for Msh3p in recognition of base/base mismatches. Furthermore, the efficiency of repair of base/base mismatches was considerably reduced in msh3 mutants in one strain background, indicating a requirement for MSH3 for fully efficient mismatch correction. Also the efficiency of repair of the 38-nucleotide loop was reduced in msh3 mutants, and to a lesser extent in msh6 mutants. The single-nucleotide loop with an unpaired A was less efficiently repaired in msh3 mutants and that with an unpaired T was less efficiently corrected in msh6 mutants, indicating non-redundant functions for the two proteins in the recognition of single-nucleotide loops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsSaccharomyces cerevisiae ; Deletion mutants ; Phenotypic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In a systematic approach to the study of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes of unknown function, 150 deletion mutants were constructed (1 double, 149 single mutants) and phenotypically analysed. Twenty percent of all genes examined were essential. The viable deletion mutants were subjected to 20 different test systems, ranging from high throughput to highly specific test systems. Phenotypes were obtained for two-thirds of the mutants tested. During the course of this investigation, mutants for 26 of the genes were described by others. For 18 of these the reported data were in accordance with our results. Surprisingly, for seven genes, additional, unexpected phenotypes were found in our tests. This suggests that the type of analysis presented here provides a more complete description of gene function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 252 (1996), S. 275-283 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words DNA mismatch repair ; MluI cell cycle box ; Mutation ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Transcription of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA mismatch repair genes PMS1, MSH2, and MSH6, a recently discovered homolog of the Escherichia coli mutS gene, was shown to be cell cycle regulated. In contrast, transcription of the MSH1, MSH3 and MLH1 genes was not regulated during the cell cycle. The MSH1 gene, which is thought to be involved in DNA mismatch repair in mitochondria, was also not induced under aerobic growth conditions. Regulation of the PMS1 gene was dependent on intact MluI cell cycle boxes, as demonstrated by analysis of a promoter mutant. Both reduced and increased expression of PMS1 resulted in a mitotic mutator phenotype. Analysis of mRNA levels was performed with a newly developed reverse transcription-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) approach using fluorescently labeled primers and an automated DNA sequencer for detection of PCR products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 252 (1996), S. 275-283 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: DNA mismatch repair ; MluI cell cycle box ; Mutation ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transcription of theSaccharomyces cerevisiae DNA mismatch repair genesPMS1, MSH2, andMSH6, a recently discovered homolog of theEscherichia coli mutS gene, was shown to be cell cycle regulated. In contrast, transcription of theMSH1, MSH3 andMLH1 genes was not regulated during the cell cycle. TheMSH1 gene, which is thought to be involved in DNA mismatch repair in mitochondria, was also not induced under aerobic growth conditions. Regulation of thePMS1 gene was dependent on intactMluI cell cycle boxes, as demonstrated by analysis of a promoter mutant. Both reduced and increased expression ofPMS1 resulted in a mitotic mutator phenotype. Analysis of mRNA levels was performed with a newly developed reverse transcription-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) approach using fluorescently labeled primers and an automated DNA sequencer for detection of PCR products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 199 (1998), S. 327-349 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract: In [15] we proved a lower bound for the spectrum of the Dirac operator on quaternionic Kähler manifolds. In the present article we show that the only manifolds in the limit case, i.–e. the only manifolds where the lower bound is attained as an eigenvalue, are the quaternionic projective spaces. We use the equivalent formulation in terms of the quaternionic Killing equation introduced in [16] and show that a nontrivial solution defines a parallel spinor on the associated hyperkähler manifold.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 13 (1999), S. 1241-1242 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Children — Laparoscopic — Posttraumatic — Splenic cyst
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Splenic cysts are rare in pediatric surgery. Nowadays management consists of partial splenectomy or decapsulation of the cystic wall. The case reported in this article describes the successful laparoscopic decapsulation of the cystic wall in an 11-year-old child.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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