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  • 1
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Microbial N ; Immobilization ; Remobilization ; NH4+ fixation ; Exchangeable NH4+
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In 1991, field experiments on loess (with winter wheat) and sandy soils (with summer barley) were conducted to study N dynamics in the microbial biomass and non-exchangeable NH4 +. The measurements showed a mass change in microbial N, with a maximum increase of 100 kg N ha–1 30 cm–1 from March to July in the loess soil, and a change for only 1 month (May) in the sandy soil. Plots treated with conventional levels of N fertilizer (213 kg N ha–1 on a loess soil to winter wheat and 130 kg ha–1 on the sandy soil to summer barley), reduced levels of N (83% and 62% of the conventional N application), or no N showed no consistent fertilizer N effect on microbial biomass N. From March to July, non-exchangeable NH4 + in loess soils under winter wheat decreased by 110 kg N ha–1 30 cm–1 in conventionally fertilized plots and by 200 kg N ha–1 30 cm–1 in a plot with no N fertilizer. After harvest, the pool of non-exchangeable NH4 + increased due to increasing mineral N concentrations in the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 284-286 (June 1998), p. 411-418 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 64 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The weaver mutant mouse (wv/wv) has an ∼70% loss of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons, but the fractional DA release evoked by amphetamine (but not a high potassium level) has been shown to be greater from striatal slices of the weaver compared with +/+ mice. In the present work we tested the hypothesis that fractional DA release from weaver striatum would be greater when release was mediated by the DA transporter. Serotonin (5-HT)-stimulated fractional DA release was greater from weaver than from +/+ striatum. The release evoked by 5-HT in the presence of 10 µM nomifensine (an antagonist of the DA transporter) was less than in its absence, but the difference between weaver and +/+ striatum remained. In the presence of nomifensine, 1-(m-chlorophenyl)biguanide, classified as a 5-HT3 agonist, also induced a greater fractional release from weaver compared with +/+ striatum. When veratridine was used at a low concentration (1 µM), the fractional evoked release of DA was higher from the weaver in the presence and absence of nomifensine. These findings suggest that the reason for the difference in the responsiveness of the two genotypes to these release-inducing agents is not related to DA transporter function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 65 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Protein tyrosine kinases that are known to have major roles in the control of cell growth and transformation are abundant and have numerous phosphoprotein substrates in the adult CNS. Although less well characterized than serine/threonine kinases, tyrosine kinases are also concentrated in the synapse. The effect of genistein, a selective inhibitor of tyrosine kinase activity, was examined on the in vitro release of endogenous dopamine (DA) from superfused mouse striatal slices. Fractional release of DA was significantly increased over basal release levels by genistein (100 and 200 µM). The effect was concentration dependent and rapidly reversible on washout of the kinase inhibitor. No significant change from basal release levels was observed with two structural analogues of genistein that do not inhibit tyrosine kinase activity at the same concentration. We have previously described alterations in basal and evoked DA release from the striatum of the weaver (wv/wv) mutant mouse, and genotypic differences in fractional release were also observed with genistein stimulation. The total evoked release was 25–50% greater from the wv/wv striatum. These results suggest a modulatory role for tyrosine kinase activity in neurotransmitter release and perhaps an alteration of kinase-regulated mechanisms in the DA-deficient wv/wv striatum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 13 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: : This randomized, double-blind, multicentre study compared lansoprazole with placebo for symptomatic relief of patients with non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD).〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods: 214 patients with symptomatic, non-erosive GERD (moderate to severe daytime and/or night-time heartburn greater than half the days over the past 6 months and during the 7- to 10-day pre-treatment period) were randomized to either lansoprazole 15 mg or lansoprazole 30 mg, or placebo o.d. for 8 weeks.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results: Daily diary data indicated that on the first treatment day a statistically significantly smaller percentage of lansoprazole patients reported daytime and night-time heartburn and antacid usage, compared with placebo patients. Lansoprazole patients also reported statistically significant less severe daytime and night-time heartburn on the first treatment day. During 0–4, 4–8, and 0–8 weeks of therapy, a statistically significant smaller percentage of days and nights with heartburn, less severe daytime and night-time heartburn, and less antacid usage were observed in the lansoprazole group compared to the placebo group. The percentages of patients with adverse reactions were similar in the lansoprazole and placebo groups.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that lansoprazole is an appropriate therapy for patients with symptomatic non-erosive GERD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0044-281X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Entscheidungsfindung – Inkompetenz – Patientendirektive – Patientenwille ; Key words Decision making – incompetency – advance directive – patient's will
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Health care decision making in incompetent severely ill patients presents many difficult medical, ethical, and legal problems for the physician. At the same time nurses represent the group of medical professionals who have the closest contact with the patient and who have to carry out most of the decisions and instructions. Treatment decisions and their determinants have been assessed by means of a questionnaire based on three case scenarios offering three different levels of available information of the patient's wishes (no information, DNR-order, advance directive). Responses of 191 doctors and 182 nurses have been analyzed. In both groups ethical factors and patient wishes were regarded as the most important. With an increasing level of information about the patient's will the compliance increased in both groups, being more pronounced among the nurses. The more important the will of the patient was estimated, the less difficult were the decisions, the less aggressive was the treatment level chosen, the less frequent rescuscitation was made, and the more helpful the information on patient's will were experienced. These important relationships occured mainly in the nurses. Furthermore, age and level of dementia were related with the decisions though with less importance. The more legal aspects were regarded the more aggressive treatment options were chosen. Hospital cost were less important and did not influence the decision making. The results indicate that a more frequent use of advance directives would foster patient autonomy and at the same time lessen the burden on the medical staff. A comprehensive education of both the medical professions and the general public seems warranted.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Behandlungsentscheidungen bei inkompetenten, schwerkranken Patienten stellen den Arzt vor viele schwierige medizinische, ethische und rechtliche Probleme. Krankenschwestern stellen die Gruppe des medizinischen Personals dar, die den engsten Kontakt zu den Patienten hat und die Entscheidungen und Anweisungen in wesentlichen Teilen realisieren müssen. Behandlungsentscheidungen und deren Determinanten werden mittels eines Fragebogens mit einer Fallbeschreibung mit drei verschiedenen Niveaus der Verfügbarkeit von Informationen über den Patientenwillen (keine, DNR-Anweisung, Patientendirektive) erfaßt. Daten von 191 Ärzten und 182 Krankenschwestern derselben Kliniken wurden ausgewertet. Ethische Faktoren und die Wünsche des Patienten werden von beiden Gruppen am bedeutsamsten für ihre Entscheidungen bewertet. Mit zunehmendem Informationsgrad über den Patientenwillen nimmt in beiden Gruppen die Compliance zu, bei den Schwestern ausgeprägter als bei den Ärzten. Je wichtiger der Willen des Patienten eingeschätzt wird, desto weniger Schwierigkeiten bereiten Entscheidungen, desto weniger intensive Behandlungsniveaus werden gewählt, desto seltener erfolgt Wiederbelebung gegen den Willen des Patienten und desto hilfreicher werden Informationen über den Willen des Patienten für die eigene Behandlungsentscheidung erlebt. Diese bedeutsamen Zusammenhänge lassen sich vor allem für die Gruppe der Krankenschwestern nachweisen. Auch das Alter und der Demenzgrad der Patienten steht im Zusammenhang mit diesen Entscheidungen, wenn auch die Wichtigkeit dieser Faktoren geringer eingeschätzt wird. Je wichtiger juristische Aspekte bewertet werden, desto aggressiver ist das gewählte Behandlungsniveau. Kostenfaktoren werden eher als unwichtig eingestuft und beeinflussen die Entscheidungen nicht. Die Ergebnisse weisen deutlich darauf hin, daß die verstärkte Nutzung von Patientendirektiven (Patiententestamente) die Patientenautonomie fördern und gleichzeitig das medizinische Personal entlasten könnte. Umfassende und tiefgründige Schulung sowohl des medizinischen Personals als auch der Bevölkerung wird gefordert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1437-773X
    Keywords: Key words Heart ; Ultrastructure ; Capillaries ; Endothelium ; Stereology ; Cardioplegic solutions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In open heart surgery and transplantation, sufficient structural preservation of the myocardium immediately following cardioplegic arrest is a precondition for overcoming ischemia and for resumption of postischemic function. Therefore, we compared the protective effect of three clinically applied cardioplegic solutions with fibrillating and beating hearts using structural criteria. Left ventricular samples were taken from (1) beating, or (2) fibrillating or arrested hearts following coronary perfu-sion with (3) St. Thomas' Hospital solution, (4) histidine tryptophane ketoglutalate (HTK) (Custodiol), or (5) University of Wisconsin (UW) solution and fixed by immersion. Ultrastructural differences in the swelling of capillary endothelial cells and myocytes were quantitatively evaluated using stereological methods. Endothelial cells were somewhat more swollen after St. Thomas perfusion than those in beating and fibrillating hearts. HTK-arrested hearts showed significantly lower values for cellular edema than beating hearts. UW perfusion resulted in the (significantly) lowest degree of endothelial cell edema. Edematous changes in myocytes were significantly greater in St. Thomas-arrested hearts than in UW- or HTK-arrested hearts. Cardiomyocyte edema in beating and fibrillating hearts was comparable to that in St. Thomas-perfused hearts. Thus, the stereol-ogical analysis revealed significant differences between cardioplegic solutions in structural preservation of myocardial ultrastructure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Lung-transplantation pathology ; Bronchi-epithelium ; Ischaemia ; Mitochondrial swelling ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Transmission electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In ten cases of clinical human single-lung transplantation, the nontransplanted Euro-Collins-preserved contralateral lungs were examined using electron microscopy to determine the effects of ischaemia on the bronchiolar epithelium. Existing structural damage at the time of transplantation was characterized using this approach, and nine nonpreserved canine single lungs were also investigated to identify the impact of ischaemia. The study revealed a significant correlation between the duration of ischaemia and the mitochondrial surface-to-volume ratio, which can serve as a morphometric criterion for mitochondrial damage, in canine lungs. However, this correlation was not found in the human donor lungs. Further examination of human donor lungs showed slight to moderate damage to the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear chromatin. In addition, various degrees of damage to mitochondrial structure, ranging from inconspicuous to severe, were found. The mitochondrial surface-to-volume ratio can be considered to be a suitable criterion for the quantification of ischaemic damage of the bronchiolar epithelium under experimental conditions. Ultrastructural analysis of human donor lungs revealed intact bronchiolar epithelial cell structures at the time of transplantation, reflecting adequate organ preservation with Euro-Collins solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Achilles tendon ; Tendon surgery ; Non-operative treatment ; Early mobilisation ; Ultrasound ; Isokinetic muscle strength. ; Schlüsselwörter: Achillessehne ; Sehnennaht ; konservative Therapie ; Sonographie ; isokinetische Muskelkraftmessung.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. In einem 2,5 jährigen Zeitraum wurden 55 Patienten mit einer frischen Achillessehnenruptur (ASR) nach definierten sonographischen Kriterien operativ und funktionell konservativ behandelt. Durchschnittlich 2,4 Jahre später konnten von 51 Patienten (operative Gruppe = 28 Patienten, konservative Gruppe = 23 Patienten) erneut klinische, funktionelle sowie isokinetische Daten der eingelenkigen Plantarflexoren erfaßt werden. Während in der operativen Gruppe insgesamt bei 10,6 % Wundheilungsstörungen mit spontanem Heilungsverlauf auftraten, betrug die Rerupturrate in der konservativen Gruppe 13 %. Die Incidenz an Achillodynien war zum Nachuntersuchungszeitpunkt in der nicht operativen Gruppe deutlich höher (p = 0,019). Durch die Cybextestung wurden durchschnittliche Kraftdefizite in der operativen Gruppe von 13,7 % und nach funktionell konservativer Behandlung von 24,7 % (p = 0,012) festgestellt. Während die Adaptationsnaht i. d. R. zum Erfolg führt, ist die Indikation zur konservativen Therapie der ASR von der Sehnendiastase, dem Aktivitätswunsch und der Kooperation abhängig.
    Notes: Summary. According to sonographic criteria, 55 patients underwent surgical treatment with mobilisation in a lower leg plaster or conservative treatment with early mobilisation in heel pad (3 cm) shoes when an acute Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) was diagnosed. The follow-up period in 51 patients was 2.4 years (operated group = 28 patients, conservative group = 23 patients) with clinical examination and testing of isokinetic muscle strength in knee joint flexion. After surgical treatment, minor wound infections occurred in 10.6 %. Reruptures occurred in 13 % of the conservative group. Following conservative treatment, the rate of stress-related achillodynia was significantly higher (P = 0.019). In the operated group mean isokinetic muscle strength was 13.7 % lower than in the uninvolved leg and decreased significantly with non-operative treatment to 75.3 % (P = 0.012). We recommend surgical treatment of acute ATR. The indications for conservative treatment depend on the extent of the rupture (measured by ultrasound in the equinus position), the desired level of daily activity and the patient's degree of compliance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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