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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood component use in critically ill patients (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This prospective observational study was conducted to assess the current transfusion practice in critically ill patients. One thousand two hundred and forty-seven consecutive critically ill patients admitted between February 1999 and October 1999 were included in the study. Overall 666 (53%) patients were administered red cells. Transfused patients had significantly higher intensive care unit␣mortality but also had higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores and longer durations of stay. The average pretransfusion haemoglobin concentration was 〈 9 g.dl−1 in 75% of transfusion episodes. The common indications for transfusion were low haemoglobin (72%) and haemorrhage (25%). Overall, 202 (16%) and 281 (22%) of the patients were transfused platelets and fresh frozen plasma, respectively. The indications for transfusion were haemorrhage, low platelet counts, prolonged prothrombin time or to provide cover for invasive interventions. Most platelet transfusions were given at values in the order of 50–100 × 109.l−1. The pretransfusion platelet count varied according to the indications for transfusion. This study showed that transfusion practice is consistent and that in general there does not seem to be an excessive use of blood components in critically ill patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.02514.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A survey of physicians' attitudes to transfusion practice in critically ill patients in the UK (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study aimed to examine the attitudes of intensivists and haematologists to the use of blood and blood products using a scenario-based postal questionnaire. One hundred and sixty-two intensivists and 77 haematologists responded to the survey. In four scenarios, the baseline haemoglobin thresholds for red cell transfusion ranged from 6 to 12 g.dl−1. There was significant variation between scenarios (p 〈 0.005). Increasing age, high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Status II score, surgery, acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock and lactic acidosis significantly (p 〈 0.005) modified the transfusion threshold. There were greater variations in the baseline threshold for platelet transfusion. The majority of respondents (72.3%) selected a baseline haemoglobin threshold between 9 and 10 g.dl−1. The thresholds for platelet transfusion were far less consistent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.02509_1.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poromitra crassiceps (Teleostei, Melamphaidae) associated with the 500 fathoms fauna off Argentina (2002)
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Journal of applied ichthyology 18 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: We established the presence of Poromitra crassiceps on the slope off Argentina (49°29.8′S; 55°27.4′W, 941 m depth) during a research cruise in 1978. The report is based on a single specimen 130.09 mm total length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00326.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulated emission pumping studies of energy transfer in highly vibrationally excited molecules (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 97 (1993), S. 3944-3955 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100118a005
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adult respiratory distress syndrome following cardiopulmonary bypass: incidence and prediction (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The outcome of adult respiratory distress syndrome complicating cardiopulmonary bypass has changed little in recent years. A retrospective, case-controlled study was designed to assess the incidence of the adult respiratory distress syndrome in these circumstances and the extent to which it could be linked with pre and peri-operative predictive factors. Eleven patients who developed the syndrome out of 840 who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass over a 9 month period were compared with 53 controls matched for sex, operation and surgeon. The incidence of adult respiratory distress syndrome and its mortality were 1.3% and 53% respectively. Significant predictors were a high intra and postoperative intervention score, the total volume of blood pumped during bypass (〉300 l) and age (〉60 years). These risk factors should alert the clinician to the possibility of severe postoperative pulmonary complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb02134.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    End-tidal capnography in rigid bronchoscopy (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.00114.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical Influence and Mental Reference (1936)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Philosophy 11 (1936), S. 176-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-8191
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Philosophy
    Notes: In a scientific discussion of the processes which we (or some of us) designate “vital,” attention is concentrated on an interpretation of that which happens within a relational system of physical influence. In a scientific discussion of the processes which we reflectively distinguish as “mental,” attention is directed to what occurs in a relational system of psychological reference. We should seek to distinguish each from the other in any given context where both are in evidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0031819100033556
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of contrasting perennial ryegrasses, with and without white clover, under continuous sheep stocking in the uplands. 5. Herbage production, quality and intake in years 4–6 (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 48 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Herbage characteristics were studied over years 4–6 (1988–90) in three perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) varieties as grass-only (200 kg N ha-1) and grass/clover (Trifolium repens L.) swards which received 75kg N ha-1 in 1988 and 0kg N ha-1 in 1989 and 1990 when continuously stocked with sheep. Mean total annual herbage production of Aurora, a very early flowering variety, was 11% more than that of late-flowering Aberystwyth S23 due to 21% higher growth as grass/clover pasture. The grass/clover sward of Meltra, a tetraploid late-flowering variety, out-yielded S23/clover by 17%. Herbage production of grass/clover was 86% of that of grass only in 1988 but only 54% of the grass-only swards averaged for 1989 and 1990. In vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD) of Meltra was 38g kg-1 OM and 27g kg-1 OM higher than that of S23 and Aurora respectively. OMD of grass/clover was 15g kg-1 OM higher than that of grass only during the post-weaning period. Herbage intake was positively correlated with OMD of herbage.The herbage attributes were related to lamb performance reported previously. Lamb output was positively correlated with intake of digestible organic matter.Differences between the three varieties in herbage characteristics were greater as grass/clover than as grass-only swards, reflecting their compatibility with white clover. In this respect Meltra was the best and S23 the poorest variety.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1993.tb01854.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extensification of grassland use in the Welsh uplands: sheep performance in years 1–6 (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An experiment was established in 1991 on a 25-year-old perennial ryegrass/bent (Lolium perenne L./Agrostiscapillaris L.)-dominated pasture in Wales to study the effects of reducing nutrient inputs to previously fertilized upland pasture. The effects of the removal of applications of (1) N (denoted by CaPK) (2) N, P and K (Ca) and (3) N, P, K, and Ca (Nil) were compared with a treatment which received applications of all four nutrients (CaPKN) over a 6-year period (1991–96) in a randomized block design replicated three times. The experiment was managed under a continuous variable stocking regime (ewes and lambs until weaning and ewes thereafter) maintaining a sward surface height of 4·0 cm throughout the grazing season. Although individual liveweight gain of the lambs was unaffected by the treatments, there was a significant reduction (P 〈 0·05) in total lamb liveweight gain, ewe stocking rate and length of grazing season as a result of the withdrawal of nutrients. Over the 6 years total lamb liveweight gain was reduced by 17%, 32% and 45% and ewe stocking rate by 21%, 36% and 49% on treatments CaPK, Ca and Nil, respectively, compared with treatment CaPKN. The effect of withdrawing nutrient inputs on ewe stocking rate was progressive and by 1996 the Nil input treatment displayed a 63% reduction compared with the CaPKN treatment and this was also coupled with a 21-day reduction in length of the grazing season. During the post-weaning period, ewes from the Nil input treatment recorded a liveweight loss in 1995 and only a modest liveweight gain in 1996. This coupled with significantly lower body condition scores (P 〈 0·01) of these ewes in the autumn indicated that the Nil input treatment could lead to reductions in reproductive performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2001.00254.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of contrasting perennial ryegrasses, with and without clover, under continuous sheep stocking in the uplands. 4. Animal performance in years 4–6 (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Relative sheep production from Aurora (very early flowering), Mellra (late-flowering tetraploid) and Aberystwyth S23 (late flowering) perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) varieties was compared during harvest years 4-6 (1988-90) as grass only (200 kg N ha−1) and grass/clover (75 kg N ha −1 in 1988, 0 kg N ha−1 in 1989 and 1990) at Bronydd Mawr Research Centre (310-363 m) in mid-Wales. The pastures were continuously stocked with Beulah Speckled Face ewes and their Suffolk cross lambs from spring to mid-July. From late July to early November only the weaned lambs grazed the swards.Mean (1988-90) total annual lamb production per hectare from Aurora and Meltra was 70% and 16% more than that from S23. However, the difference between both varieties and S23 was much greater as grass/clover (Aberystwyth S184 small-leaved type) than as grass-only swards. Differences between the grasses in individual lamb growth rates were most pronounced during the post-weaning period, when that on Meltra was 38% and 23% more than on Aurora and S23 respectively.Mean annual lamb output from grass/clover swards was only 70% of that from grass-only swards during the 2 years when the former swards received no fertilizer N. Averaged over the 3 years (1988-90) individual lamb liveweight gain post weaning was 38% higher on grass/clover than on grass-only swards.The results are discussed in relation to those for the first 3 harvest years (1985-87). It is concluded that, although Aurora was less persistent than both late-flowering varieties, its superiority in providing an average of 29% more lamb output than S23 during the critical spring period (up to early June) would be of considerable practical significance in upland sheep systems, as would be the overall superiority of the tetraploid Meltra over S23.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1992.tb02269.x
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